جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رضاشاه » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

The purpose of this study was to recognize the characteristics of the exile of the opponents of the triple policies of of the Conscription, the Unity of Clothes and the Unveiling during the first Pahlavi era, including the choice of the exile place of exile and the recognition of the social groups of the exiles.  

 Method and Research Design: 

This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and with the help of archival documents and archival sources.

During the first Pahlavi era, the criteria of differences in climate, religion and beliefs and the type of exile activity were considered for the choice of exile. But in the case of exiles who oppose the Conscription, the union of clothing and the Unveiling, these criteria have not been observed. This kind of exile has a punitive and warning aspect. Its duration was short, and exile with exile remorse ends. Journalists, Communist Activists, landlords, tribes and nomads accepted the Unity of Clothes and the Unveiling. The unity of clothing and the Unveiling was not a problem for the tribes during this period, But it was the local people's problem, especially the inhabitants of the religious cities, and for this reason the most exiles were from the cities of Khorasan, Qom, Yazd and Kerman. The results of this research Demonstrates that the reaction of opponents to the policies of modernization towards exile does not show the same pattern; some of the popular groups ended their exile by writing a reprimand, But there is no sign of remorse among the exiled clerics who were "imprisoned in exile" during the reaction to the the Unity of Clothes in Tehran. The analysis of the content of these people's exiled writings, in the form of poetry, prose and memorials on the walls of the Prison of the remaining palaces, tells about the comparison of their prison with the prison of Imam Musa bin Ja'far, and there is no sign of regret from their actions. Finally, it can be concluded that the government, using the means of exile, was able to pursue these policies and, therefore, the deportation tools were effective in implementing these policies, in contrast to the exile of the tribes and nomads.

With the beginning of modernism and its spread among Iranian society during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many institutions of Iranian society changed. These institutions, which have historically been formed with the participation of the institution of tradition and religion, have been threatened by modern concepts. This threat, in many cases, led to a confrontation between tradition and modernism.

Method and Research Design: 

One of the most influential institutions of the Iranian society was the institution of health, which was formed based on a combination of temperament medicine, folk medicine and with a religious color and smell, throughout history. After the arrival of modernism in Iran, this powerful social institution was severely exposed to the effects of new scientific insights and many of its beliefs were questioned.This research, relying on one of the concepts of medical sociology under the title of "medicalization", has analyzed this confrontation.

 It has also examined the impact of medicalization on religion in Iran. The results of this research show that, for several decades, the cultural atmosphere of the society was influenced by health concepts. In the process of medicalization, the institution of religion handed over many areas of social influence to the institution of medicine.

to investigate and analyze why, how and identify the main approaches in holding the Ferdowsi Millennium ceremony in the most important capitals and cities of the world based on the documents and sources related to this period, along with the analysis of the results of the said ceremony at the global level.

The present article is written with a historical method and with a descriptive and analytical method and with the use of archival documents and library resources.

The Pahlavi government tried to provide an international image for its sovereignty through the celebration of Ferdowsi's millennium ceremony in the countries of the world and in this way increase its national prestige in other countries of the world, and at the same time, with the help of this ceremony, an image to display an efficient governance and show itself as the cause of the country's progress.

This paper questions how the Iranian government formulated the issue of Bahrain. Was Bahrain itself an "issue" or was it merely seen as a "tool" to gain concessions from Britain?

Data for this paper is obtained from archival documents held at the British Foreign Office.

The issue of Bahrain and its separation from Iran was an important issue between Iran and Britain. The British hoped for a solution increased with Reza Shah reconciliatory approach to the problem. However, the negotiation lasted more than five years. Expecting the support of the Soviet Union and the League of Nations in vain, the talks failed to resolve the issue. The British remained indifferent to various plans offered by Abdolhossein Teymourtash, Reza Shah's representative. Findings show that with the strong resistance of the United Kingdom in recognizing Iran's sovereignty over Bahrain and the British actions to gain oil concessions (revision of the Darcy contract), finally, Iran's policy tended to gain concessions against the transfer of Bahrain.

To review the efforts of the German government in the construction of the Iranian railway in the Qajarid era. Also, the role of German companies in the construction of Iran cross country railway and supplying the equipment during the time of Reza Shah is investigated.

Data was gathered from records held at in the Iranian archival centers, as well as Persian, English, German, and Danish library materials.

Despite the increasing presence of the Germans in the political sphere of Iran in the second half of the Qajarid period, Russian and the British opposed the involvement of the Germans in construction of railway in Iran during WWI. In the first stage of the construction of the nation’s cross country railway during Reza Shah time, Germans left a successful record behind. However, as their American partners in the syndicate did not perform well in the southern part of the project, German companies stopped their operations. In the second and final stage, however, because of political turmoil in Germany and competition with the Compax consortium, only a small role was given to Germans. Germany had an outstanding role in the supply of equipment of the project. Eventually, the occupation of Iran by the Allied Forces in mid 1941put an end to their role.

Reza Shah's reign was a new stage in the advancement of women's status in Iran. The new government implemented a number of programs in line with the modernization and secularization, one being the establishment of teacher taining colleges (Daaneshsara) to provide training female teachers. Such initiatives played a significant role in promoting the status of women. 

Method and Research Design:

Analysis is based on data gathered from archival and library materials.

The establishment of girls' teacher training centers played a significant role in increasing women's literacy when graduates were recruited in newly extablished public schools. The initiative also provided an opportunity for woment to enter the public sphere, especially to the government departments and research centers. However, at the early stages this was mainly limited to the upper class memebers.

The paper examines the reasons for dissatisfaction with the enforcement of Clothing Conformity Act and its impact on affected groups and persons.
Method/Research Design: Parliamentary transaction records as well as library and archival resources were analyzed to draw conclusions.
Findings: The Clothing Conformity Act caused widespread concerns among citizens, mainly due to endangering their employment or loss of business. Concerns about identity, religious beliefs, and social status were also widespread.

Bikarz, a small and less-known town in the province of Fars, is the subject of a series of British official documents released as part of the collection of Administration Reports of the Persian Gulf. Reports date back to the 1930s, the time of Reza Shah Pahlavi. The series holds important information, in particular with regard to the oil industry and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The present paper examines these documents.
Method/Research Design: Archival documents and library resources are consulted to prepare this paper.
Finding: Reports emphasize the importance of the region for oil drilling. They cover the region from south to the north. Reports also show that the strong central government which Reza Shah established had successfully weakened the power of local tribes. The documents also show that the Anglo-Persian Oil Company had considerable influence on the social and economic developments of the region.

This study examines religious and cultural policies of Reza Shah (1925-1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah (1941-1979).
Method/ Research Design: Library resources were consulted to gather data for the analysis.
Findings and Religious and cultural policies in the Pahlavi era were influenced by Iranian intellectuals’ intention to modernize the nation by supporting an "enlightened dictatorship". Reza Shah's policy, therefore, was to promote modernization and to support a secular approach to religion. However, after establishing his authoritarian rule, Reza Shah exercised harsh censorship and social repression with little cultural creativity. During the reign of Mohammad Reza, after the fall of Reza Shah, and while the policy remained the same, during the occupation of Iran by allied forces he found the Shiite clerical establishment to be a potential ally to resist the danger of communism. However, after the death of Ayatollah Boroujerdi and a successful referendum for the so-called White Revolution reforms, the Shah did not need to continue his alliance with the religious establishment.

Reza Shah’s reign (1925-1941) was turning point in the modern history of Iran. After the consolidation of his power، he launched a policy of cracking down and forced re-ettlement of nomads to prevent future revolts. The policy included disarming، forced relocation and imposing a uniform dress. This paper looks into the economic consequences of the policy in Fars province in southeast Iran where the Ghashghaei tribe was dominant. Methodology / Approach: Evidence from primary sources held in the Iranian National Archives makes the basis for analysis. The forced settlement policy was not successful because the agents implementing it were not familiar with the nomads’ culture and morale. Despite the abolition of tribal livestock taxes by the National Legislative Assembly (the Majles)، military officers continued to levy the tax on settled people. As a result، widespread discontent led to a general uprising.

In recent centuries، one of the aims of western colonizers in Iran has been to attack religious and traditional values including «the hijab of women». The measure of Reza Shah against the hijab of women، imitating the western culture، was a tangible and harsh example of this cultural attack. Reza Shah claimed that if people wear unified clothes and Pahlavi hats and if their religious beliefs weaken، they will become civilized. On this basis، struggling against traditional and religious symbols such as traditional clothes and their wearing was a necessary measure. Reza Shah thought of “civilizing” Iran from the beginning of his reign. The unification of clothes in 1928 and the attire of the Shah''s family members and other symptoms confirmed this fact. Reza Shah''s trip to Turkey reinforced this viewpoint and after this trip، Reza Shah raised the issue of the freedom of women and of unveiling them. January 8، 1936 was the day in which Iran moved into the arena of “civilizing”. On this day the ban on hijab was publicly announced، and the spreading of this news aggravated social reactions including the Goharshad Mosque uprising. This paper aims to answer this question: what are the causes، background and consequences of the unveiling in Iran? The answer to this question is based on the assumption that due to the resistance of women and ulama in front of the regime، the ban of hijab was not successful in Iran.

The aim of conducting this research is to find out why and how the names of cities in Iran were changed as a “governmental planning” in the era of the first Pahlavi (Reza Shah). Methodology/Approach: This study has been compiled based on descriptive–scientific method and on the basis of governmental records، memories of politicians، journals and newspapers، and library resources. Findings/ Following the establishment of security in Iran، the government was responsible for modernization and reform in the country. Cities، as the focus point of modernism and a unified language، were seen as the most important key to unifying the nation. Aiming to confront anything that was non-Iranian، the names of streets، stores، the last name of individuals، names of tribes and even the name of the country were changed in order to bring about a change for the nation. Eradicating the bad memories of Iranian defeats - which had resulted in the imposition of the language and names of Turks، Mongols، and Arabs - topped the list of the government’s plans and the Geography Commission in the Language Academy became responsible for this task. More than 107 geographic names were coined and most of the changes happened in the Turk and Kurd regions. After Reza Shah the names changed back to their original form.