جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « strength training » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Sports performance requires optimal conditions of various variables that an athlete is learning throughout his sports career. Among the very important variables related to sports performance, we can mention strength, agility and speed, which mainly play a decisive role in anaerobic disciplines, and their strengthening and improvement is very important in the athlete's conclusion. The findings indicate different effects of different types of exercises on anaerobic variables including power and speed. So, the effects of these exercises depend on the intensity, duration and type of exercise. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of plyometric, strength and combined exercises on leg power, agility and speed of athletes based on the studies conducted in this field.

This study aimed to compare the effects of four weeks of aerobic training and strength training on serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels in sedentary overweight women aged between 25 and 40 years. A total of 36 subjects were selected from inactive women with excess weight as a research sample. They were chosen based on specific criteria for participation in the study and were then randomly assigned to three groups: aerobic exercise (12 people), strength training (12 people), and a control group (12 people). The aerobic training group underwent a 4-week program consisting of 12 training sessions, with three sessions per week. The intensity of the sessions was set at 65 to 70% of the reserve heart rate, lasting 16 to 22 minutes each week. The strength training program also spanned four weeks, with three sessions per week at an intensity of 50 to 65% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were collected from the subjects at two points: before the training began and 48 hours after the final four-week session. The samples were taken under fasting and baseline conditions to measure serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels. Blood samples of 6 ml were drawn from the brachial vein for serum separation. Data analysis involved using covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test to assess intergroup differences, if significant. Additionally, the paired t-test was employed to evaluate intragroup differences at a significance level of 0.05. The study results revealed a significant difference in the intergroup levels of cortisol and serum creatine kinase among inactive women after four weeks of aerobic and strength training (P=0.000). Additionally, a significant difference was observed in intragroup cortisol levels between the pre-test and post-test stages in both the aerobic and strength training groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference in intragroup creatine kinase levels between the pre-test and post-test phases was also noted in the aerobic training group (P<0.05). Four weeks of strength and aerobic training led to a decrease in cortisol and creatine kinase levels in inactive overweight women. Therefore, both moderate-intensity exercise methods can be used to reduce stress and injury in overweight inactive women.

The aim of the current study was to compare the exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) due to Aerobic Rehabilitative Continues vs High Intensity Interval exercise.

Thirty-nine healthy participants (Mean ± SE age 30 ± 9.7 year, BMI 23.6 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into 3 groups (13 in each) including aerobic continues exercise, high intensity interval exercise and/or control group. EIH index was recorded on before, immediately after and 30 minutes after exercise or control intervention. A mix ANOVA was used to statistically analyse the data.

The EIH index was significantly developed at all the quadriceps, biceps and upper trapezius muscle sites (p > 0.05). EIH index immediately after intermittent exercise was significantly higher than immediately after continues exercise in quadriceps muscle site (p > 0.05).

Both modes of aerobic exercise has the potential to stimulate the EIH in the body at both the local and central level. The findings on muscular pain received during the exercise and EIH induced by different modes of exercise demonstratethat pain induced by exercise training is less likely to act as a stimulation for EIH rather than other characteristics of exercise training. Findings of this study has the potential to be used by pain relief therapists specially those who are interested in designing acute exercise trainings to be used as alternative pain relief therapy.

Soccer requires high levels of physical fitness, therefore coaches and athletes tend to do comprehensive training exercises such as concurrent training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of concurrent resistance-endurance training on strength, power, and maximum oxygen consumption in young male soccer players.

Thirty young soccer players aged 18 to 20 years with an average height of 177±8 cm and a weight of 70±3.4 kg were divided into two groups of concurrent high-intensity training and low-intensity training. Both groups performed their training protocol, 3 sessions per week during 4 weeks. Before and after 4 weeks, maximal oxygen consumption were measured using the Yo-Yo Recovery Stage 1 test, as well as upper and lower limb strength and leg power also were measured by maximal muscle strength test and sargent vertical jump test respectively. Paired and independent t-tests were used to evaluate intra-group and inter-group changes, respectively, where the significant level set as p < 0.05.

Concurrent resistance-aerobic training improved muscle power and strength in both groups (p=0.05), but only concurrent resistance-aerobic training with high intensity indicated significant effect in maximizing oxygen consumption (p=0.03).

Overall, the results showed that high-intensity resistance-aerobic training is more effective in improving some of the physical fitness factors in young men soccer players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected strength training at an unstable level and hydrotherapy on lower limb muscle strength, balance and fear of falling in the elderly. All subjects included 36 elderly men aged 60 to 70 years who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of 12: strength, hydrotherapy and control. To assess static balance, dynamic balance, lower limb muscle strength and fear of falling, the Sharpened Romberg test, the time of getting up and going, getting up from the chair and the Falls Efficacy Scale International were used, The control group did not have a specific exercise program. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that between the groups of strength training, hydrotherapy and control in the variables of static balance (P= 0.001), dynamic balance (P= 0.001), lower limb strength (P= 0.01) and fear of falling (P= 0.001) there is a significant difference. By using strength training at an unstable level, you can improve the strength of the lower limbs and improve balance and reduce the risk of falls, and it is one of the appropriate solutions. It is effective in improving balance, lower limb strength and reducing the risk of falling in older men. However, strength training was more effective.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training and c4 supplementation on strength, arterial oxygen saturation and lactate accumulation in strength training men.

For this purpose, 45 men (age: 22 to 35 years) who had at least one year of regular resistance training history were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups of 15 controls, Strength training + placebo and strength training + supplement c4. Subjects performed the same resistance exercises for 6 weeks. Subjects in the supplement group consumed 5 grams of c4 supplement daily in 6 meals for 6 weeks and the placebo group consumed the same amount of starch 30 minutes before exercise. Pre and post intervention arterial oxygen saturation and lactate levels were measured.

strength training in both groups did not lead to significant blood lactate accumulation or oxygen saturation (P>0.05) in spite of significantly increased upper and lower muscle group strength values(p < 0.05). Moreover, no between group difference was recorded for amount of strength development throughout the intervention period (P>0.05).

c4 supplementation nor has benefits on strength performance, neither lowers blood lactate in strength trained athletes.

The search for a magical substance that will give it a higher competitive level has always been a concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of strength training and carbohydrate supplementation on agility, flexibility, explosive power and speed of bodybuilding men. For this purpose, 36 young bodybuilders volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly divided into three experimental, placebo, and control groups. The experimental group received carbohydrate supplementation and the placebo group received placebo, but the control group did not take any supplement. Subjects in all three groups performed selected strength training with 60-80% of maximal repetition for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session. Agility, flexibility, explosive power and speed of subjects were measured before and after eight weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Significant level was p≤0.05. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in explosive power between the groups (p = 0.019), but no significant differences were found between agility, flexibility, and speed. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that strength training combined with carbohydrate supplementation increases explosive power and it is recommended that bodybuilders, along with their exercise program, use carbohydrate supplements to improve some of their fitness factors, including their explosive power.

systemic strength training, proper rest intervals impact of the increase neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations. In this study the effect of different rest intervals on the development of resistance training with strength, body composition and serum levels of anabolic hormones-young men practice was not done.

In this study, 20 young male athletes were selected randomly strength training two groups (each group 10 persons). Program of strength training include: (5 to 8 sets of 3 to 15 repetitions and time of 60 to 90% of one repetition maximum (which both groups with rest intervals varying between sets that the case was in the group 1: rest intervals between sets in the first 3 weeks with 2 minutes rest started and then 6 weeks Training (especially in terms of a period of time, intensity and rest intervals between sets) for 9 weeks, 3 sessions per week were performed. The Two meetings supplementary training exercise (intensity 60% HR) during the week. Then the subjects before and after the 48 hours of training at 10am sampling, fasting blood was drawn and blood samples using Radioimmunoassay laboratory were analyzed. Results were extracted using t-test and a significance level of P <0.05 was considered.

Statistically significant increase in serum concentrations of testosterone and growth hormone and strength training showed in both groups (P = 0.007) and no significant difference was observed between the groups. The results also showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage and body fat mass index showed (P = 0.004) difference was not significant between the two groups.

do resistance training with proper rest intervals have significant effects on physical indicators is often, and it appears resistance training with short rest intervals will lead to further improvements in participants.

Feedback instruction is a proven modality for the alteration of motion patterns. There are no existing data on the contribution of strength training, when combined with feedback instruction, to the altering of lower extremity biomechanics. Thus the purpose of the current study was comparison of strength training  program with external and internal focus of attention strategies on kinetic and functional factors in athletes with plyometric pattern. 36 athlete females (handball, Basketball and vollyball) voluntarily with avarage age 22.3±2.27 years were randomly assigned to strength training with external focus, strength training with internal focus and strength training groups. Participants completed these training for 8 weeks. Kinetic factors were measured using force plate during landing, as well as functional movement and movement pattern respectively were measured by single leg triple hop test (SLTH) and landing error scoring system. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of strength training with external focus group training significantly was better than two others groups in Peak vertical ground reaction  (p=0.039), posterior ground reaction force (p=0.046), mediolateral time to stability (p=0.032), single leg triple hop test (p=0.041) and landing error scoring system  scores (p=0.030). But there was no significant between-group difference in anteroposterior time to stability (p=0.312). Subjects in strength training with external focus group showed significantly within-group changes in all variables except anteroposterior time to stability from posttest to pretest. Programs that include both strength training and movement education through external focus of attention may be necessary in order to prevent ACL injuries and increase athletic performance.

In recent decades, along with industrialization, improvements in public health and subsequently higher life expectancy indices, population of elderly people has been increased. The elderly ages are very important years of human life, because of progressive degeneration of human body tissues and its very deep impacts on physical performance. One of the most impressive changes is muscular tissue decrement and atrophy of skeletal muscles, so called “sarcopenia”. The disease is so debilitating and causes sever dysfunction, quality of life, and life expectancy of patients. In this article, most important aspects of ageing and muscle fiber changes and training effects on strength, endurance and composition of muscle fibers of elderly people are reviewed.

This study is to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of endurance (E), strength (S) and concurrent (combined E and S) training on plasma level of IL-6 and cortisol in untrained men. In this semi-experimental study, 38 healthy volunteer males (age 24.89±1.21 yrs, height 175.87±6.52 cm, weight 71.98±9.33 kg) were randomly assigned to endurance (N=10), strength (N=9), concurrent (N=10), and control group (N=9). Treatment was conducted three times per week. After 10 weeks, the maximal bench press and squat strength of strength and concurrent groups were improved significantly (P≤0.05). Similar increment was observed in VO2max in endurance and concurrent groups (P≤0.05). Endurance training didn’t have any significant effect on IL-6 (p=0.107), and cortisol (p=0.38) levels. Strengths training also didnt affect on IL-6 (p=0.63), but resulted in a significant increment in plasma level of cortisol (p=0.001). There wasn’t any significant effect of concurrent training on IL-6 (p=0.162) and cortisol levels (p=0.38). However, only the difference (D) of changes in IL-6 in the concurrent group was significantly lower than control groups (p= 0.016, 0.710±1.475 vs 0.855±1.31). In conclusion, our results showed that adding the strength training to endurance training, not only, does not compromise the immune function in untrained men, but also can efficiently improve its function.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks strength training on some chosen biomechanical properties of femur of old male rats.
in this experimental research sixteen old male Wistar rats with Twenty months old were assigned to sedentary control group (n=8) and strength training group (n=8). strength training group climbed from a ladder for 8 weeks, 4 times per week. Forty eight hours after last session of exercise training, animals were anesthetized and femur bones were removed. Three – point bending test was used to determine bone biomechanical properties. Our data was analyzed by independent t test (p≥0/05).
the results showed this training had no significant effect on bone stiffness, fracture energy and maximal load.
the probable cause of this object can be intensity, type and time of training or age of activity beginning .

Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic condition of the joints. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck. The purpose of this experimental pretest-posttest study was to determine the effect of eight weeks' core stability and strength training on knee pain and function in elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Thirty-six elderly women with osteoarthritis (mean age, 64/5 ± 4/50 years and mean weight of 70/71 ± 10/52, mean height 156/34 ± 6/12) were participated and randomly divided into three equal groups (n=12): strength training program, core stabilization training and control groups. Strength training, core stabilization training groups received especial training for eight weeks and control group no received any training. To collect the data, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional questionnaire (WOMAC) body composition and dynamometer were used.  Normality of Data and homogeneity was tested by Shapiro–Wilk test. Descriptive statistics, two way ANOVA, paired sample t test and the bonferroni test were used to analyze the hypotheses. (P ≤ 0.05).

The results showed that, there was significant effect of eight weeks' exercises of core stability on, increase muscle strength (d=0.80, p=0.002) and function (d=0.73, p=0.001) and decrease knee pain (d=0.81, p=0.036). Also, there was significant effect of eight weeks' exercises of strength training on increase function (d=0.90, p=0.001) and muscle strength (d=0.73, p=0.041) and decrease knee pain (d=1.52, p=0.003).   

It seems, core stability and strength training can reduce the pain and help to rehabilitation of elderly women with osteoarthritis.

The aim of exercise training is the cellular level amenities and development of athletic performance. Although, increase of workout intensity more than of physiological capabilities of athletes, will lead to overtraining syndrome. In this regard, this study investigated two training methods on some of immune system biomarkers in young athletes.
This study was carried out on 45 adolescent athletes that were randomly divided into three groups of strength, speed, and control. The exercise groups were performed one of the strength or speed training for 8 weeks, three times a week, and 90 minutes per session. Research variables (cortisol, testosterone, and white blood cell count) were measured at baseline and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test for within group different and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for between group different (p The results showed that eight weeks of strength (p=0.02) and speed (p=0.004) training, significantly decreased cortisol and testosterone concentrations. But, testosterone concentration significantly increased only in strength training. Moreover, the identification of the variance in exercise and control groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The within group results showed that free testosterone/cortisol ratio significantly increased in all three groups (p The changes in biomarkers of immune system showed that both of this exercise training (strength & speed) can be useful for immune system and anabolic adaptations.

This study examined the changes in serum levels of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory factors and Irisin immediately, 24 and 48 hours after an acute session of resistance exercise in young men. In this semi-experimental study, 10 sedentary male (mean age 19.45±2.8 years, height 174.86±4.25 cm and a weight of 67.73±3.5) voluntarily participated. Power maximum bench press 1RM test subjects were measured. For statistical analysis was used of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test. The results showed that 1RM test leads to rising levels of Irisin, IL-6 and TNF- immediately after exercise test. The findings showed that 24 hours after the test session Irisin, IL-10 and TNF- levels was in high level. 48 hours after the test session just IL-10 showed differences significant (P0.05). The results showed that the use of an acute session of resistance exercise can cause elevated Irisin and some inflammatory factors levels in sedentary individuals, which may be effective factors to controlled fat and overweight. Although we must notice to elevation of inflammatory factors levels and negative effects.

Nowadays musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent harmful factors in work environments. Non­­-ergonomic work stations and unsuitable designs of work environments confront workers with musculoskeletal disorders creating risk factors. It seems that the prevalence of these disorders in carpet weavers is more than other jobs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on neck-shoulder pain of female carpet weavers. This study was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design. The population consisted of 30-40-year-old female carpet weavers. 20 subjects whose intensity of pain on numerical rating scale was equal or more than 3 were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. After 8 weeks of strength training, the intensity of present‚ usual and worst pain was measured again by a 10-point scale. The comparison of pretest and posttest in the experimental group showed a significant difference in the intensity of present‚ usual and worst pain. This reduction was reported as %53‚ %50 and %58 for worst‚ usual and present pain respectively. But in control group, no significant differences were observed between pretest and posttest. According to these findings, special strength training reduced worst, usual and present pain.

For problems with balance and strength in mentally retarded student, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective training program on static balance & isometric strength in female educable mental students with mental retardation. 26 females’ educable mental retardation, between 10 and 15 years of age participated in this research and they were divided into two different groups, experimental group (Age: 13.72±1.82 Years, Height: 146±8.46 cm, weight: 43.15±15.94 kg, IQ: 61.38±7.17 mental age: 7.16±1.22 years) and controls group (age: 14.06±1.88 years, height: 148.92±10.75 cm, weight: 46.48±11.07 kg, IQ: 61.30±5.03, mental age: 7.18 ±1.07). Experimental group performed a selective training program for 8-week, three times a week, and each section lasted for 50 minutes performs strength and balance exercise training. One leg Balance with opened and closed eyes were evaluated using one leg stance test, and isometric strength test for trucks extensors were assessed using an isometric dynamometer before& after training program. Repeated measured between subject analysis revealed that experimental group, improved significantly (P≤0.05) on Balance with eyes opened and closed in addition improved significantly on leg strength. Therefore, this training program had affirmative effect on static balance & isometric trunks strength and can be applied to educable mentally retarded children.

Based on conflicting results and concerns related to muscle soreness induced by plyometric exercises, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of a single-session plyometric and strength weight training on some indices of delay onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in female volleyball players. Therefore, in a quasiexperimental design, 14 female volleyball players (aged between 17 and 28, in two random groups with repeated measures) participated in a session of strength weight training (6 sets of leg press and knee extension with 70% 1RM) or plyometric training (6 sets of deep and side jump with 70% maximum high jump) until exhaustion. DOMS indices were measured in four phases (10 days, 30 min. before, immediately and 48 hours after the training session). Data were expressed as mean (±SD) and analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test at α≤0.05. Perceived soreness, swelling, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) significantly increased after the training in both groups and they were higher than the baseline until 48 hours (P<0.05), but flexibility, maximal isometric strength and peak power of lower limb significantly decreased in both groups and they were lower than the baseline until 48 hours (P<0.05). Based on the recovery of some DOMS indices after plyometric training, female volleyball players can be recommended to use this type of training without any concerns.