جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « 3 » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The aim of the current research was to identify and examine the strengths and weaknesses of legal policy making in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities.  

This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative type, which was carried out by thematic analysis method. The statistical research community of all officials of the National Paralympic Committee, Sports Federation for the Disable persons, Blind Sports Federation, Sports management experts familiar with the sport of persons with disabilities, experts in sports law and sports champions with disabilities. Sampling was done purposefully and by snowball method. The data collection tool was a depth semi-structured interview. The data was saturated after conducting 16 interviews, but to increase the confidence factor, 3 more interviews were conducted and analyzed (n =19).

The findings showed that the legal policies made in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities are placed in 6 areas, which include: legislative, executive, financial, media, cultural and structural areas. According to the results of the present study, it seems despite the positive results and obtaining favorable results in international and global competitions, the negative points of policies have been more than its positive points.  

Therefore, it demands that the policy makers, in different areas of policy making, pay more attention to the negative points in order to maintain and improve the status of the championship sport of persons with disabilities in the world.

The purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of factors affecting the accountability of managers of sports organizations. 

The method of this research was mixed and its design was exploratory. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts (headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, National Olympic Committee, National Paralympic Committee and heads of sports federations), 17 of them were selected purposefully and based on theoretical saturation. . A semi-structured interview was used to collect data in a qualitative study, and a questionnaire was used to collect information in a quantitative study. In order to check the quality and validity of the findings, the audit of validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability was used, and to analyze the data of the qualitative study, coding was used, and the structural-interpretive analysis method was used for the quantitative study. 

As a result of qualitative data analysis, 12 effective factors on the accountability of managers of sports organizations were identified, and as a result of quantitative data analysis, these factors were categorized into five levels, and the variables of individual context, clarification and disambiguation were identified, awareness and enforcement of rights and specialized field are among the most fundamental layer. 

The results show that in order to move on the complex path of accountability of managers of sports organizations, individual and specialized capacity must be created at the beginning and at the same time, attention should be paid to informing and enforcing rights, as well as clarifying and removing ambiguity.

This study was conducted with the aim of designing a knowledge management model in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization using the qualitative method of grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin approach.

The statistical population of the study included knowledge management experts and executive managers of the Municipal Sports Organization who were selected using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used, which resulted in a total of 58 open codes and in five categories of causal conditions (organizational culture, technology infrastructure, long-term investment, road map).

contextual conditions (support of senior managers, organizational life cycle, skilled manpower and dispersion of organizational centers), intervening conditions (role of governance, material and intellectual property rights and competitors), strategies (human resource empowerment, knowledge-based organization, strategy implementation Knowledge management, reward system redesign and structure redesign) and outcomes (improved decision making, development and creation of new knowledge, increased creativity and innovation and identification) were categorized.

Due to the fact that today, the atmosphere of the organization has changed from its traditional form to knowledge-based, so sports organizations, including the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, must adapt to these changes and adjust their knowledge management strategies.

The present study aimed at investigating and designing a model for developing sports tourism in Iran.

The research methodology applied is combined of both qualitative and quantitative ones. In the qualitative part, open interviews were done with 12 professors and experts in the field of sports who were selected based on a snowball- judgmental method. The data were collected through considering the previous studies and conducting open interviews. In the part devoted to the quantitative study, expert-qualifier and matrix questionnaires were used. In order to assess the face and content validity of the tools and hypotheses, the findings of the study were given to the participants and after they studied the text of the theories, their comments were collected and applied. Results from expert-qualifier questionnaire showed that 15 key factors affect sport tourism in Iran.

Among all the factors, those of local considerations and international relations had the greatest effects on sport tourism. Based on these and the two major factors, 4 different scenarios were presented for the future of sport tourism in Iran; resilient development, the darkness of sport tourism, fragile development and ideal development. According to the ideal development which shows the best possible state for sport tourism, a very proper condition for it would be provided through overcoming international restraints and devising plans based on local and regional capacities. The darkness of sport tourism shows the worst state for it and can only come about due to foreign pressures and restrictions and lack of national efforts for advancing the conditions of sport tourism.

Finally, it is suggested that through identifying the best scenario, it would be possible to make necessary plans in order for the sport tourism to thrive and expand in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to explain the security status of the infrastructures of Iranian football stadiums with emphasis on technology.

The present study was applied - descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was the experts in holding the matches of the Iranian Football Premier League, who in total, 120 people answered the modified questionnaire on the security of football stadiums by Faraji (2014). Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, one-sample T-test (p≤ 0.05) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods.

According to the results, stadium infrastructure (p< 0.05 and t = 8.82) is one of the important factors in securing football stadiums and technology (p< 0.05 and t = 10.81) and stadium design and construction (p< 0.05 and t = 9.27) with factor loads 0.84 and 0.75, respectively, are two sub-factors related to infrastructure that are effective in creating stadium security. According to the results, the status of infrastructure and technology factors was lower than average and the factor of design and construction evaluated as average.

Based on the results, the condition of the infrastructure of the country's football stadiums in terms of technology is not appropriate and it is suggested to football officials to prioritize the infrastructure of this sport in order to improve the security of football stadiums. Also, in the reconstruction or construction of new stadiums, pay attention to the design and construction of the stadium and the use of advanced security technologies in their construction, control and administration.

The aim of this research was to examine the role of media power in the sports diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present research, with a qualitative approach, is based on data foundation, which was conducted in terms of practical objectives and data collection fieldwork. Among the elites in this field, 20 individuals were purposefully selected as snowball samples. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. For the validity and reliability of the research, the acceptability, transferability, and confirmability method was used, and the reliability was obtained at 77% in the retest.

Through the review and analysis of the interviews, 39 codes were identified in the form of 8 concepts in the axis of external conditions, 30 codes in the form of 6 concepts under contextual conditions, 20 codes in the form of 4 concepts under interventionist conditions, 44 codes in the form of 9 concepts in the axis of strategies, 36 codes in the form of 7 concepts related to consequences, and 24 codes in the form of 2 concepts related to the central phenomenon of identification.

The research results showed that factors such as media development, the importance of sports in the media, media position development,cultural exchange in the media, theoretical foundation production in the media,the diplomatic nature of the media, enrichment of leisure time, and other factors played an important role in the media's role in sports diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Considering the importance of the Asian Games, the purpose of this research was to predict the number of medals Iran will win in the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou using time series.

The research method is descriptive analytical and the type of research is applied. The statistical population of the study included the medals that acquired by Iranian from the first course (New Delhi-1951) to eighteenth course (Jakarta -2018) of Asian games. The collection of information was carried out in the form of library that includes books, magazine, journal, Iranian and foreign journal, net and site, with this sources we predicted the result of the sport. In order to test and analyze the data in this research, a descriptive statistic was used to draw tables and charts to predict the medals of Asian games in Hangzhou by 2022 by using the time series statistic.

The result of this study with time series statistics showed that Iran in Hangzhou 2022 Asian games will receive fifty-eight medals and will be in the seventh place in Hangzhou 2022 Asian games.

Sports managers and decision-makers should invest in top disciplines such as: wrestling, weightlifting, non-active disciplines and women's sports disciplines, so that Iran can win more medals in the upcoming Asian Games.

The present research is practical due to providing a new method for predicting customer lifetime value and application in increasing the profitability of sports organizations, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is field type. In this research, using the GMDH artificial neural network, the lifetime value of customers in sports clubs has been calculated and predicted. The sample size in the qualitative section was identified using a targeted non-random method, 18 experts (university professors and sports managers) who had expertise in the fields related to the subject, and direct interviews were conducted with them or an open-ended questionnaire was used. After that, the factors were analyzed and the research tool was made. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.85. In the quantitative part, the statistical population includes 413 male and female athletes who have at least 6 months of sports activity and membership in one of the sports clubs located in the western and northwestern provinces of the country . They had, it was distributed; that due to the dispersion and wideness of the target society, the cluster sampling method was used. The results showed that using this method it is possible to predict the value of life span with an accuracy of more than 95%. Also, the existence of sports infrastructure, financial support of clubs, general well-being of society, effectiveness of sports services, smart sports management and the skill of the coach have a high impact on increasing the customer's lifetime value.

The aim of the current research was to identify and rank the factors affecting the marketing of handball sports in schools. This research is in the category of mixed research from the point of view of its nature. The statistical population in the qualitative and quantitative section includes professors of sports marketing management, veterans and prominent handball coaches in the province, sports managers of Mashhad city and physical education teachers with experience in the field of handball, sports marketing specialists in Mashhad city and handball athletes in Mashhad city. Was. The sampling method was purposeful in the qualitative section and 11 interviews were conducted and in the quantitative section the sampling method was available and finally 214questionnaires were completed correctly. The findings of the research showed that a total of 38 main codes as effective factors on the marketing of handball sports in secondary schools showed that in the selective coding stage, it was found that the38 main codes identified were placed in 8 concepts, and in the theoretical coding stage, it was found that 8 concepts were identified.In the selective coding stage, it is categorized into three general categories (favorable, unfavorable and neutral).Further, the results of Friedman's ranking test showed that there is a significant difference between the factors affecting sports marketing of handball in secondary schools of Mashhad in terms of priority, and it includes technical and specialized factors, event factors, promotion and sponsorship factors, management factors, respectively.supporting and motivational factors, structural factors, cultural factors, and nature factors.

The purpose of this research was to research the main drivers of women's participation in sports. This research was methodologically mixed (qualitative and quantitative) and its design was simultaneous. In the qualitative part, the research strategy was environmental scanning and in the quantitative part, futures research was the method of interaction analysis. The statistical population of this study was experts and reviewed resources that were purposefully selected and based on theoretical saturation and secondary sources, 14 experts in the field of women's sports were interviewed, including managers, officials and experts in women's sports. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and a checklist in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data, the coding method was used in the interview analysis section and the structural analysis method was used in the futures section with the help of MICMAC software. The findings showed that the future of women's participation in sports is affected by 22 variables, but the five variables of healthy lifestyle, holding managerial positions, role and function of media, gender justice and investment in women's sports are driving Are changing the future of women's participation in sports. As a strategic conclusion, it should be considered that the realization of a favorable scenario for the future of women's participation in sports requires the attention and focus of policy makers and planners on the variables that can be changed to the purposeful change and improvement of the system.

The purpose of this current research was to develop a model of factors affecting the improvement of the quality of Iranian football refereeing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of this research is all referees who participated in the pre-season of the Premier League in 2016 (105 people), CEOs of Premier League clubs (16 people), coaches and assistant coaches of Premier League football teams (32 people) and spectators of the league. They were the 17th. Using targeted and available sampling, 683 people were selected as the research sample. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts (10 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling and PLS software were used to analyze the data and check the fit of the model. The results showed that the dimensions of the quality of human resources, financial, material and managerial resources significantly explained the quality of refereeing in Iranian football. Also, the results showed that managerial, technological, human, material and financial resources had the highest priority in the quality of refereeing in Iranian football. According to the results of the research, it can be said that management has a more intervention and persuasive role than other factors. The reason for this problem can be the conscious effect of management. Usually, the effects of arbitration processes are hidden and indirect, but the effects of management are more conscious.

Physical activity of adolescent girls has important benefits and consequences for them, so that it is also vital to increase the health of society; although following the guidelines of the World Health Organization; the prevalence of inadequate physical activity is very high among Iranian women. Therefore; the purpose of this study was to qualitatively study how Iranian adolescent girls' physical activity works from their own perspective using the paradigm pattern. The methodology of research was Grounded Theory, systematic approach. The study population was Iranian girls aged 18-15 years who had regular physical activity. Sampling method was theoretical sampling method and theoretical saturation was obtained after conduct 22 semi-structured interviews with Iranian adolescent girls and review literature. The data analysis methods were continuous questions and comparison. Findings showed: personal motivations, parents, and promoters are causal conditions; sports facilities, society conditions, trainer and security and safety are the context conditions; physical activity of Iranian adolescent girls is a axial category; cultural problems, mismanagement, limitations, insecurity and unsafe, femininity problems, lack of facilities, not having a good trainer and financial problems are interfering or moderating conditions; competitive sports and non-competitive exercises are routine behaviors or actions / reactions; and health, familiarity with the sports industry, improving ethics and behavior and communication, preventive and therapeutic, getting reward, enriching leisure time and body beauty are the main consequences of physical activity of Iranian adolescent girls in the paradigm pattern.

The aim of the present study was explaining and identifying marketing methods in sports startups with a effectuation entrepreneurial approach. The method of the present research is a qualitative method which in terms of purpose is the exploratory one, in terms of results is the basic and applied researches and based on the paradigm is postmodernist research. The statistical population of the study included experts in the field of marketing and sports management and top entrepreneurs of sports startups. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. The semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires of the research for in-depth interviews with experts was acquired by studying researches related to sports start-ups and entrepreneurial approaches and effectuation marketing, and identifying the main and effective components of it. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In order to identify the effective factors , the grounded- theory was used. Data analysis was done by MAXQDA version 2020. The results showed that there are 4 main categories of public environment, operational environment, organizational factors and individual factors as effective factors on the entry of sports startups into domestic and foreign markets. Finally, a paradigm model (tree diagram) of the factors affecting the entry of sports startups into domestic and foreign markets was designed.by following this model, managers and entrepreneurs in the field of sports startups with special attention to the categories and indicators expressed in the model, can provide contexts for success of entering into domestic and foreign markets.

The study aims to identify the causes and consequences of the arrival of famous athletes in the arts industry. For this purpose, the research was done through a qualitative method and thematic analysis strategy based on the approach of Brun and Clark. In this regard, used the purposive sampling method, 15 participants including famous athletes, directors, and faculty members were interviewed and the collected data were analyzed by the 2020 version of MAXQDA software. The results show three main themes for the causes of the phenomenon: athletes' economic development, psychological-social development, and the correlation between art and sports. Moreover, the positive consequences of this phenomenon include the three main themes: developing socio-cultural goals of sports, advancing artistic goals, and economic development of the field of art. Also, the negative consequences of the arrival of famous athletes in the arts industry are two main themes: artistic freezing and sports freezing. According to the recognized themes, it is suggested that famous athletes, in order to participate in various artistic fields, firstly test their talents, and if they have artistic talents, they can do so because, in this way, they can be useful for both sports and art reputation.

Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal pain, causing more disability and clinical symptoms in the knee than in other joints, and according to evidence around the world, it is a major health problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of exercise in water on pain intensity, balance parameters and gait in elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee were randomly selected as subjects and divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The ocular pain scale (VAS) of Romberg test and BESS balance error assessment were used to collect data. The samples performed a water exercise program for 8 weeks under the supervision of a hydrotherapy instructor. Independent and dependent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results showed significant improvement in pain intensity, static balance and dynamic water balance after treatment (P <0.05). The results showed that water exercise program can be considered as a safe and effective training method to improve pain, static and dynamic balance in elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee.

The aim of this study was to determine and rank the factors affecting the stabilization of wrestling in the Olympic Games based on data theory and hierarchical analysis. The research method was mixed. The qualitative data collection tool was through in-depth interviews. After conducting 19 interviews with experts, the codes reached theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously using the Glaser approach. By performing a three-step coding process (open, axial and selective), 44 non-repetitive initial codes were obtained, which were classified into 10 concepts and 3 categories. Then, these indicators were provided to the research samples in a hierarchical analysis questionnaire and the effective factors identified by Sport Choice software based on the AHP method. Were analyzed. The results of ranking the main criteria for stabilizing the position of wrestling in the Olympic Games indicated that the criterion of stabilization barriers (with a weight of 0.445), the first rank of the criterion of development factors (with a weight of 0.308), the second rank and the criterion of facilitators ( With a weight of 0.247) was the third rank from the perspective of experts. It can be said that with a view such as raising the excitement of competitions, passing new rules and regulations, developing the sport among children and adolescents and developing wrestling in emerging countries by the World Wrestling Federation, these obstacles are minimized and the way for agents Facilitated to eventually lead to development factors and pave the way for the stabilization of wrestling at the Olympics.

The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the Prerequisites of entrepreneurship in the sports industry with a green entrepreneurship approach. The approach of the present study is qualitative and theme analysis has been used to design the model and exploratory interview has been used to collect data. The statistical population consists of sports entrepreneurs. Due to the importance of the research topic, sampling of chains (snowballs) has been used and the number of samples for interviews is 12. The results showed that the most important green entrepreneurship in the sports industry are: marketing factors, educational factors and Knowledge, support factors, individual factors, social and sociological factors, economic factors, infrastructure factors and regulatory and regulatory factors, so according to the results, it is suggested that sports entrepreneurs try to grow green entrepreneurship in the sports industry. To introduce to the community and remind that the consumption of products from this range, in addition to preserving the environment, will lead to sustainable development in the economy of each country.

The aims of present study were anticipation motor development of 3- 12 month old infants used of environmental factors. Motor development is affected by genetic factors as well as environmental factors. The environment interacts with and influences heredity even during prenatal period

The study was a descriptive- survey. To this end gross and fine development of 856 infants were evaluated. The applied measures were preparation of the home environment for the infant motor development, the parental postpartum attachment scale, environment Opportunities Questionnaire. Variables included affordance, attachment mother- child, encourage of parent and sibling, fine and gross milestone were dependent variables. The related data were analyzed by, step by step regression.

result show in 3- 8 month old infant attachment mother- child anticipated 0.01 of gross motor development, then affordance of home and encourage of parent anticipated 0.06 of fine milestone. In 9- 12 month old infant, affordance in home anticipated 0.02 of gross motor development. And sibling and encourages of parent 0.06 anticipated fine milestone.

The results show that predicting motor development in children under one year of age is influenced by many complex factors. Awareness of effective factors can help motor development specialists and therapists work to promote the children's fine and gross motor development.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with zinc and magnesium supplementation on muscle strength and agility of soccer players. The present research was conducted through a semi-experimental method and with a research design including pre-test and post-test, with two experimental groups. The population of this research was Pikan football players in 2019, 20 male volunteers aged 20 to 23 years old (youth category) participated, who were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 people: supplement training group and placebo training group. These two groups had 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. All the subjects completed all the stages of the research. To analyze the data in this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. The mean age and standard deviation for the placebo group were 1.87 and 18, respectively, and the mean age and standard deviation for the supplementary exercise group were 18.42 and 1.83, respectively. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of data distribution. Then independent t-test was used. The significance level was considered P≤0.05. The results of the research showed that the consumption of zinc and magnesium supplements has an effect on the muscle strength of football players, and also the consumption of zinc and magnesium supplements increases the agility of football players. Therefore, the results of this research can be used in formulating a food plan with zinc and magnesium supplements.

Achieving physical education goals in schools requires creative teachers, Hence the aim of this study was to examine The impact of Transformational leadership style of school principals on the creativity of physical education teachers with the role of mediator’s Job involvement and creative self-efficacy. The research method was descriptive-correlational, which was done using structural equation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all physical education teachers of East Azarbaijan province in the academic year of 2019-2020, which included 1413 people that the sample size was determined by Krejcie and Morgan table equal to 303. Finally, after the distribution and collection of data, 291 questionnaires were used for analysis. To measure the variables, the Bass & Avolio (1994) Multifactor Leadership, Lodhal & Kejner (2001) Job involvement, the Beghtto (2006) Creative Self-efficacy, and Torrance (1974) creative questionnaire were used. That validity and reliability were confirmed. The findings indicated that transformational leadership style has an effect on creativity and creative self-efficacy of physical education teachers. Job involvement and creative self-efficacy affect the creativity of physical education teachers. The results also showed that transformational leadership style through job involvement and creative self-efficacy indirectly affected the creativity of physical education teachers. According to the findings concluded the transformational leadership style of school principals influences the creativity of sports teachers by providing a reliable and supportive environment in schools and increasing the sense of competence and value and increasing job involvement and increasing teachers' self-confidence and creative self-efficacy.