جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رازداری » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

The purpose of this research is examining the ethical code of counseling of the United States of America, ACA, in order to evaluate its epistemological bases and ideological premises. The significance of this task lies in the fact that ACA is one of the most famous ethical codes in counseling and psychology and is a sample for preparing other similar codes throughout the world. So finding its structure and premises is crucial for recognizing the basic epistemological and methodological approaches of other codes and their insufficiencies. Reexamining the general mentality which constructs this code and finding its theoretical presuppositions and cultural premises and avoiding its possible wrongs could be beneficial for developing an ethical code in Iran. The main question of the research is: “what are the epistemological basis and cultural ideological presuppositions of ACA? For this purpose we would examine its ethical commands according to our critical hypothesis that the psychological, the ethical and the religious are inseparable from each other. We would find that the epistemological and ideological bases of ACA are some western liberal conceptions of the nature of human beings, ignoring the spiritual aspects of their existence and maintaining the methodological individualism.

Nowadays, due to existence of some abnormalities in organizations, managers pay attention to importance of occupational morality, and self-prevention as well. While reviewing the status of occupational morality, the present article deals with the role of self –prevention on the part of Police staff. Occupational morality includes dos and don’ts, and rulebooks of any organization, which should be followed by staff based on their own conscience. The results of the research indicate that the occupational moral charter of organizations prevents the staff from committing professional crimes, abnormalities and personal hardships, and assists them in being loyal to their job through self-control and self-surveillance. Police staff is loyal to their jobs through benefitting from some tools such as faith, motivation, conscience, contentment, etc. The results of the research also indicate the significant and direct relationship and positive correlation between police moral and self –prevention, so that staff’s self- prevention would not be possible without being loyal to police behavior norms; hence following them leads to staff’s self-control. Community-oriented police is required to follow many moral tenets and behaviors. Observing the rules in Police’s interactions and relationships with the society, standardization of their behavior and developing police rulebooks or guidelines can effectively contribute to realization of self- control and self- prevention on their part.

In spite of the similarities between Islamic counseling and moral charter of American Counseling Association (ACA) on the three important issues of "confidentiality", piety", and "avoiding sensuality", there are considerable differences between them on these issues. The present paper aims at explaining these differences by comparing between these two systems. Both systems stress the importance of "confidentiality". However, "the cases of breaching confidentiality" in American Counseling Association (ACA) are more distinct than in Islamic counseling, and the American system under more conditions permits breaching of confidentiality. This paper mentions the cases of breaching confidentiality. The most important principle in Islamic counseling is "piety" and theism, while American Counseling Association gives great importance to legality. Also there are considerable differences between these two systems on the kind of sexual relation with client, observing chastity, and avoiding sensuality. Furthermore, regarding three aforementioned domains in American Counseling Association, Islam prohibits the sexual abuse of the client much more forcefully, and considers the sexual relation as illegal in case of hurting the client or counseling therapy process.Generally speaking, Islam and American Counseling Association consider "confidentiality" as one of the important components of counseling, and consider "sexual abuse" of client as illegal. Islam believes that the most important quality of a counselor is observing "piety", to which American Counseling Association pays no attention.

The word ‘’morality’’ is the plural form of the word ‘’attitude’’ which means sensual characteristic or sensual form in which human being, due to that sensual condition and without thinking, does something. In brief, ‘’morality’’ means making distinction between correct and incorrect actions; and doing the correct ones while not performing the in correct ones’’.With respect to the sensitive responsibility and especial position of intelligent services’ staff, and the necessity for protecting them against probable damages in an era where moral principles are ignored due to some vain pretexts, and because less attention is paid to moral values; therefore being familiar with intelligence attitude and observing it, can play an important role in preventing the promotion of moral problems among intelligence police’s personnel. In this paper, attempts have been made to deal with intelligence police personnel professional attitude based on some verses from holy Quran, and narrations. To achieve this, the present paper has been developed in eight sections: position of police and intelligence in Islam, police secrecy, police and snoop, police: optimism and suspicion, police and the related damages, police: endurance and persistence. Finally, the paper has ended in some conclusions and suggestions, hoping that anonymous soldiers and staff of intelligence police would benefit from the present paper.