جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فشار روانی » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in society, and the danger of harassing different people in the family or community always threatens them. One of the potential risks to children is child abuse. Abused children experience many negative consequences, including in various social, educational, family, occupational, psychological, and neurobiological areas. Despite all available interventions and treatments, It is difficult to compensate for all the damage. Therefore, according to scientific studies, the best way to deal with is to prevent the occurrence of this trauma, and this requires identifying the risk factors, which is discussed in this article.

The research method in this article is a systematic review study. Such that after searching the texts published in some of foreign databases, the findings of existing studies were collected and classified by 2020.

In general, the risk factors involved in child abuse fall into four categories:1.Child characteristics 2.Home environment 3.Parent characteristics 4.Social environment. And each of these factors affects the child's development in varying degrees and according to other factors.

Considering the negative and long-term effects of child abuse. It is necessary to deal with this issue in all its dimensions through the comprehensive Planning. And this requires active and integrated participation at the interinstitutional levels of the family, the education system, the media, the legislative and regulatory systems, the health care systems, the social emergencies, and the support and rehabilitation centers.

Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of studying the impact of education of Quran Karim to improve coping styles.
This study was quasi-experimental and adolescents participating in Basij summer courses were the population of the current study, which was placed in two groups named Guran education and other educations (Calligraphy, drawing, computers, etc). Thus, 53 adolescents participated in the Quran Karim education and 61 adolescents participated in the non-Quran Karim education Classes, were the samples of this study. Data were collected by Coping for Stressful Situations by Endler & Parker (1990) questionnaire in two phases (pretest and posttest) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.
Finding: Dependant variables (problem-oriented, emotional-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping) significantly were affected by manipulation of the independent variables (P

The aim of this research was to compare the stress coping methods of mothers of children with mental- retardation، cerebral-palsy and normal children. The design of this research was ex- post- facto. Therefore، ninety mothers of children with mental-retardation، cerebral- palsy and normal children were randomly selected. The instrument was Roger’s Stress Coping Methods Scale. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between coping methods with stress of mothers of children with mental-retardation، cerebral-palsy and normal children (P<0. 001). The findings indicated that mothers of children with mental retardation used more negative coping methods.

The present research aims at comparing the effectiveness of utterly monotheistic group therapy and that of cognitive –behavioral group therapy in reducing the stress of the wives of the wounded soldiers who have post traumatic stress disorder. The research is semi-experimental, and constitutes pre-test, post-test, and follow –up procedures. The statistical population is the wives of the wounded soldiers from Mashhad who have post traumatic stress disorder. 24 subjects were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The two groups were tested by a utterly monotheistic group therapy and cognitive – behavioral group therapy over ten two-hour sessions, while the control group received no therapy. The subjects were evaluated by a DASS – 21 questionnaire in the three stages: pre-test, post- test, and a one-month follow up. The research findings based on variance-analysis method and repeated measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of the utterly monotheistic group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group in reducing stress. Furthermore, the results show that there is no significant difference between utterly monotheistic group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy in reducing the stress of the wives of the wounded soldiers suffering from post traumatic stress disorder.

IntroductionModern life is full of deadlines, frustrations, demands and ultimately stress. Indeed, Stress is a common problem that affects almost all of us at some point in our lives. We should learn to manage stress and to cope with it as stress management is rapidly growing in different countries. The goals of these stress management techniques (e.g. physical exercise, biofeedback, relaxation, deep breathing, meditation, etc) and coping styles (e.g. effective coping styles and ineffective coping styles) are to produce muscle relaxation and the easing of psychological tensions that goes with it; as a result people have to spend tremendous amounts of time, effort and money learning special relaxation techniques. While the sense of humor without time and exorbitant expense (unlike stress management techniques and coping styles) will decrease stress. Sense of humor plays a powerful and unique role in human life, with wide-ranging effects on many aspects of functioning. Sense of humor is therapeutic, providing a mechanism for coping with daily stressors and having positive effects on the muscle relaxation, control of pain and discomfort, less fatigue as well as psychological health. Thus, sense of humor has often been conceptualized as a form of coping in that it appears to buffer an individual against the negative effects of stress.Research QuestionOn this basis, the primary aim of the present study was to investigate the sense of humor and stress. Specifically, we addressed questions relating to relationships between sense of humor and its components (enjoyment of humor, laughter, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations and sense of humor in stressful conditions) with stress. We evaluated the correlation between sense of humor and its components with coping styles (effective coping styles and ineffective coping styles). Finally, we investigated whether the sense of humor components are able to predict stress.MethodSubjects participating in this project were 320 male and female students of Isfahan University (with average age of 22 years) selected using stratified random cluster sampling. The three questionnaires were administered simultaneously to the participants. The Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ) (Khoshouei, Oreizy and Aghaei, 1386) was used to assess sense of humor. The SHQ is a scale of 25 items that consist of five different components: enjoyment of humor, laughter, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations and sense of humor in stressful conditions. The SHQ rates each item based on a seven-point Likert-type scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. A high score on this test is associated with a person having a great sense of humor. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) (Holmes and Rahe, 1967) was used to assess stress, to measure stress according to the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, the numbers of "life change units" that apply to events in the past year of an individual's life are added and the final score gives a rough estimate of how stress affects health. Finally the Coping Style Scale (CSS) (Carver, Scheier and Weintraub, 1989) to assess coping style was administered; The CSS is a scale of 60 items that consist of two coping styles: effective coping styles (e.g. problem-focused and positive emotional-focused styles) and ineffective coping styles (e.g. negative emotional-focused styles)ResultThe results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that sense of humor and its components have negative correlations with the stress and ineffective coping styles at P<0.05 level of significance. These correlations coefficients have a range from -0.12 to -0.31 for stress and from -0.11 to -0.32 for ineffective coping styles. However, the findings showed sense of humor and its components have positive correlations with the effective coping styles at P<0.05 level of significance. These correlations coefficients have a range from 0.27 to 0.81. Finally results of analysis of stepwise regression showed that among sense of humor components, enjoyment of humor, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations, and sense of humor in stressful conditions are able to predict stress.DiscussionThe results of this study indicated that there is a negative relationship between sense of humor and stress. In addition, the present findings highlight that although coping styles can induce the stress but only one form of coping style (effective coping styles) linked to sense of humor. Moreover, results imply that sense of humor components (except laughter) are able to predict a considerable part of stress, or rather the stress is influenced by sense of humor through enjoyment of humor, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations and sense of humor in stressful conditions. Altogether, results of this study were consistent with previous research in other countries. This finding has not only some important implications for other researchers of this field, but can also be generalized to aid in real-life settings. Also further research is needed to substantiate results of this research in other communities.

This study has been conducted to determine the effect of life-skills training on the stress of mothers who have children with and without mental retardation (MR) Mobarak-e, Isfahan. 60 mothers of MR children (out of 465 mothers), and 60 mothers of normal children (out of 13426 mothers) were randomly selected and assigned into two experimental and control groups. Through a quasi-experimental design, four groups were used. So that, 6o mothers of MR children were randomly divided into two groups of 30, and 60 mothers of normal children were randomly divided into two groups of 30. All groups were pre-tested. In the pretest, demographic characteristics and the level of stress were measured by demographic the researcher- made questionnaire and the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress Friedrick Form, respectively. Then, experimental groups were exposed to UNISEF Life-Skills Training in 10 Stages (32 sessions) and control groups did not receive any training. Data was analysis through covariance. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the level of mothers stress in the experimental groups (P<0.01). The results also displayed no significant difference in the level of mothers stress with MR and normal children. This study concludes that life-skills training can decrease the stress of mothers who have children with MR.