جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « competitive sport » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

It is not yet clear whether exposure to competitive exercise training (CET) can lead to adaptation and reduction of salivary markers of stress in adolescents or not? This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of exposure to CET in modulating the response of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol to a single bout of acute competitive activity in adolescents. 24 healthy adolescents (12 girls and 12 boys) participated in this research in two groups of competitive (n=12) and noncompetitive(n=12) exercises with random allocation of 50% to each gender. Exercises were performed in both groups for six weeks and two sessions per week. The subjects performed the acute competitive activity with an interval of 48 hours before and after the training period. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase responses were evaluated before and 5 minutes after the acute competitive activity in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was done with the Repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests at the statistical level of P≤0.05.The results indicated a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase after the acute competitive activity in the pre-test and post-test in both groups (p<0.05), but cortisol did not change significantly in any of the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in cortisol and alpha-amylase responses (P<0.05). In summary the results showed that adolescents respond to the stress caused by acute competitive activity in the form of an increase in salivary alpha-amylase, and repeated participation in six weeks CET does not have an effect on modulating the response of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase.

Inequality and imbalance in the development procedure of provinces is the foreground of inequality in the social, economic and cultural contexts. Therefore, it is expected that sport as a sociocultural phenomenon, like other sectors, has an unequal and imbalanced development procedure. This study is aimed to analyze the procedure and changes in the development level of Iran's provinces competitive sport. This study is descriptive and analytic which has reviewed the development procedure of competitive sport of provinces between the years 2006 to 2012 by using 48 indicators. The statistical population was embraced all Iran’s provinces and the statistical sample was equal to statistical population and consist of 31 provinces which were in Iran’s countr divisions in 2012. Factor analysis was used to calculate mixed indicators and cluster analysis was used to determine the level of sport development of provinces. The study of development procedure of competitive sport revealed in 2006, that the level of competitive sport development of 8 percent of provinces was high and 6 percent of them were deprived and disadvantaged, while in six-year era, with increasing trend, the ratio of developed provinces in 2012 had changed to 43.3 percent, and the ratio of disadvantaged provinces had changed to 40 percent. with consider to competitive sport development unequity in the country provinces, it is recommended that in future plannings and strategy codifications of competitive sport, priority of allocation of resources must be allocated to the periphery and perimeter provinces till in addition to preventing the migration of athletes and active human resources in sport in deprived provinces, to create the background of further promotion on this level of the sport in the country and to be success in international and worldwide competitions.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the factor analysis and internal consistency of a Persian version of the Athletes’ Retirement Decision Inventory (P-ARDI). Fernandez et al. (2006) developed this instrument based on the push, pull, antipush, and anti-pull point of view. We required 243 Iranian elite competitive athletes (mean age = 25.19 years; 81% male) to complete the questionnaire. The factor structure of the P-ARDI was evaluated by explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency was determined by Cronbach’s alpha. According to the results, four-factor solution principal component analysis accounted for 65.02% of the variance of the final 36-item version of the P-ARDI. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the aforementioned factors was found to be greater than 0.7. In sum, the results suggest that the retirement decision process was found to be much more complex and multidimensional.

The present study was designed to investigate the way in which the quality of sports career termination process is quantitatively related to athletic (subjective evaluation of athletic achievements، voluntariness and gradualness of sport-career termination، and pre-retirement planning for post-sport life) and non-athletic (educational status and age) factors. Participants were 53 former elite Iranian athletes (aged 23–52 years) who had been ended their sports career for atleast five years ago. These athletes were asked to describe their experiences and reactions to their athletic career termination by completing an adapted version of the Cecić Erpič’s et al. (2004) Sports Career Termination Questionnaire (SCTQ). The questionnaire findings revealed that the quality of sports career retirement was related to experienced difficulties at the occupational، psychosocial and psychological levels by the sportsmen. According to the results، the quality of the sports career termination process significantly correlated by the participants’ subjective evaluation of athletic achievements، the voluntariness of career ending، and educational status. Pre-retirement planning، a gradual sport-career termination and age were not significantly correlated to the quality of adaptation with athletic retirement. Our research findings generally indicated that the sports career termination is an important life event which could have a significant influence in an athlete’s life and that the quality of adaptation with athletic retirement is multifaceted and complex.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the main motivations of participation in sport for all and competitive sport among athletes of Tehran city. The subject involves the participants in stations of sport for all and competitive sport in Tehran city. Using random sampling 330 participants in sport stations and 250 competitive athletes were selected as the statistical samples. The Winberg questionnaire was used to measure 8 sub- factors (fun, competition, social energy, team work, fitness, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and energy release). The Kolomogrov Smironve, u-man- Whitney and Freidman tests were used at the level of p≤ 0/05 for analyzing the collected data. The results of the study showed that the motivations between the participants in sport for all and competitive athletes are significantly different. Also the results of the study showed that the participant motivations in sport for all and the competitive athletes are significantly different. Generally, it can be concluded that competition is the first motivation in athletes participating in sport competitive and fitness is the first motivation for athletes participating in sport for all.