جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "3" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

Resistance exercise with novel training methods is accompanied by various physiological and psychological responses. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction and hypoxic mask on plasma IGF-1 concentration, blood lactate, and perceived exertion in response to acute resistance exercise in trained individuals.

A crossover design was used in this study. 11 trained individuals (mean age 29.2±5.7 years and body mass index 25.3± 2.7 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three resistance training methods for three consecutive weeks: traditional resistance training (75%-80% 1RM), resistance training with blood flow restriction (20%-50% 1RM), and resistance training with hypoxic mask (20%-50% 1RM). Resistance exercise consisted of four sets of leg press exercises. Blood samples were measured before and immediately after exercise, and to assess the perceived exertion, the subjects reported their status using the Borg scale (6-20 points) after each set of exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, mixed ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. 

All three resistance training methods resulted in a significant increase in blood lactate and perceived exertion (p<0.05) and no change in plasma IGF-1 concentration in the non-restricted method after exercise. Additionally, resistance training with hypoxic mask significantly increased blood lactate concentration and perceived exertion compared to the other two methods (p<0.01).

The results of this research showed that resistance exercise with all three training methods results in different responses in plasma IGF-1 concentration, blood lactate, and perceived exertion, and the magnitude of these changes depends on the intensity and type of exercise used.

Increasing aerobic capacity reduces mortality in heart patients. Exercise is highly recommended to improve Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and lipid profile; however, there is limited evidence on the most effective exercise training method for coronary artery disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to moderate steady-state training (MISS) on improving VO2peak and lipid profile in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 CABG patients were randomly divided into four groups, control, HIIT of 20 seconds (80-100% of maximal aerobic power (MAP)), HIIT of 60 seconds (80-100% MAP), MISS (60-80 % MAP). The training sessions occurred three times weekly over eight weeks using a treadmill, manual ergometer, and leg ergometer, while the control group did not engage in regular physical activity. VO2peak and lipid profile were measured before and after the eight weeks. 

Following an 8-week intervention, VO2peak showed a 15.1% increase in the HIIT20 group (P=0.018), 18.3% in the HIIT60 group (P=0.011), and 11.6% in the MISS group (P=0.041). HDL significantly increased only in the HIIT groups (P≤0.05). LDL decreased significantly in all exercise groups (P≤0.05). TG decreased significantly in the HIIT groups (P≤0.05). TC significantly reduced in the HIIT60 and MISS groups (P≤0.05).

It seems that HIIT exercises perform better than MISS exercises for improving VO2peak and some lipid profile in coronary bypass patients. This better performance was associated with an equal rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and safety with MISS exercises.

In Parkinson's disease, due to disruption of the BDNF/TrkB pathway, dopaminergic neurons are damaged and die. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of six weeks high intensity interval swimming training on BDNF/TrkB pathway in Parkinson rat model.

In this experimental study, fourteen mature Wistar male rats were subjected to Parkinson's disease (PD) through intraperitoneally injection of 5 mg/kg reserpine and then were divided into PD group or training group randomly. Seven healthy rats were assigned to the control group. The rats in the training groups swam 20 times of 30 seconds with 30 seconds of rest between each time, 3 days a week for 6 weeks. After the 6-week intervention, BDNF and TrkB gene expressions were measured in hippocampus.

Data indicated that the BDNF gene expression was lower in the PD group compare to the healthy control and training group (p=0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). No significant differences were observed between healthy control group and training group. For TrkB gene expression also data revealed that this protein gene expression was lower in the PD group compare to the healthy control and training group (p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively), while no significant differences were observed between healthy control group and training group.

According to study results, it seems that high intensity interval swimming training increases brain neurotrophins content and activity in PD. Therefore, this type of exercise is recommended for future research in Parkinson's patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderate and high-intensity endurance exercise combined with safflower seed oil is effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

We divided 35 male rats into seven groups, including: healthy control group (HC), fatty liver control group (FC), fatty liver plus moderate exercise training (FME), fatty liver plus high intensity exercise training (FHE), fatty liver plus safflower seed oil (5 mg/kg of body weight by gavage) (FO), fatty liver plus oil plus moderate exercise training (FOME) group and fat liver plus oil plus high exercise training (FOHE). The induction of NAFLD was accomplished by injecting dexamethasone (DEX:8mg/kg). Training groups ran on the treadmill five days per week at high and medium intensities at the same distance for 10 weeks. Lipid profile and glucose levels in serum along with liver expression of PGC1α and PPARα genes were measured.

The results showed that DEX-induced NAFLD caused a significant decrease in PGC1α gene expression and an increase in serum glucose and TG levels in the FC group compared to the HC group. In addition, PGC1α gene expression was significantly increased in the FHE group compared to the FC, FOME and FOHE groups. A significant decrease was observed in serum glucose and TC levels in the FME, FHE, FOME and FOHE groups compared to the FC group. Also, a significant decrease in the TG level was observed in the FOHE group compared to the FC, FO and FOME groups.

The results showed that only high-intensity endurance training can increase the expression of PGC1α gene, and due to the key role in the transcription of factors involved in fatty acid oxidation and glucose homeostasis in the liver, high-intensity training can be more effective in improving fatty liver disease than moderate-intensity training.

High-quality and less volume exercise that can achieve rapid progress in physical fitness and body composition of basketball players simultaneously and in shorter periods of time are of particular importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks Tabata training on physical fitness and body composition of female basketball players.

Thirty-two female volunteer semi-professional basketball players were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The subjects performed the exercise program for six weeks and three sessions per week. The control group performed only specialized basketball exercises. In addition to specialized activities, at the end of each session the experimental group, did 10 minutes of Tabata training (two sets of four minutes with two minutes of rest between sets). Strength, power, speed, agility, body fat percentage, body mass index, and ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference were evaluated in both groups.

Tabata exercises had a significant effect on post-test scores, strength (p=0.023), speed (p=0.010), body fat percentage (p=0.021), and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.013). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the post-test scores of power, agility, and body mass index of the subjects.

According to these results, the use of Tabata training can be suggested to basketball coaches to increase strength, and speed and reduce body fat percentage, which are very important in basketball.

This study investigates the effect of L-arginine supplementation on VEGF and endostatin responses during a session of Bruce exhaustive protocol in wrestlers.

Fifteen wrestlers, with a mean age of 21.13±2.47 years and a body mass index of 24.1±2.3 kg/m², were selected through voluntary and purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: supplement (n=8) and placebo (n=7). In both the pre-test and post-test, subjects performed the Bruce exhaustive protocol until exhaustion, and blood samples were taken before and immediately after the protocol. Subjects in the supplement group received L-arginine supplementation (0.1 g/kg body weight) for 45 days, while the placebo group received maltodextrin. Both groups continued their specialized training during the supplementation period as in previous weeks. Serum VEGF and endostatin levels were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using paired and independent t-tests.

Changes in VEGF, endostatin, and the VEGF to endostatin ratio in wrestlers after a period of arginine supplementation and following a session of the Bruce exhaustion test were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Although the findings of this study were not statistically significant, it appears that L-arginine supplementation, with a relative increase in VEGF and the VEGF to endostatin ratio, and a decrease in endostatin in the supplementation group, may contribute to the development of the angiogenesis process.

Adiponectin and leptin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. The aim of this study was the effect of 8 weeks of HICT exercises with olive leaf extract on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese elderly women.

In this semi-experimental clinical study, 40 obese elderly women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into four groups: placebo group, extract group, exercise group, and extract + exercise group. The exercises were performed for eight weeks and three sessions per week for 45 to 60 minutes. Subjects took one 125 mg capsule of olive leaf extract after lunch for eight weeks. Leptin and adiponectin blood variables were measured 48 hours before and after the test.

During the paired t-test, a significant decrease (1) in leptin and a significant increase in adiponectin levels were observed in the exercise and exercise + extract groups. (P<0.05). In terms of percentage change, the extract + exercise group showed a greater decrease in leptin levels (23.43%) and a greater increase in adiponectin levels (23.22%) compared to the pre-test. Using the analysis of covariance test to compare the results between groups, a significant difference was found in the leptin index (P=0.01, F=17.10) and adiponectin (P=0.001, F=12.38).

According to the results, prescribing a combined program along with the consumption of olive leaf extract in the elderly with type 2 diabetes can have the greatest effect in improving leptin and adiponectin levels in obese diabetic elderly women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Salvia officinalis extract on the serum levels of caspase 3 after a downhill running session.

12 healthy men (age: 24.38±2.75, weight: 75.57±5.48, BMI: 24.69±1.70) were randomly assigned to two groups of sage supplement and placebo in a crossover manner. Subjects consumed 100 mg capsules of sage extract (two per day) or placebo for two weeks. After 2 weeks, they performed one session of exercise on a treadmill with a negative slope on one day. The exercise protocol included one session of exercise with a negative slope of 12% at an intensity of 70% of maximum heart rate until voluntary fatigue (the average voluntary fatigue of the subjects was 30 minutes). Blood sampling was performed in two stages before and immediately after the exercise session.

There was no significant difference in serum caspase 3 levels between the supplement group and the placebo group in the pre-test (p=0.134). The results of the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that in the supplement group, the changes in caspase levels in the post-test compared to the pre-test were not statistically significant (p=0.650). In the placebo group, the levels of caspase 3 in the post-test compared to the pre-test were significantly higher (p=0.01).

The running downhill as eccentric contractions may lead to cell apoptosis through increasing caspase 3 levels, but short-term consumption of Salvia officinalis supplement is likely to inhibit exercise-induced cell death.

Nowadays, the prevalence of energy consumption among athletes has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of consumption, the reasons for the use of supplements and energy-enhancing drugs and the effects of its abuse in bowling and billiards coaches and athletes in Iran.

371 people were selected as a statistical sample according to the total number of the statistical population based on Cochran's formula. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire among coaches and athletes in bowling and billiard clubs in Iran. SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the data from the questionnaire.

18.1% of all participants were active in both billiards and bowling, and 140 people (37.6% of all athletes) used steroid drugs for reasons of increasing strength and muscle mass. In general, the number of 84 male and female athletes (22.6% of all athletes) agreed on the side effects of taking anabolic steroid drugs in the factor of aggression.

Conclusion :

It seems that according to the attitude regarding the consumption of energizing substances among the athletes of bowling and billiards, it is necessary to design and plan to increase awareness about the side effects and harms of this category of compounds among the athletes in order to Its irreparable consequences should be prevented in Iran.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, specifically superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), following exhaustive aerobic exercise in judo athletes.

Sixteen male judo athletes participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in which they received CoQ10 or placebo. Participants received CoQ10 supplementation for 30 days after completing a first bout of exhaustive aerobic exercise, then completed a second bout of exhaustive exercise. Blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately, and 24 hours after exercise during the two bouts to measure levels of SOD, MDA, and IL-6. These markers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectrophotometric techniques.

CoQ10 supplementation significantly increased SOD levels after 30 days of supplementation compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). MDA and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced during the recovery period after CoQ10 supplementation (p<0.05). These findings suggest that CoQ10 effectively enhances antioxidant defences and reduces lipid peroxidation and inflammation induced by exhaustive aerobic exercise.

CoQ10 supplementation improves oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in judo athletes after exhaustive aerobic exercise. CoQ10 may be an effective nutritional strategy to enhance recovery and reduce exercise-induced cellular damage in high-intensity sports

Inflammatory factors are known as an important mechanism in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases; while regular exercise has anti-inflammatory effects and suppresses low-grade systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of combined exercises with stevia supplementation on serum levels of asprosine, glucose and insulin resistance in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

60 women with type 2 diabetes voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly divided into four groups. The subjects of the exercise group participated in selected sports exercises for 12 weeks and three sessions a week. One gram of stevia extract was taken daily, 15 minutes before the main meal. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, insulin resistance index and asprosin serum levels were measured.

The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the effects of different interventions in the serum levels of asprosine, blood glucose levels, HbA1C and insulin resistance. Combined exercises with stevia supplementation led to a decrease in the serum levels of asprosine in the exercise, supplement, exercise+supplement groups (p<0.001). But these changes were more significant in the exercise + supplement group.

It seems that both intervention methods of combined exercises and stevia supplementation are effective methods in controlling blood sugar and reducing inflammation, and the combination of these two methods is more effective in controlling glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Achieving peak performance in sports is a multifactorial phenomenon that includes genetics, nutrition, physiology, biomechanics and psychology. Nowadays, in addition to sports training, the use of supplements is used to increase the performance and improve the efficiency of athletes. Beetroot juice (BRJ) food supplement, as a natural source rich in nitrates that occurs naturally in vegetables, when nitrates are consumed, they are broken down by anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity by the enzyme nitrate reductase and then in the stomach to Nitric oxide (NO) is converted. NO is a messenger molecule that has the ability to improve vascular function, mitochondrial and respiratory efficiency, glucose homeostasis and muscle contraction.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of beet juice supplementation on some performance factors in athletes.The research method of this study aims to investigate the effect of beetroot juice supplementation on some performance factors in athletes.

The present study showed that beetroot juice supplementation increases aerobic and anaerobic capacity, increases muscle performance and endurance, increases antioxidant capacity, reduces pressure perception, and lowers blood pressure and heart rate in athletes.

Consuming beetroot juice supplement is a good way to improve sports performance and achieve positive training adaptations.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the interactive effect of eight weeks of endurance-resistance training and taurine supplementation on the levels of aldosterone, renin and angiotensin in diabetic male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, out of 50 male Wistar rats, 40 male Wistar rats after induction of diabetes by injecting 55 mg/kg of streptozocin dissolved in citrate buffer (0.05 M with pH = 4.5) were divided into 5 groups. Diabetic exercise (n=10), diabetic supplement (n=10), exercise-supplement group (n=10), diabetic control (n=10) and healthy control group (n=10) were included. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the average of variables in different groups, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between groups. The significance level of the tests was considered P>0.05.

The results of the test showed that at the end of eight weeks, there was a difference between the serum levels of aldosterone in the groups of exercise-diabetic, diabetic supplement, exercise-diabetic supplement, diabetic control and healthy control, and renin and angiotensin in the groups of diabetic exercise, diabetic supplement, exercise-diabetic supplement, and diabetic control. and healthy control there is a significant difference (P=0.0001).

Eight weeks of endurance-resistance training and taurine supplementation caused a significant decrease in aldosterone, renin, and angiotensin in male Wistar rats treated with streptozocin. Therefore, probably, the combination of endurance-resistance training with taurine supplementation can be suitable for controlling high blood pressure, which is one of the complications of diabetes on renal hormones.

Antioxidant supplements can mitigate muscle damage and oxidative stress induced by sports activities. So, in the present study the potential impact of tartaric acid on inflammatory indicators, muscle damage, and anaerobic capacity among young male soccer players was investigated.

Twenty-four young male soccer players (average age: 23.94±1.87 years; weight: 74.37±5.77 kg; maximum oxygen consumption: 48.01±6.80 ml/kg/min) were randomly allocated into two homogenous groups (matched for VO2max) receiving either tartaric acid (n=12) or a placebo (n=12) at a dosage of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight. Blood samples were collected 24 hours prior to and 10 minutes and 24 hours after a RAST test. Statistical analysis was conducted using a 2 x 3 repeated measurements analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05 employing SPSS statistical software version 24.

The supplement group exhibited significantly higher average power performance and peak anaerobic power compared to the placebo group. Moreover, the group × time interaction showed significance in MDA and TAC indices (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in IL-6, lactate, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P<0.05).

The study suggests that tartaric acid consumption contributes to enhanced peak and average anaerobic power, increased total antioxidant capacity, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress resulting from anaerobic power tests. These effects are likely attributed to the polyphenolic and antioxidant properties of tartaric acid.

Success in weight loss is the dream of all obese people, and its achievement depends on many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between weight loss and physical activity، sleep quality of obese and overweight people after participating in a diet program.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of obese and overweight people who referred to Minoo Zeraati Nutrition Clinic in Rasht. The statistical sample of 420 people included 378 women with an average age of 39.59+11.15 and BMI of 30.88+3.06 and as well as 42 men with an average age of 38.11+45.35 and BMI of32.75+4.2. The participants were selected using an available sampling method. Data collection was done through Beck physical activity questionnaires, Pittsburgh sleep quality and a question about the amount of weight loss after a normal diet (50%carbohydrate, 20%protein and 30%fat). Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression in SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between the level of physical activity and the amount of weight loss (r=0.139,p=0.004) and there was a significant and negative correlation between sleep disorder and the amount of weight loss (r=-0.104,p=0.033).

The results showed that higher physical activity level and better sleep quality were associated with more weight loss in obese and overweight people after participating in the diet program. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned factors will increase the probability of success in losing weight with diet.

The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of the effect of the physical characteristics of the environment and sports facilities on citizens' sports participation and perceived enjoyment. The research method was exploratory. The present research was one of the practical researches that was conducted in the field. The statistical population included the citizens of Gorgan city who regularly did sports. Due to the fact that the number of these people was unknown, Cochran's sample size method was used under conditions of unknown population size. Based on this method, 384 people were identified as samples. The instrument of this research was a standard questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present research, the method of structural equations was used. All research data analysis process was done in SPSS and PLS software. The results of this research showed that the physical characteristics of the environment (0.275) and the characteristics of sports facilities (0.663) have an effect on sports participation. The results of this research showed that the physical characteristics of the environment (0.383) and the characteristics of sports facilities (0.563) have an effect on the perceived pleasure. In other words, increasing the level of physical characteristics of the environment and sports facilities can be the basis for improving the level of sports participation and perceived enjoyment.

The purpose of this research was to provide a model of preparation components for virtual and online training of various sports disciplines with a grounded theory approach. This research was conducted qualitatively and with the grounded theory method. The method of data collection was the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open interviews with 17 experts and experts in the field of virtual education, including sports management professors and prominent trainers with online teaching experience, as well as IT professors who were selected purposefully and the interviews It was done until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of this research was checked and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. Its reliability was also confirmed using the study-audit process method. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used in three stages of open, central and selective coding using MaxQD Pro version software. Data analysis showed that 56 conceptual codes and 15 main categories (virtual and online education and electronic preparation as the main phenomenon, physical-psychological health, human resources involved in training and sports capabilities in causal conditions, virtual education culture and information infrastructures and Communication in contextual conditions, factors related to online education, economic situation, laws and policies in intervening conditions, educational strategies and financial planning as suggested strategies and sports, economic and public health consequences) were obtained. Varied and high-quality educational content, motivated, experienced trainers familiar with modern technology, activity in the framework of strategic thinking and financial resources, the development of virtual education in sports.

It has been almost two decades since Iran's sports have progressed towards becoming professional, but according to the reviews, it seems that it is far from becoming professional. This research has a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory nature. The current research is qualitative in terms of generality, according to the scenario writing process. In this research, Peter Schwartz's scenario writing approach has been used. The studied community; There are experts such as sports marketing professors, CEOs of women's premier league clubs and the league organization, and the theoretical saturation criterion in this method ended the number of interviews. Also, the selection method of systematic sampling was done with a network approach. In order to analyze the data in this research, firstly, to identify the status of mutual effects of revenue generating variables of Premier League football clubs in a 10-year horizon, the approach of structural analysis and Micmac software was used. The analysis of the findings showed that only 4 components of the total 24 issues of effective influence on the system are the key drivers of the future revenue generation of the Women's Premier League clubs. The reason for the low revenue generation in the women's premier football league clubs is: not allowing Sedavasima to the clubs of the women's premier football league and the league organization to sell matches to foreign media networks, the state and monopoly of Sedavasima and the absence of private media networks.

The present research was conducted with the general purpose of testing the model of attitude towards the sponsor on purchase intention in the Iranian Premier League with the mediating role of event sponsor suitability. The current research is descriptive of the correlational type and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered a part of applied research. The statistical population of the research included all the fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis football teams in Iran's premier football league in 2019, and the sample size was 402 people using JPower version 3.1 software. The measuring tool of the research included 3 questionnaires of the attitude towards the sponsor on the purchase intention and suitability of the event sponsor. After confirming the face validity (opinions of 8 sports management professors) and content validity (CVI and CVR forms, which were more than 0.8) of the questionnaires with the help of 8 professors and experts, its reliability was also calculated by calculating the alpha coefficient. Cronbach's (more than 0.75) was confirmed and used to collect data. In the descriptive statistics section, the frequency and relative frequency of demographic characteristics of research participants, mean and standard deviation were used. Structural equation analysis was used in the inferential statistics section to investigate the effect of research variables on each other and to design a communication model between them. The results of the current research indicate that the attitude towards the sponsor has a positive and significant effect on the match between the sponsor and the event, the attitude towards the sponsor on the purchase intention of the fans, and the match between the sponsor and the event has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention of the fans. It was also found that the appropriateness of the event sponsor plays a mediating role in the relationship between attitude towards the sponsor and purchase intention.

The purpose of this research was to identify the co-creating factors of value and brand effectiveness of Iran's knowledge-based sports companies. A qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach was chosen. In this research, the statistical population included professors, experts, experts and experts involved in this field, and due to the interdisciplinary approach of the lifestyle issue, it included specialties in the field of sports, psychology and behavioral sciences, sociology, etc. To select the statistical sample, the sample members were first selected in a targeted manner and then as a snowball and continued until theoretical saturation (14 people). The research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. MAXQDA software was used. The results of the analysis of the conducted interviews showed that the three main categories of regular physical activity, healthy nutrition and management are among the co-creating factors of value and brand effectiveness of Iran's knowledge-based sports companies. Therefore, according to the results of the research, it can be suggested that identifying the co-creating factors of value and brand effectiveness of Iran's knowledge-based sports companies is very important and vital for the growth and development of these companies.