جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « commercialization » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Today, spin-offs are considered as a major commercial and economic value in the mission of the new generation of most universities in developed countries. But these companies have not been able to fulfill greatly their main mission in Iranian universities, especially in the field of sport. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying strategies and consequences of establishing university spin-offs in the field of sport in the country. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with an exploration-fundamental nature. The research data were collected through subjective sampling and based on deep semi-structured interviews with experts in this field (university professors, knowledge-based companies' managers, startups, university Spin-Offs, science and technology parks, growth centers, elites in the field of sport entrepreneurship). The number of participants in this study reached 22 using the theoretical saturation index and the findings were analyzed in open, axial and selective coding. Findings indicate that categories such as human, environmental, legal infrastructure, environmental links, sport mother Spin-Offs, educational developments, consulting teams, financial resources, technical resources, central idea, creativity et e were among the strategies for of this study that can help to country economic self-sufficiency, employment creation, new sport businesses, extend university spin-offs in the field of Sport, comprehensive growth of sport, commercialization of sport findings and entrepreneurship of sport science colleges in Iran.

Improper transfer of knowledge and not putting science into practice is a serious gap in Sports. The managerial challenge of knowledge owners and investors is how to return back produced knowledge into the stream of economic and to commercialize their scientific findings. The purpose of this study is to design a commercialization model of sport sciences researches. The present study was conducted by a qualitative approach with an exploratory-fundamental nature. Research data were collected by a purposive sampling method using a snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with commercialization experts. The number of participants in research by the use of theoretical saturation index reached 17. According to grounded theory and constructive approach, data were analyzed and coded. A careful interpretive understanding along with initial, focused and theoretical coding showed that the commercialization process of sport sciences researches becomes objective when its main components, namely Radiation, Reflection, Creation, and Action are well implemented. The resulting model, beyond conventional views, pure devotion to external policies and top-down development, emphasizes the actor Identification approach and the dialectic relationship between actor and reality and can be a starting point for creating discourse and institutionalization of this phenomenon in society and sports economics. The interesting point is that, this model can increase the efficiency of producing knowledge and research and subsequently result in a desirable position in academic entrepreneurship and commercialization of research findings.

The purpose of this study was to predict the market value of professional football players in the Iranian Premier League in the 2020-2021 season of Iranian football.

The present research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study included all Iranian and foreign players working in the Premier Football League of Iran, which was a total of 409 people. The appropriate sample size for the research was calculated to be 200 people based on the sampling formula from the limited population. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis and multiple regression method was used for inferential analysis. 

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between player valuation and age variables, goalkeeper position, midfielder position, striker position, individual awards, foot position and his appearances for a team.

Therefore, it can be concluded that when evaluating, the mentioned factors should be considered to attract the desired players of the clubs in the transfer seasons. In general, it can be acknowledged that the estimated coefficients of this model have the necessary efficiency to determine the market value of professional football players in the Iranian Premier League. According to this study, it is suggested that the factors affecting the evaluation of Iranian Premier League players, including the nationality of foreign players, the popularity of Iranian football players and finally individual skills, by relevant evaluating models, the necessary research be conducted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion, technological creativity and the commercialization of sports science research.

The present study is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of postgraduate students of sports science who were studying in Tehran universities during the years 1398-1397; based on Morgan’s Table, 385 students were selected randomly. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by the opinions of Sport Management professors and experts, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability.   

The results obtained from SMART PLS 3 showed that entrepreneurial passion (along with its five dimensions) and technological creativity each had a direct and significant relationship with the commercialization perception of students' research achievements. At the same time, entrepreneurial passion was recognized as the driving force behind technological creativity.

Sport science students need to establish a balance between scientific and business goals and for moving on the path to commercialization, use their strong positive emotions and Identity Makers to transform their ideas (knowledge) into innovative phenomena.

In the contemporary era, all different parts of human life and even their physical activities have been affected by the advancement of technology. in other words technology has a great role in our life. This study aimed at investigating ways to improve the use of new technologies for the development of recreational sports.

Through the qualitative method data were collected by interviews. in order to analyze the qualitative data, the thematic analysis method was used (Brown and Clark, 2006).

The findings showed that the strategies to improve the use of new technologies for the development of recreational sports were divided into nine groups: 1) co-creation and facilitation of technology use, 2) technology ecosystem design, 3) innovation, 4) technology pilot, 5) technology marketing, 6) The effect of proximity, 7) generalization, 8) commercialization of public sports, and 9) stimulating the use of technology in sports.

According to the results of this study, in order to be able to move in the country in line with the progress made in the international arena for the development of recreational sports, we must take a step towards piloting technology and developing and commercializing recreational sports technology by creating an ecosystem.

This research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of factors affecting the commercialization of sports.

The research method was performed qualitatively using a systematic design of data-based theory. In order to gather information, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were used and information was analyzed by Gliseir paradigm. The statistical population of the study included professors and activists in the field of sports economics. Targeted theoretical techniques and snowballs were selected. Due to the limitations of the community, the sample size will be equal to the community size. Some scientists consider 10 to 15 people, if their scientific and experimental background is homogeneous, to be sufficient to form a group of experts. In this study, 14 people were interviewed. And from the interview 11 later repetition was observed in the received data and in interview 13 it was saturated. The analysis of qualitative data encoding method three open, axial and selective used. Reliability and validity were confirmed through the percentage of agreement within the subject and the approval of the statistical group and the interviewees.

Based on the findings, The research findings showed that various factors such as cultural factors, organizational factors, social factors, legal factors and structural factors affect the commercialization of sports.

In general, Therefore, in the policies of managers of sports organizations, these factors should be given special attention.

The goal of this research was to develop commercialization model for products of Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran

It was a qualitative exploratory research using grounded theory by systematic approach. The research population included all the experts and university professors active in science and executive area of sport sciences in both Sport Sciences Research institute and other related organizations. Sampling continued until they were saturated and eventually 23 interviews were conducted. The sampling method was nonrandom purposive sampling using snowball and targeted techniques. To collect data, library studies were used as well as studying regulations and documents, books and websites and in the second phase the researcher interviewed samples using semi structured open questions. To analyze data coding method were used based on grounded theory by systematic approach.

From the total of 236 initial codes and 47 concepts, 24 main categories were extracted including cause conditions, central phenomenon, background and intervening conditions, and consequences. Paying attention to theoretical principals, research and study, economic and financial factors, barriers and threats, facilitators, and institutes and organizations, which influence on commercialization are main findings of the research.

It is suggested that science research institutes enter commercialization subjects by creating commercialization teams and promotion of attitude and knowledge structures with focusing on technology oriented and relation oriented plans and internal & external strategies. As a result, they could take advantages of added value and revenues.

In order for sport sciences knowledge to contribute to the development of society, it must be transformed into technological innovations and commercialized. Undoubtedly, the commercialization of sport sciences findings and their entry into the field of practice requires its own requirements. The purpose of this study is to design a model for the commercialization requirements of research findings in sport sciences.

The present study was conducted by a qualitative method with exploratory-fundamental nature. Research data were collected by a purposive sampling method using a snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with commercialization experts. The number of participants in research by the use of theoretical saturation reached 17 individuals. According to grounded theory and constructive approach, data were analyzed after coding.

Finally, four dimensions of commercialization requirements were identified, including entrepreneurial self-efficacy, educational system transformation, social norms, and commercialization policies in the sport sciences.

The resulting model, beyond conventional views and pure devotion to foreign policy and development from the top to the down, emphasizes the actor Identification approach to commercialization and can be a long and important step for the development of commercialization in sport sciences.

The aim of this study was to analyze the great barriers to the commercialization of sport management knowledge. The present study was descriptive-analytic that was conducted as a field. The statistical population included sport management experts who had the proper knowledge, experience and expertise in sport management and commercialization of knowledge. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In order to structure the barriers affecting the commercialization of sport management knowledge, interpretive structural modeling and exploratory factor analysis method were used. Therefore, SPSS software was used for exploratory factor analysis. The MicMac software was used to investigate and analyze the interpretive structural modeling. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that totally 6 factors (management, infrastructure, educational, cultural, financial and personal) included 85.976% of the total variance of the items. The results also showed that personal, skill and environmental barriers were key independent barriers that affected other barriers. According to these findings, it was determined that it is necessary to pay attention to some personal, skill and environmental barriers in order to develop the commercialization of knowledge of sport management and there should be planning to eliminate these barriers.

Sports science faculties as a platform for preparing human capital, and the academic actors as the generators of knowledge and innovation, both desperately require an entrepreneurial action in order to transfer the knowledge and technology successfully. For this purpose, the human resource management practices can be considered as the effective and efficient strategies by the organizations (including sport science faculties), and affect the skills, attitudes, and behaviors of the individuals to do their job and
achieve the goals of the organization. On the other hand, the academic actors face new issues and complexities that need to have a flexible knowledge. The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of human resource management practices and knowledge inertia in the academic entrepreneurship actions of the sport science students and graduates.

Methodology and Approach:

The present work was applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of the data collection method, and it was conducted in a survey. The statistical population included the students and graduates of the postgraduate studies in sports sciences in the Tehran universities who were studying in 2011-2019. The statistical sample of this work was 384 people with emphasis on the Morgan sample size table for an unlimited community. In order to collect the data, the standard questionnaires were
used, which were designed in two parts: demographic and specialized questions, and in a five-point Likert scale. The content validity of these questionnaires was investigated with the help of the corrective opinions of 8 professors in sport sciences and 3 professors in entrepreneurship, and their reliability was  confirmed by the Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. For data analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equations were used (SPSS20 & PLS3).

The results obtained showed that the inertia of knowledge and each one of its components, namely learning and experience, had an indirect and significant relationship with the academic entrepreneurship actions. Also, the human resource management actions and each one of its components, namely selection and employment, training and development, performance assessment, and motivation and reward, had a direct and significant relationship with the academic entrepreneurship actions. Based on the findings,
it can be concluded that paying attention to overcoming the barriers of knowledge inertia along with the human resource management measures in sports science faculties are useful and valuable strategies to achieve academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial actions. These results can also be considered for an effective management and performance evaluation of the sport science faculties. Accordingly, it is suggested that the future researchers, in addition to a broader analysis of the knowledge inertia and human resource management practices, address other factors such as the cultural factors, teaching methods, and backgrounds and personal characteristics that are effective in the realization and emergence of the academic entrepreneurship actions

Start-ups, especially those interested in sustainable wealth creation and the application of academic knowledge and ideas, cannot succeed solely on the basis of one-sided activities. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explain the structural model of strategic orientations and the commercialization performance of new products in sports start-ups.

This is an applied study and research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study was the entrepreneurs of active sports startups all over the country. Due to the limited population, the statistical sample was considered as a whole. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 19 specialized questions. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 7 professors of sports management and 2 professors of entrepreneurship. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability. To analyze data and investigating model fit, structural equation modeling and PLS software were used.

The results showed that strategic orientations including market orientation, technological orientation, and entrepreneurial orientation, have a direct and significant effect on the commercialization performance of new sports products, respectively. Also, the indirect and significant effect of strategic learning was confirmed as a mediating variable.

Entrepreneurs and managers of sports startups should put their company's strategies together in order to achieve the successful commercialization of their products and be constantly looking for new knowledge and its application in different stages of new product production.

Today, the sport of athletics and professional in the world is a major part of the sports industry. It is of a great impact on the development of countries economically, socially and culturally. Therefore, this research was conducted to designe the paradigmatic pattern of Iran's Athletics and Professional Sport Development. This study has a qualitative approach and we used the grounded theory as a research method. For gathering data, we studied high level documents and we interviewed with 19 experts who were aware of this subject. The validity of this research was examined and approved by the interviewers and then expert professors. The reliability of it is %82 which was obtained by using the methodology of the auditing result process. For data analysis, we used the continuous comparison method in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. Based on the results of the study of high handwritten document and in depth interviews, executive commitment factors, reform of government-oriented structural, commercialization, privatization, Professional foundation factors, Economic, technological, cultural and political factors, infrastructure upgrading and development of standard sport spaces, designing talent system and the establishment of a model for the development of athletics and professional sport were identified as nine effective components and extracted in the development of Iranian athletics and professional sport. The results of this study showed that it is undeniable necessity that the formation of a bargaining committee with the government, the parliament and the IRIB Organization as the most important component of the income generation of athletics and professional sports. It also seems that the management of the athletics and professional sport in Iran is very complex. It requires a comprehensive model that all factors such as economic and political factors (macro factor), infrastructure upgrading and the talent system (middle factor) and executive commitment (individual factor).

The aim  of this study was to investigate the relationship between commercialization and innovation with the future behavior of the customers of aerobics and fitness clubs of  Karaj. The present study is a correlation-descriptive research. The statistical population of this study included all male customers of Karaj fitness and aerobic clubs. A sample of 200 individuals was selected using convenience sampling. To collect data, three questionnaires including the commercialization questionnaire of Mansourpour (2014),  Wang and Ahmed organizational innovation questionnaire (2004) and Berry’s future behavioral decisions (1996) were used. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability coefficient of the research variables of  commercialization, innovation and future behavior of customers were calculated 0.92, 0.84 and 0.88 respectively. Central criteria such as mean and dispersion (standard deviation)  were used for data analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test research hypotheses and multivariate regression method was used to check the predictors of the criterion variable. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between commercialization, innovation and their dimensions with future customer behavior. Commercialization and innovation can predict the future behavior of male customers.

The aim of this study was the factor analysis of those factors affecting commercialization of researches in sport management. This study was application in terms of aims which was conducted by descriptive analysis method. The statistical population consisted of lecturers and doctorate students of sport management in state and private universities in Iran (N= 1050) and 257 subjects were randomly selected as the sample. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire (50 items) was used; its face and content validity was confirmed by 20 experts in sport management and its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. In a pilot study, its reliability was obtained as 0.763 using Cronbach's alpha test. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics including Friedman test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using SPSS and AMOS software were used. The results showed that there were seven factors: researchers’ capabilities, research and education strategies, infrastructures, finance, personality and culture, policies and networking for the commercialization of researches in sport management.

  The aim of this study was to develop a pattern of research commercialization in sport management research. The participants were professors and Ph.D. candidates of sport management in State and Azad universities in Iran including 1050 individuals. 257 individuals were randomly selected as the sample. To accomplish the purposes of this study a survey of 50 questions was used. Sport management experts confirmed its face and content validity, which was established by factor analysis. The questionnaire reliability was established 0.763 using Cronbach's alpha. To analyse the data, descriptive and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov - Smirnoff, correlation coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 21 and AMOS 22 software were used. The results showed that seven factors: strategies of educational and research, infrastructure, networking, personality and culture, researcher capabilities, financial and policies affect the commercialization of sport management research. To commercialize sport management researches, the relationship between sports organizations and sports science faculties should be spread and academic research should be done based on the needs of these organizations. Also some conditions should be provided in sports science faculties in order to add research commercialization to their culture

The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing beneficiaries’ behavior in the commercializing of sport research with emphasis on sport physiology research. Regarding the purpose of the study, it’s an applied research conducted using both descriptive and analytical methods. The population consisted of all faculty members and doctoral students of sport physiology in public and private universities across the country. 261 individuals participated in this study as the sample. To collect data, a questionnaire constructed by the researcher was used consisting of 50 questions. To determine the content and face validity, the questionnaire was sent to 20 professors of sport physiology who had the experience of commercialization and they confirmed it. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a preliminary study was 0.784 that was acceptable. Findings showed six factors affecting the beneficiaries’ behaviour in commercialization of sport physiology research: financial and administrative infrastructure, researcher’s capabilities, the educational system, research and interactive strategies, personality and culture, and information network.

One of the approaches towards increasing income and economic development for clubs in countries recognized for their football is registering these clubs as commercial enterprises like other commercial companies and organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is designing effective commercialization mechanisms for football clubs in Iran. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted, and detailed interviews with 31 experts who were aware of this subject were done. Findings from interview analysis led to two conceptual models of progress path of football clubs and their commercialization mechanisms. Commercialization model is based on four principal major relationships consisting of appropriate sport relationship, appropriate economic relationship, appropriate sport- economic relationship and relationship that exists in Iranian football now, as well as13 micro and detailed relationships. The findings showed that government was the main obstacle on the way towards commercialization of football clubs. The other results showed that many experts were not optimistic about the existing condition.