جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « innovation policy » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

The contemporary world is facing numerous, momentous and intertwined environmental, technological, economic, political, and cultural challenges. In this regard, in the last two decades, scholars have developed social, environmental, sustainable, responsible, inclusive, mission-oriented and challenge-oriented policy approaches to expand the policy discourse of transformative innovation in response to the shortcomings of the systematic innovation policy discourse. However, the distinction between the philosophical foundations of the discourses is relatively hard; therefore the divergence of research is extremely likely due to the ambiguity in the scope and precise theoretical definition of the alternate discourse. On the other hand, despite the theoretical development, transformational policymaking has not been very popular among policymakers due to its unknown nature. Therefore, this article aims to identify the equivalent, differentiating, and exclusive aspects of systematic and transformative innovation policy discourses. In this regard, based on the systematic background review method, first, the keywords of the discourses were searched in the Scopus database and 2401 English journal articles were identified. Then 42 articles were selected based on the title, abstract and content filtering and were studied to extract the philosophical foundations of the discourses. Based on the findings, the dependence of the innovation trajectory on the regime, participation based on the impossibility of centralized policymaking, and diverse and evolutionary selection were identified as the equivalent features. Also, attitudes toward the role of innovation (key position in economic development against the lack of social and environmental development with technological progress), typology of the required innovation (within the system versus beyond the system), the policy intervention rationale (system failure versus transformation failure) and the level of policymaking (emphasis on the national level against the multi-level approach) were suggested as differentiating factors. Finally, non-market, institutional, and social development, non-linear approach to innovation, and the inherent lack of optimality were identified as the exclusive dimensions of systematic innovation discourse, while the necessity of a normative approach toward innovation, attention to both development and destruction, and radical change in gradual stages were recommended as the exclusive aspects of transformational innovation discourse.

Empowered human resources are one of the most important factors in the development of innovation in enterprises. In terms of innovation policy studies, governments use policy tools, especially in private businesses, to improve innovative performance. Designing a policy model is very important for government support for capable human resources in knowledge-based companies. In order to design this policy model in Iran, a case study of the knowledge-based specialized duty system facility program has been on the agenda in this research. The data collection method was semi-structured qualitative interview and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on the proposed model in this researchDesigning a policy based on providing an identification and evaluation system for individuals and companies needs to be considered in other policies. Strengthen the project development framework and performance monitoring model of applicants using intermediary institutions such as private brokers and specialists and technical consultants. Also, establishing coordination in the body of government and governance with the design of an appropriate governance system and the use of technological infrastructure will have a serious impact on the evolution of the policy model.

Recent studies indicate that the topics and issues of innovation have moved away from a purely technical approach, and innovative concepts have gone beyond the common Schumpeterian approach that saw innovation in the product, process, market, and new organization. In this regard, some types of innovations have been highlighted, whose innovative drivers are no longer technology in the conventional sense of policy-making ideas, and they have distanced themselves from past innovations in a Schumpeterian sense; Therefore, in present research, post-Schumpeterian innovations have been addressed. Post-Schumpeterian innovations are suitable options for breaking the rigid technological regime of products and services by changing their technological path from Schumpeterian patterns. In this research, position and paradigm innovation, social innovation, design and redesign innovation, semantic and symbolic innovation, inclusive and universal innovation, and frugal and pro-poor innovation have been called post-Schumpeterian. In the first part of the research, in order to extract the challenges, after studying the subject areas, coding techniques were used to identify hidden categories and themes in the interviews and documents, and in the second part, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach was used; Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to answer the research question. The newness of research in this field, path dependency, domination of economy-oriented ecosystems in the country, lack of legal infrastructure of industries and creative companies, policy-making institutions and multiple trustees, are some of the issues that have been identified as the challenges of this transition.Keywords: Post-Schumpeterian innovation, Non-technological transitions, Innovation policy, Innovation management, Creative and cultural industries.

New technology-based firms (NTBFs) are the driving force of innovation and technological progress and play a key role in job creation and economic growth.  Given the positive economic and social externalities and existing challenges in the growth path of these firms, governments engage in various support policies. Therefore, evaluating the success of these policies is very essential. In Iran, the Vice President for Science and Technology has implemented policies to support NTBFs since 2013. This study evaluates the effect of innovation policies on improving the probability that NTBFs transit to the growth stage, using official data. The results from a logit model confirm a positive impact from tax credits, low-interest loans, and counseling services on the probability of transition. Also, firms with high-technology products have a higher probability of achieving the growth stage compared to firms with medium-technology products. Finally, NTBFs working in the field of "information and communication technology" have the highest probability of success, while those in the "biotechnology" sector have the lowest probability. Differences in the growth probability in different sectors emphasize the importance of sectoral sectoral prioritization and vertical policies opposed to general and horizontal policies. Effective policies should be analyzed together with highly responsive sector in drafting optimal support policies.

One of the important approaches in public procurement for innovation policy is the provider-supplier approach, and this study seeks to provide an appropriate policy framework for developing a Buyer vs. Supplier Perspective of Oil Industry Equipment Innovation model in Iran's oil industry through a case study of supplying 10 essential commodities in the oil industry. For this purpose, a qualitative case study has been used in the research method. Method of data collection in the first step, policy documents and reports related to the ten basic Equipment project and in the second step, purposeful interviews and interviews are semi-structured. The policy model presented in this paper for public procurement for innovation in Iranian oil industry equipment shows the supplier-buyer approach; The policy goal of the 10-item plan was to reduce imports and meet the basic needs of Iran's oil industry, especially in the face of sanctions, and the development of technology and stimulating the demand for innovation was a secondary goal. This issue has been reflected both in the selection of items and in the process of selecting the winners, and has changed the course of policy implementation from demand stimulation tools to in-house procurement policy. On the other hand, the dissolution of the centralized purchasing trustee and executor of the 10 items project, defects in the evaluation system, especially the subsequent evaluation of the approved roadmap, and finally problems in financing the project have disrupted the effective implementation of the policy.

The historical study of duality between neoclassical economics and evolutionary economics as the two main schools of economics in the field of science, technology and innovation policy (STIP) and its role in adopting different technology development strategies are the main objective of this research. Each of these schools have different analytical approaches and frameworks. On the one hand, the theoretical frameworks of neoclassical economics are articulated with fundamental assumptions such as instrumental rationality and rational choice, the possibility of achieving long-term equilibrium, existence of the science and technology market, and so on. In contrast, the evolutionary economics, which is generally viewed as a heterogeneous group of economic doctrine that have fundamental critique on neoclassical economics, in its field of science, technology and innovation, focuses on policy implications like the absence of a long-term equilibrium in science, technology And innovation and focus on topics such as absorption and learning capacity instead of the science and technology market. In this framework, the present paper, by examining the exact and historical theoretical assumptions and conceptual frameworks of these two schools of economics, has tried to examine the implications of these distinctions in the field of policy. The results of this research show that, despite the wide variations in the theoretical foundations of neoclassical economics and evolutionary economics, the policy implications of these schools in the field of technology and innovation policy have become convergent and complementary in recent years. The issue in Iran, despite the differences of opinion, can be seen to a large extent in policy making.

It has been about three decades since the formation of the concept of national innovation system and today it has become widely spread among policy makers as well as among scholars in science, technology and innovation all over the world. During its rapid growth and widespread, some disagreements about its basic and fundamental issues have been created. What is a national system of innovation? How has it developed? What is the theoretical core of the concept? Who makes use of it? Why is it useful for policy making? How can it be applied to developing countries? What are its main limitations? The present study tries to give a depth analysis of all these questions. Finally, in order to illustrate the application of the concept, Iran is selected for an analysis at national level. Keywords: National Innovation System, Innovation Policy, Innovation Models It has been about three decades since the formation of the concept of national innovation system and today it has become widely spread among policy makers as well as among scholars in science, technology and innovation all over the world. During its rapid growth and widespread, some disagreements about its basic and fundamental issues have been created. What is a national system of innovation? How has it developed? What is the theoretical core of the concept? Who makes use of it? Why is it useful for policy making? How can it be applied to developing countries? What are its main limitations? The present study tries to give a depth analysis of all these questions. Finally, in order to illustrate the application of the concept, Iran is selected for an analysis at national level.

The complexity of the science, technology and innovation issues and the difficulty of understanding innovation policies effects, on the one hand, and the low effectiveness or undesirable effects of many of the existing policies, on the other hand, highlights the need for more precision in the formulation and selection of each element of them. designing a new policy or reviewing and criticizing proposed or existing policies, needs a framework that specify the essential elements of these policies in order to allow the analysis of the proportionality between their elements. Accordingly, these article examines the essential elements of policy programs and provides a framework for developing these programs based on these elements. Finally, the application of the proposed framework in the criticizing of existing programs is shown by reviewing the Iran's Sixth Development Plan in the field of science and technology.

Policy evaluation is essential for governments to improving effectiveness and accountability. In science, technology, and innovation (STI) domain in line with the growth of national and regional policymaking, the literature and experiences of policy evaluation have been developed. In this paper, after reviewing concepts and various components of policy evaluation including criteria, timing, methodologies, and indicators a complete evaluation process with its all modules is presented. The main criteria including appropriateness, efficiency, and effectiveness with their indicators, quadruple timing including ex-ante, real-time, intermediate, and ex-post evaluation, triple levels of aggregation including policy, program, and activity as well as quantitative, qualitative, and semiquantitative methodologies are mentioned as evaluation components that prepare necessary information for evaluation expert groups in a systematic process. The results of policy evaluation are always published and provide feedback to policymakers for improving the goals and programs. The paper also discusses the evaluability of policies and at the end presents an evaluation experience for nanotechnology policies in Iran.

According to the driven role of knowledge and technology in the development of countries and the public goods of knowledge, the economic exploitation of knowledge and technology requires their proprietary. Policy-making on protecting and its requirements is important and policy setting, on the one hand, encouraging innovation processes for creators and entrepreneurs, and, on the other, modifying these policies in such a way that the rete of development and dissemination of knowledge overshadowed the strong regulation. These policies vary depending on the development situation of each country. Therefore, government involvement in setting innovation policy in the intellectual property system is essential issue. This intervention will be at the level of the components, namely, regulations, Institution, organizations and actors, and at the level of functions. Therefore, in this chapter, after a brief introduction, the role of intellectual property in economic growth and the scope and the role of each intellectual property protection type will be presented. Then, the necessity of government intervention will be expressed in policy making and institutional norm settings, depending on the different approaches from the perspective of the type of government intervention. In continuous, the intellectual property system will be described in terms of its structures, laws and actors, and then some policies regarding to the intellectual property infrastructure will be presented. In the end, the status of Iran in the aforementioned points will be discussed along with two examples of areas of application and significance importance.

The complexity of the science, technology and innovation issues and the difficulty of understanding innovation policies effects, on the one hand, and the low effectiveness or undesirable effects of many of the existing policies, on the other hand, highlights the need for more precision in the formulation and selection of each element of them. designing a new policy or reviewing and criticizing proposed or existing policies, needs a framework that specify the essential elements of these policies in order to allow the analysis of the proportionality between their elements. Accordingly, these article examines the essential elements of policy programs and provides a framework for developing these programs based on these elements. Finally, the application of the proposed framework in the criticizing of existing programs is shown by reviewing the Iran's Sixth Development Plan in the field of science and technology.

In order to improve understanding of the structure and dynamics of innovation systems, researchers and policy analysts have studied the various empirical cases. However, policymakers often face with problems in exploiting practical strategies. Among the different approaches to innovation systems, the technological innovation system has a close relationship with the concept of innovation policy. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the technological innovation system, its structures and functions and also to analyse this concept for a scheme of innovation policy and technology development. The influence of contexts and life cycles that affect the policy process are also considered. Finally, in order to illustrate the application of the concepts, the photovoltaic technological innovation system in Iran is investigated.

Many scholars emphasis on regulation as a one of innovation policy instrument, recently. The variety of regulation and increasing cost of financial innovation policy instruments justify the design and usage of regulation, however, direction and stringency of its effect is a crucial matter for policymakers. It is a necessity to understand why/how/what regulation take effects on innovation. Hence, this paper aims to clarify this effect mechanism from government intervention, economic theories, value chain, and cost compliance perspectives. Also, traditional regulatory frameworks are criticized by the changing environment of firms and industries that are affected by increasing competition and, consequently, emerging disruptive innovation. The dynamic regulation frameworks are the developing response to these criticisms that I describe their important features. Finally, this research tries to provide evidence of the effect of regulations on innovation by presenting how the rules and regulations apply to pharmaceutical firms in Iran.

Competitive Business Environment has led companies to constantly prosper for generation of new ideas RD Collaboration is one of the mechanism that firms apply to promote innovation processes in their products and services RD Collaboration is trackable in vertical and horizontal modes in literature Some countries experiences in this matter shows that government support has had a special role in such cooperation mechanisms To investigate this hypothesis in this research we have gathered data from knowledge based companies in Iran which of them were receiving government support Data of collaboration types is from and and the hypothesis was to check for government support effect significance in on firms cooperation level After validity and reliability of data were tested and confirmed the Propensity Score Matching PSM methodology was used to investigate model hypothesesResult indicates that government support in the form of RD subsidies has significant effect on both vertical and horizontal collaboration modes However analysis of collaboration type under each mode shows that the most significant effect has been on scientificacademic collaboration and then internal cooperation advisory collaboration collaboration with suppliers have been more affected respectively

Fast growth of creative industries in recent years lead countries to pay special attention to creative industries in their economies. This leads governments to exert innovative policies to encourage companies to enter creative industries. This problem raises the question that how much money do the developing countries invest in creative industries and what is the role of innovative policies in companie's entry to creative industries. The objective of the present paper is to investigate the role of innovative policies in companie's entry to creative industries in Middle East and selected countries of Asia, Europe, America and Oceania using UNCTAD criteria of communication, financial and administrative factors. To do so, network externalities, bank's profitability and start up procedures were used as criteria for communication, financial and administrative factors, respectively. The results showed that network externalities and profitability of the banks have positive and significant relationship and start-up procedures have negative and significant relationship with firm's entrance to creative industries. These results are useful for policymakers to make better and much more precise policies in infrastructural, legal and financial sectors.

In recent years، researcher have considered public- private partnerships (PPP) as one of the policy tools to develop science and innovation because of its capacity and benefits to meet the social obligations of government، for example، in construction، developing infrastructures، electricity networks and urban spaces، as well as to help private sector in financing and market accessing. This paper reviews the history and literature of the formation of technological PPP as well as the models and research on the role and effects of the policy in meeting the goals of innovation policy. Finally، it concludes، a variety of technological PPPs in different contexts have different impacts on innovation policy goals.

Innovation systems literature refuses similar policies to the innovation-based development across different types of regions; no one size fits all. Furthermore، the theoretical literature، specially the broad approach to innovation systems has largely advocated the impact of social factors such as trust and believes on innovation behavior of regions. Iran is a vast country، includes a great diversity of ethnicity and culture، which make it a proper case to study the impact of social factors on regional innovation behavior. Considering some social factors، such as trust and collectivism; and some social actions، such as interactive learning، we provide a regional innovation behavior typology in this paper. We study similarity and difference in regional socio-economical properties of 28 provinces of Iran in two 4-years periods and compare their innovation performance. The typology forms the basis for region-specific innovation policies.

Nowadays, the establishment of science parks is a basic strategy for promotion of regional businesses and establishing innovative regions. Policy makers often utilize theories of innovative regions and count less on local points of strength and weaknesses. Science parks are part of national/regional innovation systems, so it seems rational to expect that the development policies for such parks should have a consistency with the development policy of the host regions. The assumption in this paper is that regional innovation policies which suitable for less-innovative regions serveay good guides for the development of science parks of Iran. In this paper, the literature on innovation barriers and various policies suggested for less-innovative regions are studied, with the aim of extending these to science parks. Iran is provinces are clustered on the basis of innovation-related data,. Three groups of clusters are identified: fragmented metropolitan regions (including two provinces), locked-in industrial regions (including eight provinces) and peripheral regions (including 18 provinces). Finally, for each of these, some science park development policies are suggested.