جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « معرفت شناسی دینی » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

“Moral motivation” is one of the most important and widely used concepts in moral philosophy. Moral motivation is in close relation with two key terms in moral philosophy, i.e. “reasons for action” and “moral judgment”. People often do their actions for reasons, and motivational reasons are one of those reasons. People also make moral judgments, and “motivation” is what links judgments to actions. Philosophers of action agree that the agent must be motivated to do the action. A dominant theory among philosopher, known as “Humean theory”, considers two psychological states of “desire” and “belief” to be effective in motivating an agent to act. According to the “Humean theory” of motivation, “desire” is an intrinsically motivational state, with a world- to- mind direction of fit, and “belief” is an intrinsically cognitive state, with a mind- to- world direction of the fit. Some moral philosophers deny the generality of Humean theory and consider at least some of our moral beliefs to be cognitive-motivational, with both two directions of fit. The view of the recent philosophers, in my mind, has the merit of being apply to religious beliefs as well. In this case, at least some of our religious beliefs and the statements expressing them should have both two directions of fit. Accepting this view, accordingly, will help us to lead to new and two-faceted approaches to religious epistemology and religious language.

If one considers discernment as wisdom and awareness, then religious discernment can be referred to as wisdom in accompany with belief and inner faith, which leads mankind to lead a proper life. In religious and Qurani doctrines, the issue of discernment is underscored several times, and Muslims are always instructed to achieve discernment and wisdom. Martyr Motahari, as the one who devoted his life to defending discernment and has always stressed the issue of religious discernment and refers to it as a prerequisite for mankind’s flourish and attainment. While stressing the ways of acquiring discernment, Martyr Motahari reviews the damages and its impediments; afterwards makes efforts to lead and instruct Muslims to reach discernment. In his view, it is quite necessary to use religious discernment in cases like “persuading people to do good things and preventing them from bad things”, settling down disturbances, making distinction between right and wrong, ideological wars and constituting revolutions, reaching attainment and flourish and developing targets. He always stresses that mankind’s esprit can reach attainment through religious discernment. The present piece of writing while trying to investigate the concept of discernment and religious cognition looks at religious discernment from Martyr Motahari’s view.