جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مرور نظام مند" در نشریات گروه "کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات"

One of the challenges that emerged and is expanding with the emergence of social networks and the growth of rhizome spaces in modern epistemology is information anxiety (Brown & Duguid,2017). The fear and apprehension caused by the abundance of information and lack of logical order is known as information anxiety. Information anxiety is one of the effects of information overflow (Hartog, 2017). In information anxiety, the type of information is not important and only the amount of information is important (Schick, Gordon & Haka, 1990). Information anxiety is related to attitudes about finding, selecting, processing, interpreting, managing and using information (Conhaim, 2001). With the advent of the Internet, smartphones, and other digital devices, we can quickly and easily access vast amounts of data about any topic imaginable. While this abundance of information has many benefits, it can lead to a situation called "information anxiety" (Shi, 2022). More precisely, information anxiety is a state of worry and stress caused by a large and extensive amount of information that needs to be processed. According to the mentioned cases and also the numerous researches that have been done in the field of information anxiety, the present study aims to investigate and explain the concept of information anxiety, its limits and gaps, the dimensions and components of information anxiety, the consequences of information anxiety and the difference of information anxiety with similar concepts such as anxiety. Library, Internet anxiety, etc. have been systematically reviewed.

Literature Review:

The issue of information anxiety and its destructive effects on individuals and organizations has been discussed since 1605. Sir Francis Bacon probably used this term for the first time in 1915 in his book The Progress of Learning. Later, the term information anxiety was introduced in Richard Worman's best-selling book with the same title (Girard & Allison, 2008). The concept of information anxiety has gone through different stages, including library anxiety, computer anxiety, and internet anxiety. In the meantime, based on the studies, information anxiety has differences with other types of anxiety, including library anxiety, internet anxiety, etc. (Cadier, Ding & El Khazzar, 2021). Information anxiety can have different dimensions and components. In the information anxiety model, de Oliveira et al. (2023) mention information complexity or cognitive overload, fear of losing important information, concerns about the accuracy and quality of information, and limited time as dimensions of information anxiety.

This study is a systematic review that was conducted in 1402 and it was investigated to determine the conceptualization of the limits and gaps in the evolution of information anxiety and its dimensions and components. Databases, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct Cinahal, SID, and Magiran were examined. Persian and English languages ​​were used for searching. For this purpose, the keywords: information anxiety, dimensions of information anxiety, and consequences of information anxiety were used in Persian sources and the words Dimensions of information anxiety, and information anxiety, were used in English sources. MESH was also used to determine keywords. In order to determine the appropriateness of the articles with the research topic, first the title and then the abstract of the articles were examined, and after the approval of the article in terms of place of execution, year of implementation and topic, all the texts of the articles were studied by one of the researchers for further examination. Strobe checklist was used to check the quality of descriptive articles. This checklist has 22 parts, which were scored based on the importance of each part according to the present study. The final score of the checklist was 30 and the minimum acceptable score was 20. From the 170 articles found, according to the selection criteria, 24 studies were found to be eligible and included in the present study.

The findings of the research showed that the concept of information anxiety is ambiguous and its limits are not fully known. Information anxiety actually comes from the growing gap between the amount of available information and our ability to process and understand it, and this type of anxiety is fundamentally different from concepts such as library anxiety and internet anxiety. This type of anxiety has three basic dimensions of information overflow, inability to understand and process information, and inability to access and find available information. Information anxiety has many negative personal, psychological and social consequences such as feelings of disappointment and frustration, feelings of abandonment, loneliness and existential loneliness. There are many ways to overcome information anxiety. What is prominent in information anxiety are the challenges and stresses associated with the sheer volume of information available. In information anxiety, people must have the ability to control their information exposure and actively choose which information sources to interact with. This prevents people from being overwhelmed by irrelevant or unreliable information. By selectively accessing reliable sources and filtering out unnecessary information, people can reduce their information anxiety to some extent.

With the tendency of humans to virtual space, which is characterized by information bombardment, the feeling of being abandoned and thrown in the shadow of this information increases. In fact, information anxiety in the shadow of human confusion in organizing knowledge and information and immersing a person in it can fuel the feeling of existential loneliness. Information anxiety, which has arisen in the shadow and context of the rhizomatic growth of social networks and in the context of rhizomatic epistemology, is considered as a threat to human life and can have different physical, social, psychological and even educational consequences for a person. The failure to properly face these threats and failure to control this type of anxiety can affect the quality of a person's life in all its dimensions. Although information anxiety itself is a consequence of some factors, including immersion in virtual space, it can also cause other consequences. Although overcoming anxiety cannot happen in the short term and requires fundamental changes in the epistemological system, ontology and even the individual's value system, these obstacles can be overcome by adopting certain approaches.

Developing information literacy, practicing self-care and setting limits on information consumption and changing epistemological attitudes about information can help reduce feelings and severe stress associated with information anxiety.

This study seeks to investigate how to establish a tacit knowledge capture system in project-oriented organizations based on TOGAF enterprise architecture.

Due to few research studies on how to implement enterprise architecture in the framework of TOGAF in order to capture tacit knowledge in project-oriented organizations, as well as the lack of a comprehensive picture of these studies and methods used, it was necessary to make an informed decision and summarize in line with the objectives of the study, their results should be comprehensively examined. Therefore, the present study has been carried out using a systematic review method, which is one of the types of qualitative research methods that is used to investigate phenomena and identify categories based on research works, which in this research study is taken from the protocol proposed by Kitchenham and Charters. Systematic review includes three stages: planning stage, implementation stage and reporting stage.

The evidence showed that "TOGAF enterprise architecture" and the related frameworks for capturing tacit knowledge as a tool for organizational knowledge management and considered it as a necessary model for the transfer of explicit and tacit knowledge. They showed that the "ADM" cycle is the most useful method and for knowledge management activities, although the preservation and use of knowledge has not been directly considered. And none of them have actually implemented all the steps of this cycle.

The results showed the limitations related to the management of tacit knowledge in projects and emphasized the use of "TOGAF enterprise architecture" and the importance of knowing its frameworks and techniques in order to capture tacit knowledge and as a tool for managing explicit and tacit types of knowledge in organizations. And it has been introduced as a means of transferring knowledge by analyzing the "Architecture Development Method" (ADM) cycle. However, how to preserve and use knowledge has not been directly considered. The findings have considered a comprehensive system for managing information and tacit knowledge based on the organization's strategic goals and users' needs, which is the preliminary stage of the "Architecture Development Method" (ADM) cycle. They also investigated the knowledge management system of the project in a potential way and focused on the initial stages in the Enterprise architecture, but they did not implement all the steps of this cycle in a practical way. In the end, it can be said that in order to capture and store tacit knowledge of projects, TOGAF enterprise architecture framework should be used due to its global acceptance because it is considered to implement tacit knowledge management. But so far, the integration of tacit and explicit knowledge in organizational processes and how to save in order to retrieve this type of knowledge has not been directly considered. This knowledge gap has been clearly stated in the research studies. On the other hand, in none of the studies, other knowledge beneficiaries have been considered in this process, and thus the tacit knowledge of the projects has had some shortcomings.

The purpose of this study was to systematically examine dimensions and categorize the indicators of ego-centric networks in the literature to create a basis for evaluating the performance of scientific outputs or networks of people The current research was done with an analytical approach and a systematic review method. The steps of data search and analysis in this study were developed based on the standard guidelines of Prisma. For this purpose, 23 researches related to EGO network indicators from 2003 to 2023 have been presented in the core collection of Science, Scopus, and IEEE websites after refining the results. Moreover, in all three databases, restrictions on the type of documents (articles and books), period (2003 to May 22, 2023), and language (English) were applied. The reviewed studies have identified three levels of ego network indicators according to structural and combined characteristics in the form of 21 indicators: ego-alter ties indicators, alter attributes indicators, and Alter-alter ties. Four indicators of ego-alter ties include network size, Multiplexity, Tie Strength, and Tie Dispersion, which show different dimensions of relationships between the central entity (ego) and alters. The indicators related to the altered attributes in the ego network include six indicators of network composition: ego-alter similarity, heterogeneity, alter centrality, altered dispersion, and geographical dispersion. Two common social sciences concepts, social capital, and social support, can be defined and calculated as a subset of the combination criterion. Eleven indicators in the category of alter-alter ties include density, number, and size of components, Burt's Structural Hole Measures (four measures of effective size, Constraint, efficiency, and hierarchy are proposed to calculate this index), Gould and Fernandez Brokerage, Ego betweenness index, Degree centrality, closeness centrality, Alter Betweenness centrality, cliques, number of isolates nodes and Core-periphery. Some network structural metrics are graph-based and based on graph theory. Among others, we can refer to density, closeness centrality, degree centrality, alter Betweenness centralization, cliques, number of isolates nodes, and Core-periphery. When applied to personal networks, these metrics typically have a particular meaning and interpretation, especially if the ego is excluded. These meanings are different from their socio-centric network meaning. Several kinds of research have been conducted on ego-centric networks, each dealing with some specific number of criteria related to the characteristics of these networks, and have tried to be a basis for evaluating the performance of the networks. Research gaps we identified in this field include reviewing the software required to implement the indicators and how to illustrate, validate, and apply these indicators in scientometrics, science evaluation, and technology research and policy.

The Artificial Intelligence Intelligent Agent for Consumer Behavioral Responses is a system that, based on acquired knowledge and experiences, recognizes the dominant behavioral styleof the consumer, identifies behavioral anomalies, examines behavioral models and dimensions of consumer behavioral responses, and can intelligently decide which behavioral model to use to have the maximum impact on consumer behaviors and habits to create value and increase the customer life cycle. In this regard, the present study aimed to present an Artificial Intelligence Intelligent Agent Model for Monitoring Consumer Behavioral Responses to Handbags and Shoes on the Blockchain Platform. The present study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing two systematic and data-driven review methods in combination. The statistical population for the data-driven method consisted of experts in business management, information management, and computer science. The sample size was determined to be 16 individuals, based on theoretical saturation, using purposive sampling. The data collection tool used in the systematic review method was library studies, while the data-based method employed semi-structured interviews with experts. The validation of this research was conducted based on the qualitative criteria established by Lincoln and Guba. First, the systematic review method was employed to identify the antecedents and central phenomena of the pattern. A total of 361 articles were identified based on the research topic. After screening, 26 articles in Persian and English were selected for inclusion based on their relevance to the topic and content. Given that the existing literature and research background were not sufficiently comprehensive to complete the paradigmatic model, a data-driven approach was employed in the continuation of the research. This method aimed to identify intervening factors, contextual factors, strategies, and consequences of Grounded Theory method by utilizing expert opinions. The present research led to the presentation of a new paradigm model with the title of an intelligent artificial intelligence operating system for monitoring the behavioral responses of bag and shoe consumers on the blockchain platform.

The aim of this research is to conduct an analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies on applying thesauri to the construction and development of ontologies and the identification of subject domains. We will investigate the approaches and methods used in these studies.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted following the seven stages of systematic review suggested by Petticrew and Roberts (2008). Data analysis and visualization were facilitated using the DatawRapper software.

The analysis of studies in the area of applying thesauri in the construction and development of ontologies, while identifying and presenting the subject trends of studies, frequency, methods, languages and approaches, showed that the studies in this area include six main topics as follows: applying thesauri in the construction and development of ontologies in connection with multilingual information retrieval, applying thesauri in the construction and development of ontologies to cover a specific subject domain, applying the ISO 25964 standard in the development of ontologies using thesauri, presenting the framework, methods and tools for the use of thesauri in construction and development of ontologies, improving semantic relations and concept mapping using thesauri in the construction and development of ontologies and review studies of thesauri conversion to ontologies. 

Various subject domains, across different time periods, have benefited from applying thesauri for the construction and development of ontologies. Thesauri, as semantic tools, have provided the context for organizing, retrieving and accessing information more accurately and easily for stakeholders and applicants across various domains. Despite these advancements, the lack of a standardized and consensual framework, coupled with the need to update methods, approaches, and tools due to the reliance on natural language processing (NLP) technologies and knowledge engineering, has necessitated further research to mature this field.

With the increase in environmental problems and the world's need to achieve sustainable development, a new subfield of entrepreneurship has emerged, known as green entrepreneurship. Given the novelty and early stage of the literature in this field, the current research aims to analyze studies in green entrepreneurship using indicators of scientific measurement. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the topic of green entrepreneurship.

This study employed a Scientometrics approach, descriptive analysis, content analysis, and systematic review. To address the research questions, electronic databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, and Emerald from 2000 to 2022 were utilized. Subsequently, all descriptive and analytical studies were scrutinized. The systematic review involved inclusion and exclusion criteria to filter relevant articles for analysis. The review framework adhered to the PRISMA checklist, comprising 4 stages (Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Inclusion). Following the application of evaluation criteria, 171 articles were analyzed.

The analysis shows an upward trend in published articles on green entrepreneurship. It was found that most of the studies were quantitative and conducted using the case study method. Another interesting discovery is the increasing popularity of terms related to green entrepreneurship in recent years, such as green innovation, green and circular economy, and the prevalence of green and institutional innovation theories. The findings revealed that England and China have the highest co-authorship in green entrepreneurship studies. Among the identified factors, institutional and political factors have garnered the most attention from researchers.

The increasing trend of studies in the field of green entrepreneurship, particularly in recent years, can be attributed to the rising needs of societies, resource scarcity, escalating environmental and employment issues, and the growing interest of researchers in environmental and entrepreneurial studies. This surge has led governments to support green businesses. Analysis results indicate that terms like sustainable development, sustainability, and entrepreneurship, which rank at the top, reflect the extensive research conducted in these areas. In contrast, fourth in terms of research volume, indicating a relative scarcity of studies in this specific field. Consequently, further research, especially in green entrepreneurship, requires time. Moreover, research findings from various countries on green entrepreneurship reveal that the majority of research contributions come from developed nations like England, China, and the United States, which exhibit a significant focus on this subject. Additionally, the most cited journals in this research predominantly feature authors from developed countries. The results also highlight that researchers have shown more interest in quantitative and qualitative methods individually, while the combined research method, despite its strengths, has not garnered much attention in this domain. Furthermore, the theories introduced in this research have been long-standing in entrepreneurship but are relatively new in the context of green entrepreneurship. Notably, theories such as innovation and institutionalism have received considerable attention, with the institutional approach emphasizing the importance of a conducive institutional environment for the advancement of green entrepreneurship. Consequently, institutional reforms are essential to enable institutions to support entrepreneurship as a driver of development. The study also identifies factors influencing the progress of green entrepreneurship, potentially opening up new avenues for future scientific exploration. These research findings will aid upcoming researchers in pinpointing gaps in the field, thereby saving time and resources by avoiding redundant issues. By addressing these research gaps, researchers can significantly contribute to the decision-making processes of policymakers and planners

Ambiguity arises when more than one meaning and concept can be understood from a word, phrase or sentence. Since it seems necessary to understand this by the information retrieval system in order to increase the accuracy of the information retrieval system and increase the retrieval of related resources, the present research aims to identify the ambiguous and disambiguating factors through a systematic review of studies. It has been done in Iran.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of approach, qualitative and in terms of information gathering method, systematic review using PRISMA standard. The statistical population includes journal articles, conferences, and dissertations indexed in Iranian databases, including: Magiran, Noormags, Shiraz Regional Center for Science and Technology, Civilica, and Academic Jihad Center (SID) and Scientific Information of Iran (treasure). 175 scientific sources and 138 scientific sources were excluded based on the output criteria and 37 scientific sources were selected based on the input criteria. Input criteria: focusing on the studies conducted on the subject of ambiguity and disambiguation, in the fields of linguistics, information technology, artificial intelligence, computer and information science, and epistemology, scientific sources published in Persian language, without publication time limits, review articles, Scientific research, master's and doctorate theses and national and international conference papers held inside Iran. Output criteria: studies carried out except for ambiguity and disambiguation, non-Persian language scientific sources, books, reports, editorials, abstract writings and short articles (less than 5 pages)

The results show that the main topic of interest in this research was "ambiguity of the meaning of words" (53%) and "disambiguation of words" (44%) and the least topics of ambiguity in machine translation (21%) and disambiguation through ontology (5 percent). The most research methods with the "neural network" approach (22 percent) and the least research methods used were content analysis, methodology and machine learning (5 percent), the largest number of sources related to the articles of conferences and national conferences and was international (48 percent) and the least were master theses and doctoral dissertations (5 percent). Computer and linguistics fields (27 percent) have had the most scientific productions in this regard, and information science and epistemology fields (9 percent) have had the lowest productions.

The present research is considered innovative in the sense that it deals with the issue of ambiguity and disambiguation in information retrieval with a systematic review approach. Its findings indicate that most Iranian researches were focused on disambiguation, which were mostly presented in national and international conferences and meetings. The topic of ambiguity and disambiguation is more important in the fields of computer science and linguistics, and the fields of information science and epistemology have not dealt with it. The semantic ambiguity of words and, by nature, the disambiguation of words has been the concern of format in Iranian researches. Ontology as a new approach to disambiguation has received less attention.

 The role of public libraries has changed and expanded compared to the past. Since the beginning of the new century, we have seen fundamental changes in the roles and services of public libraries, especially with emphasis on their social roles. Therefore, considering the expansion of the range of services of these libraries and their impact on society, this research aims to identify and analyze the community roles of public libraries.

 This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the nature of the data is a qualitative type, performed with the systematic review technique and the application of the four-stage model of Okoli and Shabram (2010). To select the articles correctly in the second stage of the mentioned model, the process of selecting the articles of Silva (2015) was used. The statistical population was the texts were published in the Persian language between 1381 and 1401, and in English between 2002 and 2022. After searching the databases and retrieving 1819 articles, the articles were cleaned and screened. Finally, 201 articles related to the social roles of public libraries were selected.

 Studies related to the social roles of public libraries in the country, despite their importance, are nascent and have only been paid attention to in the last decade, so the lack of research in this field is evident. But this research abroad has met with more success among researchers, they have had a long history and much research has been carried out. The findings showed that public libraries have seven roles including 1. Promoting social justice, 2. Developing social capital, 3. Increasing social participation, 4. Promoting social resilience, 5. Community building, 6. Managing natural crises, and 7. Reducing deprivations and injuries. Social, they play in the community.

  The primary condition for success in fulfilling these roles is a complete and comprehensive understanding of the position of public libraries in the local social network. To achieve this goal, public libraries need to be aware of their societal conditions above all. By organizing activities that lead to creating a space for meeting, developing personal relationships, and communicating with members and different strata of society, public libraries present their new community roles and strengthen the position of the library as a reliable institution worthy of trust at the community level. They help by performing the roles mentioned in this research, public libraries can contribute to social development and be a positive factor in the change and evolution of society. In this way, libraries and their facilities, activities, and programs must take steps in line with the social, cultural, political, and economic needs of the communities to become a part of the community in the real sense. Therefore, they should play their role in this field and overcome the difficulties, with comprehensive measures and proper awareness and knowledge enhancement of the audience, as well as the use of human and educational resources to improve the quality of the citizens 'lives.

Public libraries have historically played a role in supporting economic development, entrepreneurship, small businesses, and providing commercial information to various stakeholders. This study aims to identify the types of services, programs and economic activities that public libraries offer in this domain, based on a review of the relevant literature.

The present research is a systematic literature review, and the systematic study framework of Kitchenham and Charters was used to carry out it. By identifying the databases and query terms, searches were conducted and finally, by refining the sources and applying the entry and exit criteria to the research, 37 sources in English and 6 sources in Farsi were entered into the systematic review. The research tool was a checklist type. The information obtained by summarizing the contents is presented in the form of a table.

The activities of public libraries for economic development were grouped into four components: information, education, social, and space and equipment. The information component consists of two dimensions: resources and databases, and reference services. The resources and databases dimension involves assessing resource needs, providing economic information services, developing economic collections, collecting job resources, resume writing and job interview skills, marketing economic collections, creating job databases, providing access to commercial law databases, and creating and maintaining economic websites. The reference services dimension offers services such as general and specialized reference and consultation, business and research reference, document delivery, remote business question answering, job search assistance, subject guides and search assistance. The education component includes developing financial literacy and entrepreneurship skills, specific skills for jobs and businesses, digital and technology literacy, skills for students and low-educated adults, business information literacy training, economic and business consultations, and coach training. The social component includes services such as community socio-economic development, creating social partnerships, networking, holding business events, organizational cooperation, and meetings with consultants. The space and equipment component includes creating innovation buildings and spaces, preparing physical spaces, creating reference spaces, independent commercial libraries, and developing equipment.

Originality/value: 

This review examines the diverse services, programs, and activities that public libraries offer to support community economic development. The findings reveal that public libraries are developing a new function, called economic function, that encompasses various roles and dimensions, such as information, education, social issues, and space and equipment development. To address the economic challenges of the society, public libraries design and deliver various programs and services for businesses, business owners, entrepreneurs and even general users. This study enhances the existing knowledge about the economic impact of public libraries and proposes directions for future public library action.

Two aims of the present study are: First, identifying the most widely used indicators that have been used so far to measure the factors affecting scientific collaboration between countries; and the second, determining the most important indicators in terms of influencing international scientific collaboration.

Due to the accumulation of experimental research in the field of determining factors of international scientific collaboration, which include a multitude of predictive variables and are sometimes accompanied by contradictory results, an evidence-based systematic review was used. According to the PRISMA protocol and without considering the time limit, 20 studies were selected to review the findings. Studies were selected that were based on the level of macro analysis and statistical model. To achieve the first aim, the frequency of use of indicators in various studies was investigated, and to achieve the second aim, indicators with a dominant effect were identified based on the vote counting technique. Due to the heterogeneity of the selected studies (the difference in the test statistic used and the way predictor and control variables are measured), this technique was used.

The most widely used indicators used by researchers are the geographical distance between the capitals of countries (in the physical dimension), common membership in intergovernmental organizations (in the political dimension), economic development, and economic size (in the economic dimension), social similarity (in the social dimension), the common official language (in the cultural dimension), and the number of articles (in the scientific and technological dimension). The results indicate that there is a lot of overlap between widely used indicators and indicators with a dominant effect. All widely used indicators also have a dominant effect. However, some indicators are classified in the group of indicators with a dominant effect despite having a lower degree of application. These indicators include the volume of trade relations (in the economic dimension), colonial relations (in the cultural dimension), specialization distance, and international student exchange (in the scientific and technological dimension). These indicators, based on the consensus of most of the evidence about their type of effect (positive or negative), are among the most important indicators affecting scientific collaboration between countries.

According to the reviewed studies, the identified factors have an undeniable effect on scientific collaboration between countries. As a result, they should not be neglected in the design of national research systems. In addition, this research by enumerating the existing research gaps in this field states that achieving a more comprehensive understanding of the factors requires interdisciplinary studies by researchers in the fields of Knowledge and Information Science, Sociology, and Political Science. Finally, two suggestions can be made. First, the establishment of research areas based on the conclusion of scientific and technological agreements in neighboring areas to solve common problems of member countries; and second, the wider intervention of international organizations in the global flows of student exchange through the creation of international competitions to allocate awards, scholarships, and research grants to countries that have ideas to solve major and common global problems.

The purpose of this study is to identify the capacities and potentials of public libraries in creating social capital and the activities of public libraries focusing on creating social capital. Public libraries, as public places that have a high capacity to establish communication between people, have a significant contribution in this regard. The public library is known as one of the universal institutions in modern society, whose inclusion makes the public library a place with the capacity to create communication and social capital. Also, public libraries have the feature of facilitating communication, which plays a main role in creating social capital

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, and in it, a systematic review method has been used to achieve the research goals. Systematic review is a scientific method and one of the most reliable research methods based on review, the purpose of which is to evaluate and integrate the results of applied studies in a specific research problem in an objective and systematic way to determine the situation of the problem in the field under study. A summary of these studies reveals the necessity of a comprehensive and systematic review of research texts in this field. Based on this, the present study deals with a systematic review of related research texts to achieve the following two main goals: extracting published information and categorizing the methodologies used in research related to public libraries in creating social capital; and identifying the capacity of public libraries in creating social capital. The current case study is based on the PRISMA systematic study framework. In order to collect the relevant original research texts, a search was made from the reliable English database of Web of Science and with the specialized keywords of this field, and 152 documents in English were identified. In repeated steps, by studying and reviewing the abstracts of the sources, duplicate and unrelated items were removed. Finally, by applying initial filtering, inclusion and exclusion criteria and control by the researcher 36 original English research texts in the form of articles were selected to enter the systematic review and sentences related to the research topic (capacity of public libraries in creating social capital) were extracted.

The research review showed that the documents reviewed in this study were published between 1993 and 2020, that the most attention to this field in the production of texts was from 2012 onwards, and the peak of the studies was in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Most of the research related to the capacity of public libraries in creating social capital, with survey research method, case study and data collection sources including local residents (residents of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Magyarország, Germany, Switzerland), library users and non-users, resources and the published texts were library managers and librarians and immigrants (Mexican immigrants and immigrants from the three countries of Iran, Afghanistan and Kurdistan in Norway). Also, the tools used in most of the conducted researches were questionnaires and unstructured interviews. A total of 10 public library capacities including; creating equal access to information resources, providing opportunities to learn and acquire skills, a meeting place, a place to provide services to people on the margins of society, a place with the aim of establishing social justice and neutral and usable for all groups, a place to establish communication between people , a place to increase public participation, a pleasant library environment, a place for people's leisure time to create social capital was identified.

It is necessary to pay attention to the library as a place for people to meet, strengthen the collection of information resources of public libraries and increase programs related to learning and skill training, as well as paying attention to people on the margins of society in providing services in public libraries to create social capital. On the other hand, maintaining the neutrality of public libraries in dealing with people from different groups and races and paying attention to the public library as a place to increase public participation and paying attention to the role of public libraries in promoting leisure programs can help create social capital through public libraries. Also, the review of internal and external information sources showed that so far no research has done as systematic reviews of the researches of public libraries in creating social capital. Therefore, it is necessary to review the published scientific and research resources to have a comprehensive view of the capacity of public libraries in creating social capital, and the mentioned capacities indicate that public libraries have a very high capacity to create social capital and have the ability to plan appropriate and providing the context for the flourishing of these capacities has become an important element in the society and play a role in people's lives. Since the library space as a place of discussion and meeting is of special importance in texts, it is very important to provide a space for groups and facilitate the presence of groups who want to use the library space to meet their needs. Organizing classes, training programs and skill workshops are opportunities to increase social capital among marginalized groups in society. Social capital in public libraries provides opportunities for learning and improving the socio-economic status of people.

The purpose of this study was to systematically examine dimensions, aspects, and levels of search stopping in the literature in order to identify gaps in the field.

Research reports on the subject published between 1961-2020 were identified in databases. The contents of 60 studies found were thematically analysed in terms of basic, organizing, and comprehensive concepts.

The reviewed studies have identified two stopping levels, namely session-level stopping and query-level/ result- summary- level stopping. At the latter level, the search session does not stop permanently, but the user continues searching after refining the query. The studies also referred to another stopping method labeled as “search- engine- result- page- level stopping” in which the user leaves the result page without clicking on any result after making a general inference of the search results. Then, the user may or may not continue searching after refining the query. Here, we are not dealing with another level of stopping, but only the time of making decision to stop is changed. Most of the 60 studies we identified dealt with session-level stopping. Identifying stopping rules, examining the application of stopping rules in various contexts, identifying the factors affecting search stopping or query stopping, checking search- engine- result- page- level stopping, examining the depth of users' search, distinguishing between stopping due to satisfaction or frustration, and exploring search stopping signs were dimensions of search stopping studied in the literature.  Stopping rules included satisfaction and frustration, magnitude threshold, difference threshold, representational stability, mental list, and single criterion. Also, factors affecting stopping search included time constraints, search task structure, information scent, user interface features, importance of the task to the users, motivation, domain knowledge, interest in the topic, need for closure and need for cognition.

Our review showed that studies each dealt with some specific aspect(s) of search stopping behavior and sought to identify the rules or factors affecting it. Research gaps we identified include not investigating the impact of variables such as search language, task difficulty, and individual differences on stopping behavior, the detailed differentiation of the signs of good abandonment from bad ones, and the use of eye tracking technology and recording electrical activity of the brain (Electroencephalography) to better understand the stopping behavior.

Despite the novelty in methodologies, User behavior study based on brain activity during information-seeking stages has become popular among information science researchers. This paper reviews scientific publications in which information-seeking behavior has been studied along with recorded brain activity to shed light on research status, challenges, and suggestions for future studies. Based on Kitchenham & Charters (2007) framework, a complete web search was performed in English and Persian scientific databases, and 22 publications in English were found as the final result, from 2007 to 2020. Review results demonstrate that exploring the user status (10 papers) and brain wave activity during information-seeking episodes (12 papers) were the most dominant subjective approaches in the field of user behavior studies. Cognitive load was found as an effective cognitive component on user status. With eye movement measurement and brain waves frequency study, 3 factors were found effective on cognitive load level generated during information searching and processing: searching media type, information representation, and text reading style. Brain wave activity and pupil dilation analysis were the most important measures in user status during search stages, and alpha and theta band waves were demonstrated as an index for cognitive load measurement during the information searching process. A correlation among eye data, search behavior, task complexity based on user experience, and cognitive style – as another effective factor on user status- led to results in different information searching behavior demonstrations. Also, 3 main stages were analyzed in the information-seeking process, based on brain wave activity: information exploring and query formulation, query reformulation and selection, relevance judgment, and decision making. Results showed a difference between brain activity areas, and differences in pupil dilation change level and alpha/beta frequency level during different search episodes. For future research, some suggestions were offered based on reviews. Finding relations between correlations among cognitive styles, task features, and domain knowledge during information searching process, personalized information retrieval improvement, more collaboration between information science and neurocognitive specialists, research in more user affective status like aggression and fatigue during the search process, using more economic methods and portable devices aiming to reduce research costs and expenses, facilitating larger sample studies and designing standard tasks were considered as a suggestion. Finally, some challenges were found based on reviewed studies. Some concepts like relevance feedback in information retrieval need more investigation. Also, it is necessary to investigate and explore user affections during the search process with multiple approaches.

Information behavior includes intentional and unintentional behaviors. One of the unintentional information behaviors is the serendipitous acquisition of information. This type of behavior, which complements the inquiry, has an important role in the learning behaviors and everyday information acquisition by researchers. The occurrence of this type of behavior is influenced by the factors that the present study was conducted to identify.

 This systematic review employs the eight-step process of the Okoli review method. The research population includes English articles indexed in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Persian articles indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Normagz, and Ensani. After applying the search strategy, the retrieved articles were imported to the EndNote 20 software and duplicate articles were removed. Then, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 related articles were studied in order to identify the factors affecting serendipitous acquisition of information.

Results :

The history of the study of the serendipitous acquisition of information goes back more than three decades. The serendipitous acquisition of information is influenced by internal factors, external factors, and environmental characteristics. Internal factors are influenced by person's psychological and personality characteristics and can be created or managed by the person her/himself. Internal factors include information need, topical knowledge, Sagacity, curiosity, sensitivity, conscientiousness, extroversion, emotions, self-confidence, information literacy, enjoyment of the search process, and education. External factors such as time, status, and place are separate from psychological and personality characteristics of the person and can facilitate serendipity. Some environmental characteristics enables exploration and discovery, ease of access, connectivity, stimulus-richness, enables connections, trigger rich, highlights triggers, variety, contrasts, incompleteness, multi-reachability, and slowability cultivate serendipity. Despite the importance of serendipity in information seeking, it has not attracted the attention of Iranian researchers

Recent advances in information technology and the emergence of Web2 have created new horizons in the ways of obtaining information and have caused an increase in unintentional acquisition of information. Therefore, the way that such behavior occurs, and its effects and results should be investigated. Recognition and control of factors affecting successful acquisition of information could help the search process.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the types of services, opportunities, capacities and challenges of public libraries in providing health information from the texts of this field.

The research method is a systematic literature review, and the systematic study framework of Kitchenham and Charters was used to carry out it. By identifying the databases and query terms, searches were conducted and finally, by refining the sources and applying the entry and exit criteria to the research, 37 sources in English and 3 sources in Farsi were entered into the systematic review. The research tool was a checklist type. The information obtained by summarizing the contents is presented in the form of a table.

The results show that the types of services include six general categories of health information, social determinants of health, health literacy education, direct provision of health services, promotion of physical mobility, and alternative and complementary care services. Capacities were categorized into four general categories: human resources, resources, library functions, and fundamental values of libraries. The opportunities included four general categories: using the capacity of other organizations, strengthening human resources, providing a place to provide health services, and increasing community resilience in crises. Finally, the challenges included: nature of the issue, libraries policy, budget, resources, equipment and technology, space, services, inter-organizational cooperation, specialized human resources, communication with clients, and client problems.

Originality/Value:

 Considering the status of providing health information services in Iran’s public libraries’ service portfolio, awareness of the types of services, capacities, opportunities, and challenges of public libraries in the world in providing health information to citizens is useful for designing or providing health information services in Iranian libraries.

The present study was conducted to identify the status of research on entrepreneurship and income generation in public libraries with a focus on creative economics.

The present study is a systematic study. The statistical population of this study was all the researches done in the field of creative economy in public libraries that have been published in connection with entrepreneurship and income generation in the scientific databases of Google Scholar, Lisa, Science Direct, Emerald, Science, Magiran, Noourmags and the Islamic World Citation Database.

To study the researches, 60 documents of entrepreneurship and income generation were found that the number of entrepreneurship researches was more than 2.3 times more than income generation. In research, entrepreneurship and income generation have been mentioned as creating new opportunities to strengthen the preservation of the values of socio-cultural services. Legal barriers and professional ethics the biggest challenge to the creative economics approach in public libraries is that they need a fundamental solution.

Public libraries like any organization, need funding to achieve their goals, but we know that their funding is insufficient due to the recession and rising costs. Therefore, they have to resort to entrepreneurship and monetization to compensate for the budget deficit and improve the financial resources to provide public services. The creative economics approach, while creating added value, is fully compatible with the ethical and professional principles of libraries.

The field of Knowledge and Information science needs systematic studies about the future in order to adapt and keep pace with the current developments and to effectively deal with them and maintain their position and survival in the current competitive conditions. In this regard, the present study intends to guide future researchers to develop research in this field by reviewing studies related to the future of information science and science in Iran and the world.

The present study was conducted using the systematic review method. In the present study, in order to ensure the systematic review process, the guide provided by Okoli & Schabram (2010) has been used. For this purpose, related researches were searched in international and domestic databases without considering the time limit. In total, 114 researches were analyzed.

A review of studies showed that 14 dissertations, 25 conference articles, 65 journal articles and 10 website notes addressed the issue of the future of information science and epistemology. These researches have studied the future of this field in four axes: 1. Libraries and information centers in the future; 2. Librarians and information science professionals in the future; 3. The future of education in information science and science; And 4. The future of research in this field. A significant part of this research has been done with the aim of studying the goals, functions, features, services and resources of libraries in the future.

Libraries and information centers will continue to function as an important social institution in the future, but in order to be able to compete with competitors such as the Internet, super search engines, social networks, databases, virtual reality, augmented and hybrid technologies, To maintain and improve their position of audio-visual media and other new tools, it is necessary to change their services in accordance with the needs of the day and new technologies. In the future, the development of media and information carriers will not replace the role of librarians and information science professionals, but the importance of their position will be felt. In fact, among the various technologies and media, only librarians have the ability to overcome the challenges ahead such as the increasing volume of information, the growth of Internet resources, greater diversity of user needs, facing the problems of organizing information resources in cyberspace and optimal retrieval. Information from the masses of information is inappropriate. Given the current and future developments, the need for change in the situation of education and research in this field is felt more.

To identify the most important factors affecting query formulation.

The design of this study was qualitative. The factors were extracted and categorized through a systematic review and an analytical meta-analysis in six steps. The steps included: determining keywords, creating inclusion criteria and deleting articles, background search, extracting lists A, B and C, descriptive analysis, and thematic analysis. In this regard, based on a search cycle and using a number of keywords approved by experts, articles related to the factors affecting the query formulation were studied. After descriptive analysis of these resources, contents were extracted according to the topic. The research population included all published articles on the factors affecting the query formulation in the period from 1991 to 2021. These resources were searched in reliable databases such as Scopus, Springer, Emerald, Web of Science, Elsevier, Eric, ProQuest, Ebsco, Cite Seer, Information Research, LISA, LISTA and Wiley. After extracting articles, collecting and analysing qualitative data, these analyses were used to determine the factors affecting the query formulation.

Findings showed that the factors affecting the query formulation itself originate from several fields such as user and retrieval task, which can be classified into two general categories of user-related factors and task-related factors. User-related factors included subject knowledge, knowledge of how to use the search system, search experience, language, demographic features, contextual factors, cognitive style, and cognitive load. Task-related factors included the type of search task and task difficulty. These factors change the formulation process in different ways that can be considered both positive and negative, as some of them may help to improve the quality of the formulation, others may prevent retrieval to be performed correctly.

Identifying factors affecting the query formulation and analysing the relationships between them can improve the quality of information literacy training by experts in this field. Also, it helps web designers create search tools tailored to the user's needs. Since formulation is an important part of information retrieval behaviours, recognizing the influencing factors can help discovering information retrieval patterns. Understanding how to formulate a query under the influence of various factors and recognizing these factors, can help increase the quality of search and retrieve more relevant results and improve human-computer interaction.

The aim of this study is to identify the psychological factors affecting the information-seeking behavior of information users employing a systematic review.

In the present study, a systematic method was used as the research method. In order to investigate the research process, the framework suggested by Arksey & O’malley (2005) was used as the main guide. This framework includes a set of structured and detailed guidelines for designing, implementing, and reporting results in systematic review studies. These steps include:The first step was to ask a research question. At this stage, the researcher addresses two questions. The second step was to identify studies full text related to information-seeking behavior. The third step was to select articles. The primary criterion for entering the study was the relationship between articles and psychological factors in information-seeking behavior in the two databases of the Scientific Information Database and Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Comprehensive Portal of Human Sciences. The fourth step was to extract data from selected articles. At this stage, all articles related to the selected topic were then transferred to the data extraction form based on Excel software, which was designed in accordance with the purpose of the research. The fifth step was data collection, summarization, and reporting.

Finding showed three main components and 16 variables have been effective on information-seeking behavior. The main psychological factors include socio-educational factors (information counseling, and self-efficacy); cognitive factors were comprised of (thinking styles, critical thinking, creativity, curiosity and mental norms, motivational beliefs, cognitive styles, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, epistemological beliefs, self-directed learning and self-regulation); and finally the factors which result in mental and personality disorders (anxiety, excitement, and personality).

Psychological factors seem to play an important role in the information-seeking behavior of information users in different societies, and Iranian society is no exception. However, in the published articles in the field of information-seeking behavior, more attention has been paid to information content and less attention has been paid to the psychological characteristics of individuals that originated from the human psyche and mind. In other words, information seekers' information-seeking behaviors rely heavily on psychological factors and personal characteristics.

Intruduction: The problems and disadvantages of thesauri and the increasing use of ontology in data retrieval have led to studies over the past two decades to suggest the use of thesauruses in the design and construction of ontologies. So, the aim of this study is to review and present a summary of available information about the converting of the thesaurus to ontology. The study was conducted using a systematic review. Kitchenham`s protocol was used (including Research Questions, Search Process, Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria, Quality Assessment, Data Collection and Data Analysis). Five research questions (including what are similarities between thesaurus and ontology? what are differencies between thesaurus and ontology? what are the methods of converting a thesaurus to ontology? what are the benefits of using the thesaurus to create ontology?  and what are the challenges for converting the thesaurus to ontology?) were answerd based on the analysis. The search strategy was determined and implemented and after the removal of duplicate documents, 71 documents were obtained. Then the documents were matched with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 13 documents were analyzed as final documents for answering research questions. The results showed that both thesaurus and ontology were used in organizing and covering a particular subject area terminology and their main difference is in the amount of payments to semantic relations between concepts. The definition of classes based on the concepts contained in the thesaurus, the definition of the relationship between concepts and the use of a formal language were the common in all proposed methods. Taking time and avoiding repeating are the benefits of using the thesaurus and the need for an expert specialist in the process of doing work is one of the challenges of converting thesaurus into ontology.