جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Information Science » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

The analysis of job advertisements reflects the expectations of employers regarding job responsibilities and qualifications for graduates to enter the labor market. This method gives students and planners the opportunity to include appropriate training in the development of university course topics in their field. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to investigate job opportunities in the field of knowledge and information science in the world and to match the topics of university courses in this field in Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection method, which was done with systematic review technique. Articles were retrieved from two important scientific databases (Scopus and Web of Science) by following Prisma's preferred instructions for reviewing research literature and after screening and entering the study in terms of research purpose, job titles, subject headings in the articles, society purpose, the type of organization that the research is about, and the access space were investigated. The statistical population is covered by texts that were published in Latin during 1923 to 2023. After searching the databases and retrieving 11,968 documents, cleaning and removing the overlapping items was done. And finally, 223 document related to job opportunities and skills in the field of information science and epistemology were selected. There are various job opportunities available to graduates of knowledge and information science. However, despite the job growth in this field and according to the content analysis of the headlines compiled by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in Iran, although they cover some job titles to some extent, this amount is not enough. The findings show that the job titles found with them were classified into seven job categories including: technical service positions, information service positions, research positions, educational positions, information and communication technology positions, reference positions, and management skills. The results showed that although the topics related to computer science and programming are among the topics needed to respond to the job market with regard to job titles, these topics are not sufficiently developed in the courses of knowledge and information science. In general, the results show the need to revise the content of the beginning of the chapter of university courses to provide the expertise and qualifications needed for graduates, one of the main gaps in the bachelor's degree, then master's degree and doctorate in this field in Iran. Expanding the curriculum with an interdisciplinary approach and using new technologies to develop skills in this area is a viable idea.

Human life has always been exposed to crises, but what is important in crisis management is the adequate response to them. The rise and development of information technology has provided its operators with the best possible potential and capabilities for crisis management. One of the applications of information technology in crisis management is "crisis informatics". Considering that information forms the link between crisis management, crisis informatics and information science, the present study was conducted with the aim of elucidating the role and functions of the field of information science in crisis informatics.

The study was directed via library method with an analytical approach. After reviewing previous studies with the intention of identifying the dominant concept of crisis informatics.

The results showed that, despite the commonality between crisis computing and the field of information science, no independent research has yet been devoted to this topic. While the common point between information science and computer science is the crisis, the main topic of both information. Information science specialists can play an essential role in crisis computing due to their skills in producing reliable information, verifying information, managing and building information systems, creating databases, facilitating and accelerating information recovery.

Crisis informatics is an emerging field that clarifies the role of information science specialists in times of crisis or pre-crisis to reduce disaster risk to minimize vulnerability or to increase the knowledge of people in society to prevent or mitigate harm limit when dealing with a crisis. With the rise of technology and the flourishing of social networks and the ease with which a large amount of information is distributed to people, information specialists will play an effective role in crisis situations using social networks in conveying the "correct" information to the "correct "person at the "appropriate" time.

The poor economic situation and the reduction of job opportunities have pushed universities towards academic entrepreneurship and commerciali-zation of knowledge. Nevertheless, the evidence shows there are many obstacles in the way of academic entrepreneurship, especially in some disciplines. Identifying obstacles to academic entrepreneurship is the first step toward its development. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to identify the obstacles to academic entrepreneurship in the field of knowledge and information science. The current research was of an applied type which was conducted using the qualitative method of ground theory. The research community was the knowledge and information science faculty members at Iran's governmental universities. The sample members were selected by purposive sampling method. The basis for selecting the sample members was that they have at least five years of work experience as faculty members and have scientific records in fields with entrepreneurial orientation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The interview processes continued until reaching theoretical saturation after interviewing 16 faculty members. Regarding academic rank, 4 of the sample members were professors, 7 were associate professors, and 5 were assistant professors. By analyzing the interview data, 90 primary codes were identified, and these codes were categorized into 12 sub-categories and three main categories. Macro obstacles, academic obstacles, and individual obstacles were the three main categories that hinder entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge in the field of knowledge and information science from the point of view of faculty members. Major obstacles were formed from 4 categories: economic factors, political factors, cultural factors, and strategic factors. Academic barriers consist of 4 sub-categories: university structure, university regulations and rules, university education, and course content. Individual obstacles also include 4 subcategories: scientific skills, communication skills, psychological skills, and entrepreneurial skills.   The present research has identified the most important obstacles to entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge in the field of knowledge and information science by studying the views of faculty members in the field of knowledge and information science. Although some obstacles to academic entrepreneurship, such as macro obstacles, are beyond the authority of faculty members and experts, by strengthening and investing in things that are under their control, such as individual obstacles, they can move towards academic entrepreneurship. Generally, the findings of this research can help in better planning for increasing academic entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge and removing its obstacles and shortcomings.

Analyzing the subject structure of research in this field can provide valuable information about the current state of the field, including its issues and needs, strengths, gaps, and shortcomings. The present study aims to analyze the global research topics in information science and library science, while also reviewing research topics from previous years and identifying thematic gaps. This analysis will provide a foundation for planning and policy research in this field.

The present study utilized an automated classification technique. Data analysis was performed on 85,403 articles indexed on the Web of Science website between 1945 and 2019 in the field of library and information science. The source and tool used for extracting research data was Web of Science. After preparing and pre-processing the data and formulating the classification plan for articles across 31 thematic categories, the logistic regression algorithm has been employed for the automatic classification of articles. This algorithm assigns articles to their respective thematic categories using the Cosine similarity criterion. The various stages of the research were performed using the Python 3.7 programming language and the Pandas, Numpy, NLTK, and Plotly software packages.

Most of the global research in this field is dedicated to information technology, while the field of organizational management has the least amount of research. The growth trend of research in many thematic areas is increasing. However, there is further growth in areas such as web studies, information technology, information behavior, user studies, information retrieval, and search engines. After the 1990s, popular terms such as social media, big data, virtual library, IoT (Internet of Things), machine learning, deep learning, data mining, open data, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, cloud computing, virtual reality, augmented reality, and machine translation have emerged in research in this field. It appears that the utilization of keywords pertaining to traditional subjects in the field has declined, while the usage of concepts encompassing new topics related to technology and the web has increased. The rapid growth of fields such as web development, technology, artificial intelligence, and data mining has led to the evolution of research topics and increased connections with computer science and information technology, particularly in recent years. The changes in the subjects of this field can be attributed to the development of the web and advancements in technology. Additionally, the concepts and research topics in this field have had an impact on globalization, communication progress, and overall development in various economic, social, and cultural dimensions. 

The conclusion of the study highlights the thematic trends in library and information science research over different time periods. It also identifies the weaknesses in the scientific output of this field, while outlining the evolutionary process and the path of progress and development in the field of science. Due to the fact that scientific outputs are derived from the issues, needs, and priorities of a society at any given time, studying them can help clarify the most important issues and research needs in the field of library and information science. This, in turn, can provide a foundation for identifying future research needs and subjects in the field. In other words, having a clear understanding of the subject areas of library and information science will help researchers in this field identify the most important issues and needs. This, in turn, will enable them to take appropriate actions when selecting topics for future research. By conducting needs-based research, we can lay the groundwork for policy development and research planning in this field. This approach will also help address potential challenges and problems that may arise. This is despite the fact that if the needs and issues are ignored, research resources and credits will be spent on topics that do not have the necessary priority and importance. It cannot be expected that the findings from these topics will solve the problems and pave the way for the advancement of this field.

One of the important aspects of scientific research that can provide the basis for scientific growth and development is their thematic content. Considering the importance of paying attention to the experiences of advanced countries in problem-finding and selecting research subjects, the present research aims to compare and analyze the subject trends of library and information science research at the national and international level.

A review of various studies shows that few studies have been conducted with the approach of comparing the subject trends of library and information science researches at the national level with the researches conducted in advanced countries. China (Rochester & Vakkari, 1998) and India (Dora & Kumar, 2019) were among the countries that compared national and international researches. The results showed that the research topics of this field in more advanced countries were strongly influenced by the educational, research and social structure of those countries and were very different from the research topics conducted in India. The only comparative study conducted in Iran in the field of librarianship and information science was related to (2000) Usefi, which examined the studies of more than 25 years during a limited period (two years).

The present study is of applied type and has been done with a comparative approach between the fields of national and international research. The study population includes 84875 articles indexed in Clarity Analytics database during the years 1945-2019 and 4664 Iranian articles indexed in the ISC database during the years 1972-2019 in the library and information science. The source and tool for extracting research data to review international research topics was the Clarivate Analytics database and the ISC database to review Iranian research topics. In this study, in order to develop a thematic classification plan of articles, the method of reviewing resources and to assign articles to each of the thematic categories, the method of Automatic classification, which is one of the applications of textual analysis, was used. Data analysis was performed by calculating the frequency percentage and Chi-square test and using SPSS 22 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the number of research areas of library and information science at the national and international level. Fields such as information technology, web studies, information economy, artificial intelligence, data mining, information systems, search engines, and databases were more trending among international research, and fields such as theoretical foundations, fields related to libraries and their functions, research, knowledge management, information retrieval and scientometrics were more common among Iranian researches.

During recent decades, the world has been moving towards digital and virtual space. In this space, developments such as the increase in the volume of information and the emergence of big data on the one hand and the development of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence tools and big data processing on the other hand, have affected the level of expectations of the people of the society from the services of libraries and the organization and accessibility of information. Has set. For this reason, librarians, information specialists and managers of libraries and information centers have taken advantage of the achievements of fields related to computer science, information technology and artificial intelligence in order to face new developments and manage large amounts of data in order to transform the traditional functions of libraries. In addition, researchers in the field of information science and epistemology, especially at the international level, are more and more interested in studying and researching in the field of data science and acquiring the most up-to-date scientific achievements and knowing the latest related tools and technologies in order to play their effective role in this space. are competitive.

The results of the current research show that the field of library and information science at the international level has established a stronger relationship with other fields, especially artificial intelligence, computer science, information and communication technology. Also, at the global level, digitization processes and information growth are faster and smart technologies and tools have made more progress than third world countries and especially Iran. In other words, advanced countries due to having more economic and political power, more advanced social structure, being a leader in information and communication technology developments, more financial and spiritual support from the governments and officials of these countries for researchers and providing a suitable platform for scientific studies, access Faster access to information sources, and the appropriateness of educational and research programs with the needs and expectations of society members, have a more targeted planning to identify the problem and choose a topic in line with the real problems and needs and in sync with the developments of the day, to carry out their research. Therefore, at the international level, applied topics based on web and internet developments and information and communication technologies should face more trends and a faster growth trend than Iranian research topics.

Considering the role of studying the thematic trend of knowledge and information science research in showing the weaknesses, shortcomings and the path of progress and development of that field, the present study intends to study the topics of articles conducted by Iranian researchers at the national and international levels in this field.

The present study is applied and has been done with the approach of text mining and automated classification analysis. The study population includes articles extracted from the website of Iranian journals indexed in the ISC database during 1977-2019, and the articles done by Iranian researchers that have been indexed in the Web of Science website from 2019-1945. All preprocessing and classification processes are implemented in the Python programming language.

In order to categorize the studies of knowledge and information science, by examining the study backgrounds and combining the existing classifications and consulting experts in this field, a plan consisting of 31 subject areas was prepared and based on the analysis. The findings showed that most of the researches in this field are focused on libraries and information centers and archives; respectively; Research, study and publication; Scientometrics and informatics; and Internet and web studies. In contrast, areas of artificial intelligence; Semantic and ontological web; Information and knowledge-based society; and information systems have the least amount of research. An examination of the concepts and vocabulary used in the studies of this field showed that the word "library" in Iranian articles is the most frequent concept among other concepts in this period. Other commonly used concepts in this course include: Information, University, Science, Study, Knowledge, Management, Evaluation, Web, Library, Technology, Services, and Librarians. Among co-occurrence terms, the terms university library, public library, knowledge management, information science, information retrieval behavior, information technology, medical sciences, national library, digital library, central library, and information retrieval were among the most commonly used terms. Common use of terms such as knowledge, management, technology, knowledge management and information technology, digital, digital library, social network, information literacy, cloud computing and e-government shows the increasing attention of Iranian researchers to interdisciplinary and technology-based topics. Concepts and topics of Iranian research, especially in recent years, have undergone changes in various economic, social and cultural dimensions under the influence of web development and the development of semantic technologies, smart tools, globalization and advances in communication, and comprehensive development.

The results of the present study can help in planning and decision-making regarding recognizing educational and research needs, formulating curricula, and guiding future scientific outputs towards priorities and optimal allocation of resources to them. These results can also guide researchers in deciding to select future research topics in knowledge and information science.

The roots of most shortcomings and problems related to problem-finding, topic selection, and part of the damage of studies in knowledge and information science can be caused by the uncertainty of the basic issues and challenges of this field, and the lack of attention to current and future study needs and fields. This makes obvious the necessity of studying and researching issues and future research needs in this field. In this regard, the current research aims to identify the issues and challenges ahead and future study areas in the field of knowledge and information science from experts' viewpoints.

The approach of the current research is qualitative in terms of the type of data. An electronic interview based on an open-response questionnaire was used to collect data. The studied population included Ph.D. students and graduates, and faculty members of public and private universities affiliated with research institutes in this field in Iran. In order to determine the sample size, the purposeful sampling method was used. The criteria for selecting the samples were willingness to participate in research and having at least 5 years of service experience in educational and research centers related to the field of knowledge and information science. According to the final purpose regarding the study of issues and leading subject areas, it was checked that the people participating in this research have, as much as possible, the research backgrounds related to the study of issues, research areas of knowledge and information science, needs, and problems. At the end of the questionnaire, by using the snowball sampling method, the aforementioned people were requested to introduce other people with experiences and views on the issues, challenges, and subjects of the field, to participate in the study. Until theoretical saturation and reaching repetitive information, sampling was continued. Finally, the opinions of 22 experts in knowledge and information science were used. The interpretive analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data and identify components. Data management and coding were done using MaxQda 2020 software. To ensure the reliability of the results, the retest reliability method (coding stability index) was used, and its value was 83%.

The analysis of transcripts of interviews led to the identification of 54 problems in this field. According to these findings, many of the challenges identified in the current research are not only specific to knowledge and information science, and some of them are also relevant in other fields, especially humanities and social sciences.The origin of some of these problems goes back to environmental conditions including social, cultural, economic, technological, etc. factors, and in general, to the policies and conditions governing the society, and some others are affected by the conditions governing the field itself. Among the identified issues and challenges, experts in knowledge and information science put special emphasis on issues related to education and the higher education system. Most of the problems raised by them were related to the state of the scientific outputs of this field. In addition, considering the rapid process of changes today and their continuation in the future, one of the most important concerns of specialists in this field is the ability to accompany and adapt to the process of comprehensive changes and manage them in order to achieve their goals and missions. The subject areas of the future were categorized by the specialists of this field in 10 main areas including education, research and science production, user studies, information organization, information retrieval, virtual libraries, knowledge management, information services, librarians and information specialists, and theoretical and philosophical foundations. According to the results regarding future issues and subject areas in the field of knowledge and information science, it can be acknowledged that, in general, the focus of future studies will be on 6 main axes: Issues related to users and their interaction with information and information systems; Topics related to information science and content management in cyberspace, including big data organization and digital content recovery; Training graduates and information specialists for effective employment in the changing work environments of the future and preparation for entrepreneurship and self-employment; Evaluation and development of science and research; Developing the relationship between information science and epistemology with other related fields including computer science, information technology, artificial intelligence, management; Futuristic studies and the use of their achievements in order to improve and keep pace with future developments; Digitization and virtualization of libraries and information centers, services and activities related to knowledge and information science.

On the one hand, these results can help policymakers and scientific, educational, and research planners in allocating financial resources to basic issues and topics, and on the other hand, they can be a guide for researchers in problem-finding and choosing practical and problem-oriented topics. These results can also provide a basis for the supervisors of this field to pay attention to the upcoming issues and challenges and plan to smooth them out.

The content analysis of the scientific papers can indicate the path of development and thematic orientations in any field. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the subjecttrends of the field of knowledge and information science in Iranian journals based on the LDA model.
The current research is descriptive and exploratory; since text-mining techniques were used to identify hidden topics and topic trends in the field of knowledge and information science based on the LDA algorithm. The statistical population of the current research includes abstracts and keywords of papers published in 11 scientific journals approved by the Iran Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in the field of knowledge and information science during 2015-2019, which includes 1581 papers. The validity of the LDA method has been confirmed in previous studies and the reliability of the extracted data was confirmed by the inter-rater reliability method.
The findings showed that, in general, the subjects of citation analysis, library, and web were the interest subjects of researchers in the field of knowledge and information science, respectively, in the first to third place. During 2015 - 2019, the subjects of "Organizational Culture", "Social Networks", "Information Literacy", "Knowledge Management" and "Instagram" were the main subjects of the field of knowledge and information science. Another finding of the research showed that in different journals, different and sometimes common topics have been of interest to researchers in the field of knowledge and information science. Knowledge management and similar and related topics such as knowledge sharing are more important in the two journals of "The Journal of Studies in Library and Information Science" and "The Iranian Journal of Information Processing & Management". Also in most journals "Librarians" and "Users" have been among the main subjects studied.
Data mining techniques can be a suitable tool to facilitate and speed up the formulation of thematic processes in a field. In order to keep up with the journals of the field worldwide, it is necessary that the topics related to technology be considered in more journals. Also, journal editors should try to publish papers based on the policy and thematic areas overtime.

Effective use of the right representation method and style play an important role in expressing the appropriate content and using visual and linguistic signs in Information & knowledge science books. To measure the success of e cover design of LIS academic books in representing the content

Content analysis method was used. By reviewing of semiotics literature, representative indicators were identified and selected based on the Joly analysis method. Out of the titles in the Iranian Ministry of Science list for the field of information science 135 were selected using random sampling method according to visual symptoms. Based on Jolie Indicators, a questionnaire was designed and answered by 120 academic experts in the fields of information science and book design. A checklist was built to collect the views about the covers. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software.

Abstract representation and illustrations were common methods and styles of content representation. Samt Publications followed capturing reality method. The method of capturing reality i was common for library science titles. Information professionals’ viewed abstract representation the most used.t. National Library of Iran used a combination of illustration and typography. Illustration style was common for books about libraries and information centers. Cover designers found illustration style most used.

Cover designs do not represent the content books properly. Cover designers should use appropriate methods and styles

The scientific community's presence in scientific and professional social networks such as LinkedIn has advantages such as improving scholarly works' visibility, sharing knowledge with professionals and students, interacting with other scholars, and promoting research's social impact. This study aims to analyse the activities of faculty members in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies in the social network of LinkedIn.  

The present research is applied, and descriptive-analytical and the method used in this research is the library and social network analysis, which has been done with a quantitative approach. The research community consists of all faculty members working in Information Science and Knowledge Studies in Iranian public universities. Data were obtained manually during June and July 2019 by examining each of these members' profile pages. Then, the obtained data were entered into Excel software and tabulated and analysed based on research questions.  

The results showed that 59.13% of the faculty members are members of LinkedIn. Of this number, only 17.64% have been active in posting, commenting, and liking, with Maryam Sarrafzadeh and Amir Reza Asnafi accounting for the highest number. The most common topic of faculty posts on LinkedIn is "Sharing and introducing personal scholarly outputs" at 28.07%. In the LinkedIn interests section, 54 members followed 314 groups, influential people, companies, and educational institutions. In general, "Abdolreza Norouzi Chakli" and "Rasoul Zavaraqi" followed by 73 of the mentioned cases have the highest amount. The activities of "Maryam Sarrafzadeh" and "Abdolreza Norouzi Chakli" are more diverse than the others. The studied indicators determined that "Maryam Sarrafzadeh" with 3161 points and among the universities; the University of Tehran with 6271 points had the highest performance. Among the surveyed members, 75% of the people in their profile have a personal photo. Given the importance of having an image on your LinkedIn profile, 25% of people who do not have a photo on their profile are almost high. Examining the faculty members' profiles and the information they provided about themselves showed that they had performed poorly in this area. The low statistics of completing the experiences, achievements, and language sections show that people did not enter everything they are, but only briefly mentioned them. Recommendations, which are an essential part of LinkedIn, have received very little attention. The "About" section of most people gives minimal information about the person. This may be because people are not interested in describing their scientific and professional life descriptively or do not take completing this section very seriously.  

In general, according to the findings of this study, including that less than 14% of faculty members on LinkedIn have shared posts, and also had the least interaction with the posts shared by other members in the form of likes and comments, it can be said that board members Information Science and Knowledge Iranian public universities have not used the facilities and capabilities of the LinkedIn social network to share knowledge and communicate with professionals and students. The faculty members' poor performance of the Iranian Information Science and Knowledge Departments on LinkedIn has prevented a real interaction between science and practice. So that specialists in this field, such as librarians, research experts and people involved in the areas of scientometrics and evaluation of science and technology, can not update their professional knowledge by following faculty members and published research to improve their working performance. Job search is one of the most critical applications of a LinkedIn social network, and many employers search for the required workforce from LinkedIn. In resume and job search workshops held by libraries in developed countries for job seekers, LinkedIn and how to present profile information in a way that attracts the employer is taught. But in Iran, the issue is not taken into account; given the high unemployment rate in Iran, it needs to be educated and taken seriously. It is suggested that faculty members of Information Science and Knowledge Studies have an active presence in this network and encourage their students to use it. Incorporating scientific and professional social networks such as LinkedIn into related courses and institutionalizing its use as a conduit for faculty and students and staying up-to-date scientifically can pave the way for it to be taught by future professionals and professionals. It is also suggested that different Library and Information Association branches hold educational workshops on scientific and professional communication in cyberspace to emphasize the importance of being on the social web to enhance the visibility of the scholarly works and increase the social impact of research and provide the necessary platform for education and public awareness.

The present study aimed to analyze the recruitment process and employment challenges of Information Science and Knowledge Studies students in order to provide policy solutions to meet the needs of the higher education system.

This research is an applied research and its method is a qualitative method in the interviews section and descriptive-analytical in the documents and statistics section. In order to study the process of attracting students of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, statistical data of the Institute of Research and Planning of Higher Education during the years 2011-12 to 2017-18 were used. In order to collect information from the qualitative department, a purposeful semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 graduate and doctoral students in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies. Descriptive analysis method has been used to analyze the data of the statistics section and thematic analysis has been used as a research strategy to analyze the semi-structured interviews section.

The findings of the research in the statistical review section showed that the highest number of enrollees in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies in the doctoral program in the academic year 2016-2017, in the master's degree program in the academic year 2016-2017, and in the undergraduate program in 2011-2012. In terms of gender, in all the years studied, the total number of female enrollees was more than the number of male enrollees. Findings indicated that the highest number of enrollments in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies was related to the academic year 2011-2012. Then the enrollment has taken a downward trend in the academic year 2014-2015 with a slight, there has been an increase.

To address the employment challenges of graduates in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, three steps should be considered before the student and during the student recruitment process, during the student and post-student. Before attracting and admitting students, it is necessary to pay attention to their basic practical skills and competencies and their motivation and interest in this field. During their student time, it is necessary to find employment courses for students in this field to get acquainted with various jobs related to their expertise should be held and while identifying the needs and skills required by jobs, society and industry by the university and policy-making institutions and their application in university content and topics, carding skills, communication skills, scientific research skills, knowledge and practical skills of students. This field should be strengthened in the university. Also, the titles of dissertations and doctoral dissertations in this field should be selected based on the needs assessment of the labor market and society and the demand-oriented approach.

For the term ontology from philosophy, there has been used various equations in non-philosophical texts (artificial intelligence, information sciences, semantic web, etc.). These equations show that there is lexical confusion for both parts of this terminology (being and beings for the first part, and logy, graphy and mapping for the second one). The purpose of this survey is studying in this confusion, the reasons of selecting such equations and finally to obtain a suitable, accurate, documented and rational equation for this term. Research methodology is documentary/library to determine the correctness of equations of ontology. In this regard, two types of texts have been explored: 1) non-philosophical Persian texts about ontology, and 2) philosophical texts about Martin Heidegger’s views.Examining 112 non-philosophical Persian texts, showed that more than half of the equations were assigned to “Hastishenasi”, which was to be expected because it is an accurate translation of the ontology. But the tendency of authors to use “Hastanshenasi” and “Hastannegari” in recent years, shows the understanding of the difference in the meaning of this concept in the philosophical and non-philosophical fields. Most of authors have only mentioned that “ontology comes from philosophy” and a few authors have stated the reason for choosing the equivalent. For the second part of this concept, Hori’s, Fadaei’s and Lynch’s reasons do not leave any doubt in the acceptance of “Negari” instead of “Shenasi”. But for the first part of this term, regarding Heidegger’s persistence in distinguishing between “being/existence” and “beings/ entities”, it is necessary to separate the using this concept in philosophical and non-philosophical domains, by preferring “Hastan” to “Hasti”. Then the author suggests “Hastannegari” for non-philosophical texts.Due to Heidegger’s critique to Aristotle’s categorization for integrating of possible states of beings, we must be more careful in using and quoting this theory in non-philosophical texts.Finally, despite the above results and even the existence of the countless sources in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS), the author raises a new question: is the term (ontology) appropriate for what we do in non-philosophical texts and couldn’t we select an independent term without borrowing this term from philosophy? In order to answer this question, the author suggests an independent research, especially by studying on lexical sources and linguistic theories

This research aims to identify and analyze the relationship between the field of knowledge and information science with the problems of Kermanshah province from the professors' and graduates' viewpoints of this field.

The research approach is qualitative. Data analysis is done with the qualitative content analysis method. The studied samples were selected by purposive sampling method. Finally, 20 professors and graduates of the knowledge and information science field were interviewed.

The responses were categorized into three axes. The first axis was the knowledge and information science field and its dimensions, in which the interviewees' definitions of information were more in line with the traditional, engineering, and mathematical views and system-oriented approaches to information. information issues also were introduced mostly around books and libraries. The interviewees' opinions in the second axis, regarding Kermanshah province and its issues, were to have agricultural and tourism capacity for Kermanshah province which not using these capacities was introduced as one of the important issues of the province. The relationship between the knowledge and information science field and Kermanshah province and its issues were discussed in the third axis. Professors and experts emphasized on lack of applying of specialists' opinions of knowledge and information science field to solve the problems of the province.

The knowledge and information science field should be reviewed systematically and methodically in all aspects of identity, education, research, entrepreneurship, and foresight, considering the three important elements of depth, comprehensiveness, and modernity.In the development planning for the province, each area presents plans and programs in different formats, but in this planning, the information aspect has been neglected; and the professors and graduates of the knowledge and information science field do not have a plan and strategy in mind in a codified and coherent way.