جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « metabolism » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Beta-alanine supplement, which is a precursor of carnosine, may improve performance by providing a buffering effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of beta-alanine supplementation and regular Taekwondo training on anaerobic, aerobic, and endurance activity substrate metabolism in female Taekwondo athletes.

Twenty-four female professional taekwondo practitioners (age, 18.0±2.5 years), from Tehran province volunteered to participate in this research. Based on the body composition and training history, the subjects were divided into two groups (n=12) of supplement and placebo. The pre-tests consisted of the an aerobic specific test (Progressive Specific Taekwondo Test, PSTT) including repeated strikes of Bandal-Tchagui to exhaustion time during a maximum duration of 15 minutes and a taekwondo anaerobic test (Frequency Speed of Kick Te, FSKT) including 5 sets of 10-second high-speed Bandal-Tchagui kicks with maximum strength. Furthermore, the substrate metabolism of the endurance activity was measured by a gas analyzer, and the VCO2, VO2, VO2peak, HR, and HRpeak were measured. During and immediately after the test, the level of perception of fatigue was evaluated. Moreover, blood lactate levels were measured using a lactometer after the anaerobic and aerobic tests. After 28 days of receiving the supplement or placebo (5g/day) at the designated day times, the pre-test measurements were repeated. Repeated measures of ANOVA with between-group factor and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to compare the data.

There was no significant difference between the two supplement and placebo groups for anaerobic capacity, aerobic capacity, and substrate metabolism (p<0.05). Although, both groups (supplement and placebo) showed significant improvements in the time to exhaustion and the number of steps to exhaustion in the post-test compared to the pre-test, these improvements were significantly higher in the supplement group compared to the placebo (p<0.05).

During the research period, beta-alanine supplementation had only an effect on some performance indicators and probably more pronounced effects on the performance of elite athletes would be seen in the long term. However, this little gain can be important in professional athletes, and more studies are needed in this field for a concrete conclusion.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of interval training combined with whey protein consumption on the serum levels of testosterone, cortisol and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol in young non-athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 48 young non-athletes between the ages of 18 and 24 were randomly divided into four groups of 12: control group (no intervention); supplement (whey protein); Interval training and combined group (interval training + whey protein) were included. After measuring the anthropometric indicators, the subjects in all 4 groups were present in the laboratory environment after 10 to 12 hours of overnight starvation (fasting) and after 15 minutes of rest, 5 cc of blood from the brachial vein between 7 o'clock and it was taken from them at 8 am. Blood sampling was taken to measure testosterone and cortisol and calculate the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (pre-test). Then the aforementioned interventions were performed on the studied groups for a period of 8 weeks. Finally, 48 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was done again (fasting) to measure dependent variables (post-test). Also, anthropometric indices were measured after the intervention in all groups. Data analysis by ANCOVA revealed that compared to the control group, interval training combined with whey protein consumption increased testosterone and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol and decreased cortisol in the combined group compared to the control group. Also, the implementation of aerobic exercises combined with the consumption of Selenium Plus improved the mentioned variables compared to the application of each of them alone. In a summary, based on the available findings, it is concluded that the implementation of interval training combined with the consumption of whey protein is associated with more anabolic effects than the application of each of them alone in non-athletic men. However, further understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the anabolic effect of interval training and whey protein requires further studies in this field.

The aim of this study was to investigated the effect of endurance training on the gene and protein expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) in liver tissue of male rats with diabetes. In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 groups: diabetic group (D), control group (C), exercise group (E), Exercise and diabetic group (ED). Then 16 rats received Strepotozocin injection to induce diabetes. Groups of E and ED performed the designed aerobic exercise protocol five sessions per week for eight weeks. At the end of the protocol, rat liver tissue was extracted, RT-PCR was used to measure gene expression and Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to express AMPK and AKT proteins, respectively. Then RNA was calculated using the formula of 2-DDCT and the data of gene and protein expression AMPK were analyzed with univariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between AMPK and AKT between group E and group C in both RNA and protein levels (P>0.05). In group D compared to group C in the level of protein, both variables were significantly reduced (P<0.001), AKT was significantly decreased at RNA level (P<0.033) and AMPK was significantly increased (P<0.001). Both variables in protein level were significantly increased in group ED compared to group D (P<0.001), while changes in RNA level were not significant. Diabetes exerts destructive effects on liver tissue by reducing AMPK and AKT and disrupting pathways dependent on these variables, and aerobic exercise can improve diabetes by increasing these two variables to some extent.

The metabolic benefits from each individual exercise session (in land vs. water condition) designated for trained diabetic patients remain to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to invesigate blood glucose, FFA, insulin, ANP and epinepherin levels during land vs. water cycling session and also following early post exercise recovery period.

This was a case-crossover study with time series method. Twelve postmenopausal diabetic women (age 66.76 ± 2.3 years), participated in three distinct test sessions with glucose tolerance test at the begining, at control, water and land exercise conditions, following participating in an interval training protocol (six weeks). Both aquatic and land exercise sessions were consisted of three sets of ten min cycling intervals at 40% of Vo2max. Blood sampling were done in five occasions each session including: pre exercise, immediately post exercise and also at 60th, 90th and 120 th min of post exercise period. The data were analyzed by factorial (3×5; three five phase series) ANOVA for repeated measurements using SPSS 21.

acute cycling in both water and land conditions decreased blood glucose (-37% and -39%), insulin (-20% and -17%) and FFAs (-61% and -55%), while serum ANP (169% and 52%) and epinephrine (43% and 82%) were up regulated (P < 0.05). Serum Insulin, FFAs and ANP levels were elevated also followingthe exercise cessation, with a synergic suppression of blood glucose and epinephrine levels (P < 0.05). All measured variables levesl were lower in water exercise session compared to land exercise (P < 0.05).

more beneficial metabolic effects could be provided with an individual training session performed by regularly exercising diabetic patients in water condioton, compared to land exercise and this trend was continued through two hours of recovery period. However; more investigations remain to be done because of the lack of similar evidence and study limitations.

exercise and hot water immersion is likely to more increase serum IL-6 and CXCL1 as well as insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome. However, no straight investigation has been done in this area. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate effect of an acute cycling session while immersed in hot water versus land on serum IL-6 and CXCL1 level and also insulin resistance in male patients with metabolic syndrome

15 males with metabolic syndrome (age: 58.4±4.17, BMI: 31.27±3.27) experienced four test sessions (with 48 hour intervals) including on cycling or inactive sitting in hot water (42 0°C) head out immersion or land conditions with a cross over design. Each of cycling sessions were included on 30 min of interval activity at 50% of MHR. Blood samples were taken before and 15 min post intervention. The data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measurements (time series method) at 0.05 statistical significance level.

Cycling increased serum CXCL1 only in the hot water, while IL-6 elevation was only noted during land exercise (P<0.05). However, insulin resistance was lowered in both hot water (p=0.002) and land exercise (p=0.001) sessions with no difference for this decline, between the two sessions(p=0.217).

Cycling within the hot water compared to land, do not provide a remarkable advantage regarding the amount of induced changes in serum IL-6 and CXCL1 and even insulin resistance. However, more investigations remain to be done because of the lack of evidence and study limitations.

in this research, levels of metabolic enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK-4) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and their relationship with blood glucose, lactate and lipid profile were studied in response to a single bout of Crossfit exercise in fasting and fed state.

23 healthy female sport science students with minimum of 3 years regular training were randomly assigned into fast control, fed control, fast Crossfit and fed Crossfit groups. At the end of the session, rating of perceived exertion was estimated by OMNI scale and blood samples were collected. Two-way analysis of variances and Pearson test were used at the alpha level .05 in SPSS 22.

glucose, TG, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, PDK-4 and CPT-1 mean levels had not any significant differences between groups (P > .05). Plasma lactate level was higher in Crossfit groups compared to controls (P = .045). Serum PDK-4 was positively correlated with CPT-1 (r = .550, P = .007) and negatively correlated with lactate levels (r = .600, P = .003).

fasting and feeding had not any effect on metabolic indices, nor in resting neither after exercise. Higher lactate levels after Crossfit exercise and no difference in PDK-4 and CPT-1 compared with resting, probably suggest more contribution of glucose for energy production via aerobic and anaerobic pathways in this protocol.