جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « lipman » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

The purpose of this paper is to study the ontological foundations of Merleau-Ponty’s and Lipman’s approaches in order to develop an integrated model in the Philosophy for Children program. The main research questions are: what are the ontological foundations of Merleau-Ponty’s and Lipman’s approaches and, on this basis, what is the integrated model of the two approaches in the philosophy for children program? In this paper, in identifying the ontological foundations, the analytical-inferential research method has been used, and in presenting the integrated model, the integration composition research method has been used. The results indicate similarities and differences between the Merleau-Ponty’s and Lipman’s approaches. Given the basic commonalities in the ontological foundations and the emphasis on the importance of childhood and its impact on adulthood in the two approaches, by eliminating disparate elements and overlapping commonalities through necessary corrections, a combination of the two approaches can be used to improve the philosophy for children program.

The main goal of this research is comparing Motahari’s approach to goals of education, which is based on Islamic education, and Lipman’s approach to the theory of “Philosophy for Children”, which is based on reflective education. To achieve this goal, first the approaches of both scholars about the research subject were extracted from library sources; then, they were compared based on the descriptive-inductive method. Both Motahari and Lipman, emphasize on reflection, thinking, rational education and reasonableness as the goals of education, but not as ultimate goals; rather, they consider them as preliminary goals to achieve the more superior  goal. Motahari believes that the ultimate goal of education is reaching the degree of God’s servitude and obtaining the spiritual degrees, which is presented under the Islamic value system; While the most important goal of “Philosophy for Children”, is teaching the children and juveniles to attain a better and more qualified life and become civilized and democrat citizens.
The results of this research show that although we can find some educational similarities between Motahari and Lipman, because of their influence from different value and anthropological systems, their approaches to ultimate goal of education are different.

The present research aims at studying the contents of Mathnavi stories based on Lipman's view about the components of philosophical thinking. To achieve this goal, the researchers have tried to extract and organize the components of philosophical thinking from Lipman’s works using the inductive content analysis method.
After studying Lipman’s works, the dimensions of philosophical thinking were divided into three categories of critical, creative and caring thinking. In the second part, using the deductive method of content analysis and based on the theoretical framework provided in the first part, the components of philosophical thinking were identified and analyzed in two stories of Mathnavi.
The Findings show that both stories, because of containing components in various aspects of philosophical thinking, can well develop this kind of thinking. After analyzing the stories, In order to be used in community of inquiry, was an educational guide was developed for each in two parts of discussion and practical activity, wherein questions and exercises related to the content of the stories and their components are suggested.

Philosophy for children was globally introduced by Lipman in 1970, and was shortly afterward welcomed by official and non-official centers of education in various countries. Since then, Lipman’s philosophy for children (PFC) has been localized in accordance with cultural and environmental conditions of various countries. In Iran, however, the process of localization of PFC was somehow slow and in some cases lacks consistency with religious and Quranic foundations. Thus, the present article tries to consider the Islamic culture extracted from the Quran and offer a reproductive approach to introducing a local PFC for Iran.
To do so, we used descriptive phenomenology and analyzed the data using Colaizzi method. The research data were classified into eight general sections that present the parameters of “reminding thinking” for children: (1) goals; (2) typology of thinking and the related attributes; (3) class name; (4) enacting laws; (5) class structure; (6) presenting intellectual content; (7) subject of thinking; and (8) the role and executive devices of the educator of PFC.

The aim of this research is to compare philosophical thinking components in the humorous stories of the ancient and contemporary Persian literature. In order to achieve this goal, a story from Masnavi and a story from Tanz va Shukhtabei Mulla Nasreddin were selected and analyzed. The criterion of comparison was Lipman's view about philosophical thinking components. These components were chozen from Lipman's works and were divided into three categories of critical, creative and caring thinking. In the second part, by using the deductive method and based on the theoretical framework provided in the first part, components of philosophical thinking were identified and analyzed in the the stories. The findings show that the selected story from Masnavi (The Fox and the Donkey in front of the Lion) is richer in the aspect of critical thinking and the two components of creative and caring thinking, being at the margin, make the story more powerful. As for the selected story of Tanz va Shukhtabei Molla Nasreddin (Bozorge Shahr), it is rich with regard to the creative and caring thinking. It provides a suitable platform for philosophical thinking because of the components of independence, innovation, testing, amazement, imagination, active and normative thinking. So, the two stories because of the components of philosophical thinking, are suitable for preparing this kind of thinking and they can be used in community of inquiry.

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the educational ideas of Piajet and Lipman، with emphasis on philosophy of education programs for children. In the late 1960s in USA، Matthew Lipman، the professor of Montclair university، designed and presented a program as philosophy for children that based on the best time to shape thinking skills is in child and with through reflection-based methods. This view by emphasizing on the assumption that if the child''s mind engaged with philosophical topics، we can bring up their ways of thinking. Was against Piaget''s view. Piajet''s main presupposition is that the development of children argument and thinking abilities is a natural process، so any attempt to accelerate it is false and time killing and when people arriving at nearly 12 of formal operations can think about abstract issues. The result is both are emphasized on necessity and centrality of teaching thinking، with the difference that the start time of training isn''t same. The result is both emphasized to necessity on teaching thinking. So both are trying to design and present training programs fits with intellectual and mental abilities.