جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Semantic memory » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

One of the important cognitive functions is memory. Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and recalled later. Some personality traits, such as perfectionism, due to their positive or negative effects on mood, can act as a mediating or modulating variable on cognitive processes such as types of memory, and even cause cognitive biases in these processes. However, there are few researches on the effect of mood induction regarding the characteristics of maladaptive perfectionism.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive and negative mood induction on working, autobiographical, and semantic memory in individuals with maladaptive perfectionism.

This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research was all the students of Payam Noor University in the center of Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. The statistical sample consisted of 30 students who were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: positive mood (10 people), negative mood (10 people), and neutral mood (10 people). Subjects completed Kirchner’s working memory (N-BACK), verbal fluency (GhasemianShirvan et al, 2018), and historical memory retrieval (Williams & Broadbent,1986) tests before and after mood induction. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS-26 software.

The results of data analysis showed that positive mood induction can improve working memory scores in people with maladaptive perfectionism. Also, the induction of negative mood can reduce the scores of working memory and semantic memory in people with maladaptive perfectionism (p<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, positive and negative mood conditions in interaction with the personality trait of maladaptive perfectionism affect a person's memory.

The purpose of the present study was to compare semantic memory in monolingual and bilingual children with specific learning disabilities. The research design was fundamental and causal-comparative. A number of 60 children including 30 monolingual (Persian, 15 boys and 15 girls) children from Tehran and 30 bilingual children (Kurdish-Persian, 15 boys and 15 girls) from Javanrood city in 2019-2020 were recruited from special learning disabilities rehabilitation centers using accessible sampling. Data were collected using 4-versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Test (WISC-IV) and the Semantic Memory Test (SMT). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and Friedman test were performed using SPSS-21. The results showed that the semantic memory performance of the monolingual children was better than that of the bilingual children (t=5.40, P<0/05). Moreover, a significant relationship was found between the frequency of letters in Persian and performance in the letter fluency test (2=86.50, P<0.01). The results of the study show that despite the children without specific learning disabilities, monolingual children have better semantic memory function than bilingual children with SLD

Autobiographical memory, or memory for personal experiences, allows individuals to define themselves and construct a meaningful life story. Current research aims to review the definition and theories of autobiographies memory and how it usually changes or abnormally in older adults. Base on studies, as we grow older autobiographical memory drops off, also semantic memory changes a little or sometimes doesn't change at all. How autobiographical memory changes in normal elders with neurological disease depends on the kind of disease and brains factor which effect on how these changes happen, the useful neurological factors and current explanation are expansively discussed.

According to Tulving, semantic memory is one of the sub-types of memory which is the ability to recollect concepts and semantic words. The hierarchy of the generated exemplars of the given concepts is one of the typical measures for this type of memory. Except for the Farsi language, there are mass studies in preparation of the conceptual categories; therefore the present study is aimed to prepare category norms for the Iranian students.
The method of study was descriptive. The target population includes all of the current students at the universities of Iran. The studied sample consisted of 200 students, recruited from the universities from five geographical zones by convenience sampling. For data collection, the original method of Battig and Montague (1969) is employed where the conceptual stimuli are presented in 30-second intervals.
After eliminating the incomplete responses, the valid generated exemplars of 165 participants for 51 concepts as extracted from the original Battig and Montague study, are analyzed. The measures of potency, rank, and the total number of generated exemplars are extracted for each of the exemplars. In addition, the percentages’ measures of the total number for each of the exemplars and the percentage of the generated exemplars as the first response are extracted.
Concussion: The extracted category norms can be used as a valuable tool for the studies of semantic memory in different scientific areas.

Patients suffering epilepsy are at risk of cognitive disorder and behavioral abnormality. The purpose of the study is to compare episodic and semantic memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and non-patients.

This was a causal-comparative research. The statistical sample was patients with epilepsy of Iranian Epilepsy Center in Tehran from whom 20 patients with epilepsy were selected as the sample and were matched with 20 non-patients in term of demographic variables of age and education. The samples were selected by available sampling. Research tools for episodic memory were recalling the item, images source and word test and for semantic memory were classified categories and fluid words. Data were analyzed by t-test of independent group and multivariate analysis of variance.

T-test and average scores of episodic and semantic memory showed significant difference (p<0.01, t38=6.22, x: 95/61; p<0.01, t38=3.61, x: 271/55) in the function of the two memories in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and non-patients.

The results show that hippocampus damage and lateral neocortex in patients suffering temporal lobe epilepsy has a fundamental role in semantic and episodic memory disorder, moreover, the episodic and semantic memory function in patients was lower than non-patients.

Aim: The purpose of present study is to compare episodic and semantic memory in memorizers of the Holy Quran¡ memorizing and non-memorizers.
To achieve this aim¡ 90 persons were chosen randomly which include 30 un-memorized(15 men and 15 women) from Azad university of Jahroom¡30 memorizing and 30 memorized of the Quran among the Beit Al-Ahzan Institution of Jahroom. Episodic memory and semantic memory tests were used and statistical analyses were performed by oneanalysis of variance.
Significant differences observed between all groups¡ memorizers in term of episodic and semantic memory as compared with nonmemorizers.
Concluded: The findings revealed that there is a high correlation between episodic and semantic memory and memorizing of Quran improves the performance of episodic and semantic memory.

Information about neurocognitive processing in borderline and schizotypal personality disorder patients (BPD and SPD) may contribute to conceptualization of congentive style pattens as well as the behavioral sequelae in these patients. Taking traits of BPD and SPD into consideration، these patients show a set of impairments in their neuropsychological function. Neurocognitive profile of episodic and semantic memory were compared in normal subject and disordered group to examine this hypothesis. Neurocognitive performance of 20 BPD and 16 SPD patients as well as 20 healthy subjects were assessed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis demonstrated a significant difference in neuropsychology assessment scores associated with semantic memory domains in BPD and SPD patients as compared to the normal group. Our findings suggested a deficit memory domain of BPD and SPD patients. This study showed that although patients with BPD and SPD show defects in semantic memory performance، their intact function in other types of memory may enable us to consider them having comparable neuropsychology profiles.

The object of this experiment was study the effect of instruction of elaboration to increasing of recall in semantic memory of learners in the two types of homework physics and social studies with regard to different levels of academic achievement.

The experimental method and the test plan developed with the control group were used. 180 first year high school girl students as subjects in four experimental groups and control groups randomly selected and were replaced. To Experimental groups, methods of knowledge elaboration and semantic elaboration were taught, and then all groups in a 2-hour session were given a memory task. Immediately then subjects exposed to recall test commonly. The effectiveness of elaboration strategies training separately for subjects high, medium and low levels of academic achievement were examined.

The instruction of elaboration both the field of physics and social studies on semantic memory significantly was affected. In both fields, experimental groups 1 and 2 with the control group were significantly different.in social studies, between type of elaboration variables and levels of academic achievement were dual interaction.

The instruction of elaboration types to learners in different levels of academic achievement significantly increased semantic memory recall in their impact is, however, this effect is not same in the various types of content and learning materials also depends on the characteristics of subjects.