جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « participation » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

Given the importance of the Fundamental Educational Reform Document (FERD) it was deemed necessary to design a participation model in order to facilitate the operationalization of the FERD’s leadership and administration subsection. To this end, initially 8 experts in education at the ministerial level with research background, and 22 provincial experts who were members of the FERD implementation board were interviewed and based on the collected data the participation model with 6 dimensions, 17 constituents, and 61 indices was constructed. The dimensions are areas of participation, basis of participation, level of participation, form of participation, extent of participation, and degree of participation. Thus, the model can serve as a guide for high school principals who are interested in benefitting from collective wisdom which results from both internally and externally initiated participation.

Today, the position of the school as a formal educational institution has changed compared to the past. Today’s schools are open spaces and social entities mutually related to community and relevant institutions,This article is extracted from the quantitative part of the dissertation titled “Developing and Validating the Model of School as the Neighborhood Educational Center”. The article related to the qualitative part (developing the model of the school as the neighborhood educational center) has already been introduced and presented.research

This study is applied research concerning research objectives and an exploratory mixed project regarding its type. The qualitative step was according to the grounded theory method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 24 experts and professionals in educational management, followed by data analysis in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. As a result, the model of school as the neighborhood educational center was developed in six categories of causal conditions, axial phenomenon (school as the neighborhood educational center), mediating conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. The quantitative step used the descriptive-survey method to validate the proposed model. The data collection tool at this step was a researcher-made questionnaire completed by 41 principals, teachers, and deputy principals (experts in executive and educational positions) in different regions of Tehran and also University professors, selected through purposive-judgmental sampling. The relationships between research variables were investigated by path analysis/structural equation modeling, using Smart PLS software.

According to the results, causal conditions affected the main factors positively and significantly. Also, the main and intervening factors influenced strategies significantly and positively. However, underlying factors did not affect strategies significantly. The results also confirmed positive and significant effects of strategies on consequences.

To change the schools into the neighborhood educational centers, it is necessary to consider the position of schools,, seek to change community attitudes towards the educational role of school through the media, appoint school principals based on meritocracy, review rules and regulations, emphasize school-centeredness, and increase school authority.

The Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the most vital organization in achieving sustainable security in the society, and its role in the development process of other organizations is very important and determines the speed of achieving their goals. In order to achieve these conditions, we need to design a model of codified and authentic local defense policies. Currently, one of the most important challenges in this field, which has caused the objectives set in the plans and policies of the science and technology field in the armed forces to not be fully realized, is the lack of clear limits of the duties and authorities of the employees, parallel work and redundancies, and the lack of participation of the employees. . Currently, there is no model that shows the promotion of employee participation in defense policies. For this purpose, this research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of the model of promoting employee participation in defense policies. To achieve this goal, a case study and a qualitative research method were used with the foundation data strategy. The statistical population of the research included all commanders, managers, and academic and executive experts who were studied using snowball sampling, including 6 academic experts and 10 commanders. The data collection method was field and the data collection tools were library studies and semi-structured interviews. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, two methods of review of participants and review of non-participating experts were used in the research. Data analysis during three stages, open coding, central coding and selective coding, which indicates 106 general categories. The findings of the research showed that the obtained model can be used as a scientific and basic theoretical model to promote employee participation in defense policies

The Main Purpose of this Study Was to design and Validate a School-oriented management model with focus on national culture. The method of this  research is in the category of applied resrarch from the point of view of the goal and in the group of sequential exploratory research in terms of its nature. The statistical population in the qualitative part consisted of senior staff in the head office, master holders working in the central education building, university and higher education centers professors, within Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province and with sufficient experiences and related degrees. Targeted sampling was carried out through theoreetical saturation, while the key providers comprising 23members of the target population. In the quantitative part, the population included the educational assistants of the general departments of education in the provinces of the country, as well as the principals of independent schools of primary, secondary and technical and vocational conservatories, and the experts of the Department of Education of Boyer Ahmad city, who were randomly sampled. And they were selected by stratified random sampling and a total of 227 people were selected as samples. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done using confirmatory factor analysis method through SPSS 26 and SMARTPLS 3 software. Validity of the questionnaire was done by means of content validity and modification by experts. Qualitative validation of the research was considered as a qualitative paradigm based on four criteria: Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and Confirmability. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha as 87.07%, then the fit of the model was checked and confirmed. The findings in the qualitative section include 14 organizing themes under the headings; School perspective, national strategic teachings, student perspective, psychological standards of students, democratic approach of headquarters (ministry), teacher authority, professionalism and specialization, sharing, strategic organizations , the acceptance of the role of parents, the acceptance of the role of organizations and institutions, accountability and comprehensive monitoring, honoring employees and avoiding deviations and wrong tracks revealed, which were initially 531 basic themes, and 85 basic themes upon strict reviewing. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were used to analyze the data in the quantitative section.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of green marketing mixes and mental image on the intention of students to return to sport Olympiads. The research method was correlation with the structural equation model approach. The statistical population included all managers, physical education teachers and high school students in Tehran, 331 of them selected as a sample by random-cluster method. To collect data from 3 questionnaires Ranaei Green Marketing (2012), the mental image of Boo et al (2009) and intention to return Mohammadi (2017) were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.806, 0.856 and 0.800, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze. It was found that the green marketing mixes and mental image had a significant positive effect on students 'intention to return to Olympiads and green marketing mixes had a significant positive effect on students' mental image. The results emphasize the need to improve the quality of the Olympiad by moving towards green sport services, green advertising, environmentally friendly sport fields, mental image creating environmental attitudes and suitable environmental space for maximum participation of students in sport Olympiads.

Psychological capital can be improved through educational interventions, but its improvement through learning empowerment has received less attention. The purpose of this research was to explain the lived experiences of school principals in improving the psychological capital of female high school students through learning empowerment. This study was based on a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenology method, with the study of 23 participants from among the principals of secondary schools for girls in the second year of secondary school in Tabriz city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling and 23 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached. the data analysis was done based on the seven-step strategy of Colaizzi. the findings show that the managers' lived experience of improving the psychological capital of female high school students through empowering learning in 3 themes and 23 sub-themes including: improving skills (self-confidence, self-esteem, self-development, self-leadership, self-regulation, self-evaluation, absorbing feedback, study skills, life skills), raising awareness and supportive learning atmosphere (counseling, psychological training, opportunities for interpersonal interactions in the classroom, positive classroom climate, independent learning, improving the quality of learning, need-based learning process, synergy in learning, meaningful learning), participation in class and school (participation in classroom management, participation in school management, team learning, team innovation, collective activities) can be categorized. It can be concluded that empowering learning through creating positive cognitive models in students provides improvement of their psychological capital.

The present research has aimed to prioritize ways to develop trans-sectional participations in student sports using the Delphi method, fuzzy screening, and interpretative structural modeling. This research has taken an applied approach regarding the objective, while in regard to data collection, a descriptive approach of the survey kind has been used. To carry out the research, 23 approaches for the development of trans-sectional participations in student sports were extracted by means of the qualitative Delphi method and by using the existing literature as well as 15 interviews made with authorities.  Using fuzzy screening, 22 approaches approved of by authorities were extracted. Then, using interpretive structural modeling, the correlations between the approaches for the development of participation were determined and analyzed in an integrated fashion. Eventually, MICMAC analysis was used in order to cluster the approaches, the results of which pointed out that the three approaches which prove to be the most influential one when it comes to developing trans-sectional participations in student sports are: providing formal infrastructures for participation at macro, organizational and local levels, defining and clarifying macro-level participation in order to create conditions for encouragement, facilitation and support, and setting up a physical education deputy in the structure of offices in charge of education. Therefore, the favorable trans-sectional participations in student sports requires all of the above-mentioned infrastructures to be provided, which is possible if all groups get involved.

The most important effects of green spaces in cities are their environmental functions, which are created by a balance in the metabolism of the city and raising the level of beauty that leads to the increase of biological qualities of cities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the views, awareness, and participation of citizens regarding the development and impact of urban green space in the city of Ahvaz. The research method was conducted in the form of distribution and completion of a questionnaire with multiple choice questions for 4 consecutive weeks. The sampling method was cluster random and the statistical population was considered to be people over 18 years. After completing the questionnaire, the available information was entered into the computer using SPSS22. Pearson's correlation coefficient, T-test, chi-square, F-test, LSD, Duncan's test, and analysis of variance were used. The results showed that the relationship between the independent variables, including gender, level of education, age, and occupation, with the view index, is significant at the 1% level. The assumption of the equality of mean in the view index between men and women was rejected with 95% certainty. View index in the educational and occupational categories was significant at the level of 5%. Also, there was a significant relationship between the age of the respondents and their views. Therefore, with the increase in age, educational and occupational level, their view on the importance of green space development increases. The relationship between age, gender, education, and occupation of the respondents with awareness index was significant at 0.05 level. While none of the variables had a significant relationship with the participation index.

Abjective: In the twenty-first century, school leadership and management continue to evolve and develop. One of the most striking developments is the way in which schools are learning – for a variety of reasons – to work with each other, collaborating in a number of areas. The purpose of this study is to discover and reflect the experiences of school community members from different types of innovative and undiscovered situations of "school to school collaboration" that have been useful in leading and managing schools and students' educational achievement.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method with a situation analysis model. The research field was education in Kurdistan province and the potential participants in the research were members of the school community (principals, deputies, teachers, members of the Parents and Teachers Association, etc.) who were present in situations of cooperation and collaboration between experienced schools. Therefore, 33 people were purposefully and critically invited to actively participate in the research. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview protocol. In order to analyze the data obtained from the interview, coding (open, axial and selective) was used. In addition, by analyzing different types of inter-school Collaboration and by examining human and inhuman components, individual and collective factors, discourse structures and cultural, social, economic, spatial and temporal components, the position is depicted. Finally, maps of the situation, social worlds/arenas and the position were drawn and analyzed as stages of the level analysis situation. In the present study, to increase the validity and reliability of the research, strategies such as long and active participation of the researcher in the research field, using voice recorders and taking notes to record data, searching for inconsistent evidence and obtaining feedback from participants after data coding were used.Discussion &

The findings of the study showed that the logic of forming various structures of inter-school Collaboration in most cases is to improve the situation of students, eliminate educational injustice, synergy, share resources and expertise and improve all educational indicators and it is nurtured in schools. All members of the school community, especially principals, play an important role in inter-school collaboration situations. If members of the school community have sufficient motivation to Collaboration between schools, with a common goal, common interests and by delegating authority in schools, they can progress by exchanging experiences in various fields and transferring educational facilities and equipment help to the development of your schools.

The present paper seeks to design the pattern of educational policy in educating the country, emphasizing the family institution, was based on the 'data' qualitative method based on the 'interview' tool. The research community of the research, experts and specialists in the field of educational policy and family , were among them 15 people with theoretical saturation and in the form of targeted sampling and bullet were chosen. The findings of this study indicate that the design of educational policy model with emphasis on family institution is based on the central phenomenon of 'multidimensional participatory policy' in the scientific dimensions of process, intellectual and financial, which causes causal factors such as 'redefineration of the role of stakeholders in education' and Field conditions such as transformation in the existing situation based on 'structural-organizational developments,' 'adoption of the rules and regulations of participation' and 'alignment of family and educational system' are the basis of its that of course, this should not be neglected by the influence of intervention factors such as family, cultural, political and managerial barriers that are largely restrictive of the participation of the family institution. However, what is certain is that the actions of 'management strategies', as well as 'prediction of communication mechanisms and the exchange between family institution and education institution,' can make participatory education policy that consequences in organizational levels (improve the functions of the educational system) and League (individual and social development) will lead to.

Effective management in higher education must be done with the participation and cooperation of all stakeholders. Participatory governance is one of the approaches that has been presented to the management of academic institutions by focusing on the participation and involvement of its all stakeholders. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive classification of the components of the achievements and functions of participatory governance in the higher education system by using the meta-synthesis method. The present study is qualitative and has been conducted in the paradigm of interpretiveness with the aim of exploring the components of the functions and achievements of participatory governance in higher education. Also, data collection is cross-sectional in terms of research time. In the current research, by collecting information from reliable scientific databases and refining it, 100 articles were selected as the main articles for extracting findings. By analyzing the findings, it has been obtained that the functions and achievements of participatory governance in higher education can be divided into 6 categories: 1- promoting coordination, cohesion and integration 2- strengthening communication, building trust and increasing participation and decentralization in decision making 3- increasing efficiency and effectiveness (through cooperation) 4- increasing learning and free access to information to help facilitating the implementation of the policies 5- increasing accountability and transparency and reducing the differences and 6- increasing commitment and sense of responsibility.

The presence and active participation of the people is a prerequisite for achieving development, especially cultural development. The police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran has also tried to provide grounds for social participation in executive affairs related to cultural development by organizing and employing part of the people in the form of honorary police. The current research seeks to explain the issue of what roles and methods the honorary police can play in the development of cultural affairs related to the police. Therefore, the present research was carried out with the aim of explaining the methods of participation of the honorary police in cultural development in the group of special police command of West Tehran.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research and in terms of its nature it is considered as a descriptive study, which was carried out with a survey method. The statistical population of this research includes all the employees of the Special Police Command in the west of Tehran province, who have engaged in police activities in the recruitment and employment of honorary police officers at the provincial level, and the number of 264 people has been calculated as the sample size. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of professors and elites, and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.88. The obtained data are reviewed and presented using statistical software in two descriptive and analytical forms.

The findings of the research showed that the average of all the indicators related to the cooperative performance of the honorary police in cultural development, except for the index of "Calling for the deeds and forbidding the evil" is higher than the average. Also, the examination of the average total indicators of participation in cultural development by the honorary police of the special police command of West Tehran showed that the upper limit of this range was more than 3 and the participatory performance of the honorary police in cultural development was higher than the average. Examining the average collaborative performance of the honorary police in the subordinate cities of the province also indicates the difference in the overall performance of the honorary police officers in different cities.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying parents' experiences of teaching in virtual space. The research method was qualitative with phenomenology. The researched community was all the parents of Kermanshah city. The sampling method was semi-structured interview.The results showed that the parents' definitions and characteristics of this type of education include: lack of time and place limitations, education by multimedia, increase in media literacy, lack of interaction and reduction of social communication, reduction of motivation and social responsibility, and affordable education. presented and stated that each of them helped their children according to their abilities, these abilities included: supervision and care of children, cooperation of parents with teachers, cooperation and guidance in the process of education and teaching, attendance at familiarization courses With virtual training. They presented experiences from their participation in this era, including: increasing parents' awareness of the education process, the challenge of students' dependence on technology, students' dependence on their parents, and involvement in the students' development process, which finally emphasized that disability Parents in virtual education cause things including: socio-moral problems, creating family problems and academic failure.The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying parents' experiences of teaching in virtual space. The research method was qualitative with phenomenology. The researched community was all the parents of Kermanshah city. The sampling method was semi-structured interview.The results showed that the parents' definitions and characteristics of this type of education include: lack of time and place limitations, education by multimedia, increase in media literacy, lack of interaction and reduction of social communication, reduction of motivation and social responsibility, and affordable education. presented and stated that each of them helped their children according to their abilities, these abilities included: supervision and care of children, cooperation of parents with teachers, cooperation and guidance in the process of education and teaching, attendance at familiarization courses With virtual training.

The purpose of this study is to enumerate a set of factors that affect students' participation in scientific olympiads. Turning to the above goal, the theoretical framework of the problem was explored at the micro and messo levels and their interaction with each other was examined.

In this research, survey method and questionnaire were used. The statistical technique used in this method was diagnostic analysis. In order to calculate the validity of the questionnaire tool, face validity was used and to calculate its reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. The sample selection method was purposeful and in order to compare between the two sets of cases (participants and non-participants) the homogeneity statistical population was selected and 384 samples were studied based on the scientific method of sampling.

This study, which sought to obtain a function to determine the importance of each independent variable in distinguishing groups from each other, was able to identify significant differences between the two groups and, based on the distinction made in the independent variables, predict that Participants in the Olympiad are different from non-participants in independent variables.The results showed that the variables of school educational quality, parents' economic and social status, school olympiad atmosphere, student evaluation system, his ability and ability as well as parents' encouragement were able to predict students' membership in two groups of participants / non-participants

According to the obtained results, it can be said that the experimental findings are a kind of indicative of the theoretical framework of the research. In other words, several factors affect the participation / non-participation of students in this scientific competition at the micro and intermediate levels. Factors that start with the quality of the actors and include school and family support at the institutional level

Today, the issue of education in the world has become an important issue for sustainable development In the meantime; experts consider the main axis of this development to be the continuous participation of organizations and institutions with education. The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of participation of organizations and institutions with the country's education system. The present study was a developmental research in terms of purpose and a qualitative research in terms of research design. In this study, the Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate the studies and create comprehensive and interpretive findings. In this study, Persian and Latin articles and books related to the field of education, especially participation in education, were selected and reviewed between 2000 and 2020. After summarizing and reviewing 29 articles, they were analyzed. Finally, the results of the analysis, after examining the primary and secondary categories, identified 10 general methods of participation in education Including: Participation in technology development, Participation in research and development, Participation in human resources, Participation in relation to the environment, Participation in evaluation, Participation in implementation, Participation in planning, Participation in Accountability, Financial partnership, Information participation.Therefore, according to the dimensions identified in the present study, it is necessary for managers and officials in each organization to identify how they participate in education and thus play their part in this organization.

The aim of this study was to "validate the dimensions, components and indicators of school participation in the implementation of the leadership and management of the document of fundamental change in education". The research in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data is exploratory mixed and in terms of nature and type of study, is based on data theory and cross-sectional survey method. In this regard, after identifying and emphasizing the dimensions, components and indicators in the qualitative sector, finally 61 indicators in the form of 17 components and 6 dimensions through the statistical population of the research in a quantitative stage that includes 400 high school principals in Tehran, a statistical sample of 196 people (138 female managers and 58 male managers) was validated, who were selected through stratified random sampling and completed the questionnaire. Based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis, 61 indicators of this research were approved in the form of 6 dimensions of participation area: basis of participation, level of participation, form of participation, limits of participation and degree of participation. Therefore, according to the results of the research, the present model can be used as a guide for high   school principals in order to implement programs under the leadership and management of the document of fundamental change in education to act in the decision-making process using collective wisdom and public participation. And consider participation in all aspects of the educational environment Therefore, according to the results of the research, the present model can be used as a guide for high school principals in order to implement programs under the leadership and management of the document of fundamental change in education to act in the decision-making process using collective wisdom and public participation. And consider participation in all aspects of the educational environment.IntroductionThe document of fundamental change of education is considered as one of the most valid upstream documents in the Ministry of Education. This document was approved in 2011 with 23 operational goals and 131 strategies seeks to create a fundamental change in the education system based on the philosophy of Islamic education. A fundamental issue, especially a decade after the adoption of the document, is facing experts and researchers in the field of education, review and pathology of the implementation of the document of fundamental change. At present, several programs have been developed under the operational objectives of the document and its solutions in the form of six sub-systems (provincial, provincial and school areas) And the school must implement its split-share programs, which are listed in six subsystems. However, the outcome of the school share programs in the six subsystems does not have the necessary inclusion and effectiveness as a school transformation program at the level of the transformation document and is only a heavy burden on the school. This is while the transformation document should be implemented in the school and its executive crystallization should be reflected in the executive regulations of the schools (Bayat, et al,2020). Undoubtedly, management, fundamental change in education must be done very intelligently and consciously to have the highest efficiency and effectiveness in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. This management depends on specific mechanisms and requirements and should be able to use all facilities and opportunities to transform existing education into desirable education(Navid,2012). Despite the document's emphasis on public participation in education, the exact concept of "participation" and the ways in which it operates in schools have not been provided. Therefore, it encouraged the researcher to define this word precisely from the perspective of the authors of the document and other theorists, as well as the strategies for making it operational at the school level. MethodThe research questions are as follows:1.What are the dimensions, components and constructive indicators of the school participation model for the implementation of the leadership sub-system of the document of fundamental change in education?2. Are the dimensions, components and indicators valid enough?Statistical population According to the information received from the Statistics and Information Center of the Deputy Minister of Secondary Education of the Ministry of Education, there are 400 principals of public secondary schools in Tehran. According to Morgan table, 196 managers were selected as a sample and based on the sampling method classified according to volume. This study is practical in terms of purpose, considering that it seeks to improve the participation of schools to implement the document of fundamental change in the country's education.The method of this research is an exploratory mix (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of data. In the present study, in order to identify and confirm the measurement factors, the validity of this questionnaire was tested separately for each dimension by confirmatory factor analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to confirm the normality of the population. It shows that the obtained (K-S) is not significant and this indicates that the distribution is normal. Measuring tool: A multivariate researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative section was used to measure the variables of the foundation data model. This questionnaire has been approved by experts with the help of Delphi technique (in 2 stages). The validity of the mentioned instrument (questionnaire) was done through Cronbach's alpha and its validity was done through content and confirmation validity. Confirmatory content validity (CVR) has been used to examine the dimensions’ identification questionnaire, components of school participation. The total validity of the questionnaire is equal to 0.85 and because it is more than 0.7, it can be said that the questionnaire has a high validity.FindingsDuring the selective coding, 6 dimensions, 17 components and 61 indicators of school participation for the implementation of the leadership subsystem and management of the document of fundamental change in education were approved, and these results are presented in the table.Dimensions of participation in schools in order to implement the leadership and management subsystem of the document of fundamental change in education with the help of selective coding in the form of data theory of the foundation under six headings: "participation area, participation basis, participation level, participation form, participation limits and degree of participation" has been achieved.

The purpose of this study was to explain the place of participation in education super ordinate documents and to examine the compatibility of these documents around the issue of participation in education. The lack of coordination of education programs on the issue of participation and their constant change can be rooted in the interpretability or silence of education documents. Accordingly, studying and analyzing the documents of education system as the main source and orienting educational decisions can lead to recognizing the position of participation of contributing and effective factors in education; and explaining how to integrate and adapt the orientation of documents around concept of participation.

The research method was document analysis and the technique used to analyze the collected data was content analysis.Documents examined include the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, general education transformation policies, theoretical foundations of the educational transformation document (philosophy of education, philosophy of formal and public education, guideline), fundamental education reform document, national curriculum, map of country's scientific comprehensive and the Sixth Development Plan Act.

The findings showed that participation status can be categorized into seven categories: foundations, principles, necessity, driving policies, requirements, areas and factors and models of participation. Theoretical conflict, ambiguity, silence on some dimensions and overcoming one-dimensional views on participation, unsupported policies on participation, and lack of general policies across other documents; It has been revised and made necessary in some documents, such as the document of fundamental change and its theoretical foundations. In the issue of the principles governing participation, there are contradictory statements in the super ordinate documents that contradict each other. the principle of cost-benefit analysis is inconsistent with the primacy of educational materials in politics, and in many cases leads to conflict. Although various dimensions of participation has been highlighted in the theoretical principles, the economic aspect of participation prevails to the other aspects of partnership to the extent that the position of documents moves away from the big level and gets closer to the practical realm. The lack of a clear explanation of participation in other aspects, such as professional and specialized aspects, parents or councils, and conversely, the availability of clear models of global experiences of participation in the economic sector and imitating them has overwhelmed the one-dimensional view of participation endangering the integrity of the documents on the subject of the participation since there is no comprehensive model for participation. it seems that the super ordinate documents should define a boundary between the sovereignty and nontransferable sectors and the incumbency and transferable sectors. But the theoretical ambiguity and confusion of the position of the documents in the objective division of these tasks is evident. the main problem that has undermined the position of participation in super ordinate education documents is the lack of an indigenous paradigm for participation, and at the same time the propositional and austere use of liberal models of participation in education. This leads us to revise models of participation and to formulate an indigenous model for participation. Without an indigenous and religious-based model for participation, it will be very likely to be influenced by liberal models and these models will not lead us to Islamic justice.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of phenomenological analysis of the factors affecting the improvement of public participation in school sports. The present study was one of the qualitative researches that was conducted in the field. The qualitative method used in the present study was phenomenological. Participants in the present study included individuals who participated voluntarily in school sports. Participants in this study were sampled using purposive sampling and homogeneous sampling selection approach and at the same time with maximum diversity. This issue was formed until the theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 15 interviews were conducted in this regard. The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis was used. The results showed that there are 4 main themes and 16 sub-themes. According to the results of the present study, the factors affecting the improvement of public participation in school sports were identified in 4 sections, including individual aspects, socio-cultural issues, and management issues and sports facts. In other words, paying attention to the identified factors can provide the basis for improving public participation in school sports.n other words, paying attention to the identified factors can provide the basis for improving public participation in school sports.

The present study was conducted with the aim of extracting the basics and objectives of creative and critical thinking skills training curriculum. this research, a qualitative approach and a qualitative content analysis method were used. The statistical sample consisted of 12 experts and specialists in educational sciences and psychology who were selected by targeted sampling method. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview. Analytical quality content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. First, the basics of the thinking skills training curriculum were divided into three sections: philosophical and value principles, psychological foundations, and sociological foundations. In all three sections, the main categories were extracted according to the opinion of experts. In the section on philosophical and value principles, the main categories were the emphasis on formal and public education, the emphasis on the values ​​of thinking, and the emphasis on the merits of thinking. The main categories for psychological foundations were the emphasis on the dimension of rationality, the application of the emotional, social dimension, and attention to participation and collaboration. Ultimately, the main categories chosen for sociological foundations were holistic, social, and self-critical criticism. For the appropriate purposes of teaching creative and critical thinking, based on the opinions of experts, the two main categories of intrapersonal skills and extrapersonal skills were selected. In the category of intrapersonal skills, principles such as technical skills, problem-solving skills and ethical skills, and in the category of extra-individual skills, the principles of emotional adequacy, cognitive adequacy and social adequacy were extracted.