جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "امنیت" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

 Economic security is one of the most important aspects of national security and one of the most important principles of the basic infrastructure of countries to achieve economic development and improve the level of social welfare; The present study tried to identify the concepts and functions of sport in empowering economic security.

 The method of the present study was qualitative and in order to explain the paradigm design of the subject under study. The statistical population was equal to the study sample and included 13 experts (books، articles، notes، etc.) in the field of sports economics and political economy who were selected using snowball sampling and theoretical saturation.

Findings of the present study indicated after studying the related concepts and using the Delphi technique sport had 27 concepts in providing economic security, which were finally classified into 3 categories: health, employment, and investment.

 Sport is a low-cost and useful tool in creating wealth، which seems to require special attention in the three areas of employment, investment and health can contribute to the economic development of the country.

One of the most important issues for the stadium audience is safety and security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective safety and security factors in stadiums with an aggressive approach to preventing spectators from competing in football leagues.The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The sampling method is non-random and purposeful sampling. The face and content validity of the interview questions were evaluated and approved by 6 sport management professors and then by 14 experts in the field including sport management elites, specialists and managers. Football and law enforcement staff and security officials were interviewed and continued to theoretical saturation, with data analysis through open coding (component or badge), pivotal (subordinate) and selective (key factors) in this study) Was performed. Based on the findings of the present study, a total of 32 safety and security indices were identified which consist of three main factors (service, control and special circumstances) and eight sub-factors of the main factor. According to elite and soccer experts, safety and security factors (stadium facilities, tickets, physical inspections, security measures, high-risk events and conditions) have an impact on preventing aggression in football spectators.

Religious and political challenges with Saudi Arabia in the last decade, followed by the burning of the Saudi embassy in Tehran, invited the sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially national an club’s football, to a new problem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-diplomacy of Iranian football as a geopolitical challenge against Saudi Arabia. The present study was a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type of library studies in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection; The statistical population was equal to 54 works of international sports relations and in particular sports diplomacy in the Middle East region and the statistical sample was equal to the contents about Iranian football anti-diplomacy, soft power of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The findings of the present study showed that the national teams of Saudi Arabia and Iran, as the main players in the Arab world and the Middle East, respectively, have played a significant role in the development of football in this region and many Asian football achievements, including being on the championship platform in the Asian Champions League. And attending the FIFA World Cup has been the result of the two countries' attention to football as their most popular sport; Finally, football in the confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East can be a tool for convergence and as one of the basic geopolitical codes of the two countries, which with its soft nature can open a diplomatic path in re-examining the relations between the two countries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective concepts of sport on the formation of cultural-social security; The statistical population of the present study was equal to the statistical sample and equal to 13 experts in the field of political science and sports science (articles, books, notes, interviews) in the field of security; The present sample was continued using purposive sampling (snowball) and Delphi technique until theoretical saturation was achieved; Findings of the present study showed 38 important concepts affecting sports on effective social and cultural security, which are among the concepts related to cultural security, cultural understanding (4.13), cultural interactions (4.18), cultural reconciliation (3.97). And the National Islamic Cultural Show (04/02), respectively, the most important categories that form cultural security and among social security, crime rate reduction (4.69), social equality (4.16), lifestyle change (4.12) Mental health (4.11) and social cohesion (4.03) were the most important concepts of exercise on social security; In addition, the importance of sports on social security (4.22) was more than its importance on cultural security (4.07).

One of the factors contributing to the sustainable development of the tourism industry is the sense of security of tourists. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the perception of the risk of Iranian tourists to host the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, with the effect of loyalty to the Iranian national team in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. The present study is a descriptive - survey method and in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of this study was Iran's national team supporters in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. Data gathering tools were Mousavi et al. (1392), Floyd et al. (2004) and Perceived Feelings Questionnaire (1392). The risk of Sonnames and Graffe (1998) was at the time of During the Esteghlal Tehran - Sanat Naft Abadan match (December 7, 2018) from the Premier League matches, the fourteenth week, and the Persepolis – Pars Jenobi Jam match (December 14, 2018) from the Premier League matches, the fifteenth week which 380 questionnaires were available. To analyze the obtained data, descriptive and inferential statistics (simple regression test) were used and analyzed using SPSS 22 software. According to the findings of this study, the effective factors on the perceived risk perception of the destination in this study, namely, the type of travel risk, the experience of previous trips, the experience of traveling to the host city of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, had a significant effect on the perceived risk of the destination of the Iranian tourists. The results of the present study indicate that the organizers of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers have been able to provide appropriate risk management for international tourists in terms of creating confidence and lack of risk in relation to the host city and sports event.

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the role of law enforcement in urban security development with emphasis on sporting events. This study was a descriptive-analytical one that was done in a qualitative-quantitative manner. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts in the fields of sport and law enforcement who specialized in sport and law planning issues. Based on the purposeful method, 21 individuals were selected as the sample and cooperated in the research. The research tool identified 15 researcher-made questionnaires that included 15 factors influencing the improvement of the role of law enforcement in urban security development with emphasis on sporting events. And after investigations in the Delphi method, this component was identified. Electrode method was used to rank the factors. The whole process of analyzing the research data was performed using Electra Slave software. According to the results of the Electra method, it has been found that creating a proper police force structure in shaping and implementing sporting events to improve urban security by controlling 13 of the most important factors affecting the factors contributing to improving the role of law enforcement in urban security development with emphasis on sporting events. It is recommended that specialized police structures and committees be established to improve sports programs to enhance urban security.

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport management experts comprising 11 Delphi community members. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of managers and staff of Karaj sport facilities (N = 785). In the qualitative section, all 11 experts who were the members of Delphi panel were selected as the research sample. In the quantitative section, given the nature of the study, 150 subjects were randomly selected in the research instrument design phase; they performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire with 51 items and 12 components was used in this study. The components included environment control (4 items), entrance control (5 items), qualification and accreditation of individuals (4 items), physical protection systems (4 items), risk management (4 items), emergency management (5 items), communication (3 items), security personnel (4 items), education (modeling and simulation) (5 items), protection against toxic substances (4 items), sport facility structure (6 items) and cultural practices (4 items). Each item was on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was face and construct. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management professors. KMO test was used for sampling adequacy and to understand if the number of items were enough to predict each component. Bartlett test was used to determine if the items were adequately correlated. In inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The following components were identified: environment control, entrance control, qualification and accreditation of individuals, physical protection systems, risk management, emergency management, communications, security personnel, education (modeling and simulation), protection against toxic substances, sport facility structure and cultural practices.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security of Iranian sports complexes. The mixed research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of this study consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, sports management experts have comprised 11 Delphi panel members. In the quantitative section, the statistical population of this study is managers and staff of Karaj sports complexes (N = 785). In the qualitative section, all 11 Delphi Panel Experts have been selected as the sample. In the quantitative section 121 questionnaires have been returned to the researcher. The process of performing this research can be described in two general studies. In the first study, based on the fuzzy Delphi method, experts have identified the most important factors affecting the security of sports complexes: Environmental Control, Entrance Control, Qualification and Accreditation, Physical Protection Systems, Risk Management, Emergency Management, Communications, Security Personnel, Training (Modeling and Simulation), Protection against Toxic Substances, Sports Location Structure and Cultural Activities. In the second study, the factors obtained from the previous study have been distributed among the members of the sample through a questionnaire and the factors have been prioritized using multi- Attribute decision-making methods. The results of this study show that physical protection systems are the most important factor in securing sports complexes, followed by security personnel, sports facility structure, qualification and accreditation, entrance control, emergency management, environmental control, Education, risk management, communication, protection against toxic substances and cultural practices.

The main purpose of the present study was to compare Iranian and foreign websites of sports apparel based on webometric index. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, practicality, statistical population of the research, consisting of authentic Iranian and foreign sports apparel websites, among the various twelve sites including six Iranian sites (merooj, pishkoh, jamjam, hafafsport, allsport, bofofo) and six external sites including (Adidas, nike, reebok, uhlsport, pouma, fila). The research tool was a researcher-made checklist. The checklist includes eleven dimensions (site specification, visual layout design, navigation, technical, reaction time, product information quality, product diversity, audience level, product order quality, shipping cost and security) and 56 questions. The method of data collection was observational-objective. The face validity of the questions was confirmed by sports and computer management experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by agreement between assessments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman test was used to rank the questions. The results show that there was no significant difference between the investigated components in Iranian and foreign sites in terms of eleven dimensions and the selected sites had high quality in their sites. As a result, according to the findings of the research, webmasters and executives of Iranian and foreign sites can increase their site development with more innovations and capabilities in the site to improve the performance of the sites among users.

Each year, the sport events host thousands of tourists who come to participate and watch the games. Provision of a safe and secure environment for these tourists is necessary. Therefore, in this work, the role of management and planning in sport tourism security management is investigated, and the factors affecting the management and planning of event security are identified.

Millions of spectators attend the sporting events annually, necessitating the provision of a safe and secure environment for these patrons in the sports tourism destinations. Despite the incidents such as the crowd problems, fires, bombs, structure collapses, and overcrowding as well as threats of terrorism in sport events, there must always be a mindset that the safety of sport tourism can potentially be compromised. In the area of security, the lack of planning can have devastating consequences and increase the likelihood of disaster. Thus, exploring the critical factors affecting the issues related to management and planning in the field of tourism security seem to be essential. In order to prevent the possible threats, the sports event authorities and organizers should be encouraged to focus on the strategies that might reduce the risks and threats, while developing the plans, policies, procedures, and effective security measures in order to enhance safety and security.

The methodology of this research work was applied in terms of purpose, the data collection was descriptive-survey, and the research approach was mixed. 17 semi-structured interviews with the experts were conducted to provide the data on the main factors affecting the sport tourism security management. A 31-item questionnaire related to the impact of planning and managing on the security of the sport tourism was designed, and 240 keys answered them. The data obtained was analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in order to identify the factors involved, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) that was conducted to test the impact of the identified factors and items on the sports tourism security.

The results obtained showed that planning and management were the main factors affecting the sport tourism security management. In addition, the human resource management, event management, risk management, crisis management, and collaborating event organizers as five sub-factors for planning and management affect the sports tourism security. According to the results obtained, a proper human resource management and the use of skilled manpower to ensure the security of sporting events as well as the proper planning and consideration of risk management and crisis approaches can increase the security and increase the satisfaction of the tourists present at the events.

Background & Purpose:

This study aimed to identify factors affecting on the security of the Iranian football stadiums and develop an appropriate questionnaire in this context.

In the qualitative phase of the study, critical factors affecting on the security of the stadiums were identified and a 98-items questionnaire was emerged. In the quantitative phase, 144 participants (police officers, football organizers, stadium managers and university professors) answered the questionnaire. After exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, final questionnaire formed by 83 items in format of four main and 12 secondary factors affecting the security of the Iranian football stadiums.

The results demonstrated that fit indices of the research model in the first and second-order CFA are convenient and based on second-order CFA results, infrastructure (t=14.69, p=0.05), physical protection (t=13.45, p=0.05), personnel and staff (t=13.05, p=0.05) and game planning and management (t=12.29, p=0.05) are four critical factors affecting the security of the football stadiums. Based on the EFA, the divergent validity of the questionnaire verified.

Designed questionnaire in this study has appropriate validity and reliability and it can be used after adjustment in the future researches in the area of the security of the sport facilities and particularly football stadiums. Furthermore, factors and items presented in the questionnaire can assist football organizers and also sport facility managers to employ proper security measures to prevent threats and provide safe and secure environment for audiences at the stadiums.

The aim of this study was to investigate the enterprise architecture (EA) of the status quo at the Sports and Youth General Directorate (SYGD) of Mazandaran Province in order to design a model of the desirable situation. The research method was applied in terms of objectives and descriptive-survey based on quantitative and qualitative analysis using documentary and Delphi methods. The statistical population of this study consisted of all managers and the sample size was 140 persons using Morgan table. Data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was 0.88. To analyze the data, Delphi document analysis methods done with a comparative and deductive approach using SPSS software. The results show that the status quo is moderate in most of the qualitative features (alignment, convergence, integrity, Maintenance and Development, Efficiency, and Security) requires improvements. Therefore, a new service-based model was designed to draw the future status, which was evaluated using the Delphi method. Taking the overall results of this research together, it can be concluded that the proposed model is appropriate to a great extent and acceptable to Iranian architects and specialists.

This study was aimed at investigating the factors influencing capacity improvement of sport spaces for the development of urban security. The study method adapted was a field survey. The study sample includes all university professors and managers of some private and public sports complexes in Tehran. A researcher-made questionnaire was used and designed according to the theory of crime prevention through environmental design and expert opinion. The exploratory factor analysis and group hierarchy process analysis were used for analysis of data. Data analysis was done in SPSS software and superdecision. The results showed that totally 7 factors included 842.42% of the total variance of the questions. The results of the ranking showed that the factors related to the monitoring sports spaces with a normal score of 0.398 are the most important factors concerning sport spaces for the development of urban security. The results also showed that the factors related to programs and activities in sport spaces with a normal score of 271/0 and factors related to access to sports spaces with a normal score of 234/0 are other factors concerning sports spaces for the development of urban security. The results also showed that the factors related to visual and environmental comfort with a normal score of 045/0 are the least important factor compared to other factors related to sports spaces for the development of urban security.

As the security of holding volleyball matches is very important, the purpose of this study was to design a model for enhancement of the security of Iranian volleyball halls.

The present study was a descriptive-exploratory study that 115 people from Iranian volleyball halls managers and authorities, heads and experts of volleyball associations of provinces, as well as university professors who were expert in the field of sport events and facility, and violence and aggression, responded modified stadium security questionnaire (Faraji, 2014). The collected data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

The results showed that the Iranian volleyball halls’ security stand on around four principal areas including match planning and management, physical protection of stadium, infrastructure and personnel respectively with 0.94, 0.84, 0.84 and 0.83 factor loadings. Also, the technology has the most factor loading (0.89) for the infrastructure, the toxic and chemical control of stadium has the most factor loading (0.91) for the physical protection, training and practice has the most factor loading (0.85) for personnel and staff, and finally, the risk and crisis management has the most factor loading (0.87) for match management and planning.

According to the results, the development of security in Iran's volleyball halls depends on proper management and planning. For this reason, paying attention to the operational concepts of risk and crisis management, communication and interactions management, quality of match day services and cultural activities are necessary requirements in the field of security of Iranian volleyball halls.

The aim of this research was recognition of varieties and security spheres in Iranian Football Premier League.

Research tool was a self-designed questionnaire by the researcher with 45 items. 7 experts approved the questionnaire’s conceptual validity while its accuracy was based on Cronbach alpha equal to 0.870 (P<0/01). The case study includes 300 people comprising football league authorities, experts in football federations and organizations, faculty members, stadium officials and Premier League clubs. Security factors in sport events were determined and factor loadings of the explanatory varieties of each factor were calculated too. Moreover, SPSS software version 22 along with LISREL version 8.8 was used for data analysis as well as model fitting.

In this exploratory security model, pertinent indicators encompassing security factors, facilities and security services, standard quality, security documentation, physical protection, management the secure quality, hardware and software place management, planning and management, physical testimonies, preventive measures, education, Interaction and Communications were determined.

Finally, it is advisable for those who are in charge of holding sport events, in order to hold safer sport competitions, to pay particular attention to education, management, and planning when considering preventive measures, revealed factors mentioned above and factor loadings of the explanatory varieties of each factor.

This study aimed at identifying critical factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums and prioritizing them using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for future decisions. In the qualitative stage of the study, the main factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums were identified in 12 semi-structured interviews with experts. In the quantitative stage, 17 experts completed AHP questionnaires and compared identified factors in a pairwise manner. 4 factors, namely infrastructure, physical protection of the stadiums, game planning and management and personnel and staff were recognized as those main factors affecting the security of the stadiums. The results of Analytical Hierarchy Process indicated that the infrastructure (weight=0.460) played the most important role in the security of Iranian football stadiums, followed by stadium physical protection (0.204), game planning and management (0.173), and personnel and staff (0.162) respectively. It can be stated that numerous factors affect the enhancement of security levels in football stadiums; however, based on the results of this study, investment in infrastructure, particularly stadium design and building and stadium technology was identified as a critical area that requires attention to improve the security of the Iranian football stadiums.

In this study, the role of the planning and management of the football games on security of the stadiums has been investigated.
Twelve semi-structured interviews with experts (one football expert, two stadium managers, five police officers, and four university professors) were conducted to provide data on the main factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums. A 28-item questionnaire related to the impact of planning and managing football games’ on the security of the stadiums was designed and 144 key participants (including police officers, soccer experts and organizers, and stadium managers) answered them. The obtained data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a varimax rotation in order to identify factors, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which was conducted to test the impact of the identified factors and items on the stadium security.
The results showed that game planning and management is one of the main factors affecting the security of the stadiums. In addition, risk and crisis management, communication management, match day service quality and finally cultural activities, respectively with 0.85, 0.83, 0.84 and 0.86 factor loading, as four sub-factors for game planning and management, affect the security of the stadiums (P Football games organizers’ proper planning and also stadiums managers’ good management will improve the security of the football stadiums by enhancement of spectators’ satisfaction and prevention of violent behaviors.

The aim of the present research was to study the objective dimensions of security and the role of sport organizations in providing and developing security from the viewpoint of foreign sport tourists. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population (equal to the sample) consisted of foreign sport tourists participating in Fajr international sport event (n=394). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The reliability of the questionnaire was (α=0. 83). Binomial test (P=0. 001) in education of crisis management، fluency of event authorities in international languages and their competence in crisis management showed that sport authorities did not perform ideally form foreign sport tourists'' viewpoint. But the significance level and the ratio in binomial test showed that sport managers and tourism authorities performed ideally in these four parts: the public culture of security development (P=0. 074)، providing sport tourists with personal freedom (P=0. 575)، employing volunteers to develop security of sport tourists (P=0. 721)، hospitality and the public and authorities'' appropriate behavior towards sport tourists (P=0. 074) and familiarization of sport tourists with Iranian culture (P=0. 074).

The purpose of this study was to determine the football spectators’ perception about security factors in events holding in Azadi Complex. Therefore the descriptive-survival method was used. The researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach alpha test (p=0.811). Descriptive statistics, k-s test, binomial test, and Mann Whithney U test were used for data analyze. Among studied factors spectators’ attendance path, parking and around stadium control, and stadium entrances control and searching were in a partly appropriate level. Informing and spectators’ awareness of forbidden items and security points, and stadium emergency equipment were in an inappropriate level. Crowd control was in an appropriate level. There are differences between opinion of spectators and event-holding authorities in informing and awareness of forbidden items and security points. Spectators believed that informing and spectators’ awareness of forbidden items and security points was in an inappropriate level, but event-holding authorities believed that informing and awareness of forbidden items and security points was in an appropriate level.

The purpose of present research is determining the role and position of security factor in effective factors influencing development of sport tourism based on present situation and optimum situation. The statistical population of this research includes 62 sport expert and specialists including the professors and students of physical education PhD level majoring management and planning. The tool of present research is consisted of a researcher made questionnaire that was distributed after confirming its justifiability and perpetuity ( = 0.38). After describing the data, we used Freidman test for rating the factors and then we used Wilcoxon test for determining mean differences of factors. According to obtained results, from among 12 effective factors influencing sport tourism, security factor and achieving suitable situation, the factor of security gained first rate. After security, the factor of sport events is considerable that gained first rate in present situation and gained 5th rate in optimum situation. Rating of all factors is presented in this article.