جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « visual perception » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences between novice and skilled baseball players to anticipate the type of ball being pitched and to specify the players’ dependence on distributed or local kinematic spatial cues. Male baseball players (N= 15; Mage: 27.73 ± 6.28 years; baseball experience: 7.90 ± 5.69 years) and novices (N= 15; Mage: 23.10 ± 5.68 years; no playing experience in baseball) were asked to anticipate the type of pitch (i.e., fastball vs. curveball) using a spatial occlusion paradigm. Both groups viewed recorded video simulations of spatially manipulated pitches in which nine specific parts of the pitcher’s body or the ball were either omitted or showed separately. The data was analyzed by a 2 (Skill level) × 9 (Display Condition) mixed-design analysis of variance. The results revealed that skilled baseball players outperformed novices in the occlusion conditions. Furthermore, the results revealed that skilled baseball players used throwing arm and ball as well as upper body kinematic cues for their correct anticipations. The results are in line with previous findings on perceptual-cognitive expertise and decision-making in interactive sports and indicate skilled baseball players are able to obtain information distributed globally within the pitcher's body, rather than reliance on specific isolated or local kinematic cues.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motor dependent/independent visual perception training on visual-motor integration and fine motor skills of 7-8 year old children .For this purpose, 107,  1st grade  primary school students in Sabzevar were selected through purposive sampling (with equal economical and cultural status , optimum mental and physical health and full sight with or without wearing glasses) and randomly divided into two experimental (no=32)and a control group (no=43). After attending a pre-test session, one of the experimental groups was trained in movement dependent visual-perception tasks while the other group performed movement independent visual-perception tasks.  Both groups performed their tasks for three sessions, 45-minute per week and for six consecutive weeks. Shapiro-Wilk and Levin test results confirmed the normality and homogenity of data and ANCOVA showed that both training programs significantly improved visual-motor integration and fine motor skills of 7 to 8 years old children. However, Bonferroni test indicated that there were no significant differences between the movement dependent and independent training programs. The data analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0. The results of this study confirmed the purposed "movement" hypothesis stating that the significant contributor to the development of perception and perceptual-motor components is not the active or passive movements of the individual, but rather it is the attention of the person to the visual stimuli within the environment.

The action-specific account of perception asserts that spatial perception is scaled by the perceiver's capabilities for action. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the effects of skill level and task difficulty on distance perception by rock climbers. Skilled (n= 15, Mage = 23.80 ± 2.70 years; rock climbing experience = 3.80 ± 1.74 years) and novice (n = 15, Mage= 22.73 ± 3.14 years; rock climbing experience < two months) rock climbers were asked to verbally estimate their distance to target holds on the indoor climbing wall. Climbing difficulty was manipulated by requiring the participants to wear a heavy backpack or taking it off (no-backpack condition) while judging their distances to the hold targets on the wall. The estimated distances as the dependent variable were analyzed by a mixed design (split-plot) analysis of variance with target distance and task difficulty as within-subjects factors, and skill level as a between-subjects factor. Results showed that the novices estimated the target distances to be farther compared to the skilled rock climbers. Furthermore, the participants perceived the target climbing holds on the no-backpack condition were easier to reach than on the backpack condition. For skilled and novice rock climbers, the distances looked farther on the backpack condition than on the no-backpack condition. The results generally suggest that individuals perceive the environment based on their capabilities to perform actions and that the action-specific perception is common to various types of settings, including indoor rock climbing.

Play is one of the most needed stimuli for children and it has a huge share of the child's identity and experiences. The purpose of this study was to compare the play in different environments (natural and indoor spaces) on visual perception skills and IQ of preschool children.This study was a causal-comparative study conducted in the field. The statistical population consisted of 4-6 year old children in Tabriz city. The sample consisted of two groups of 30 people who were purposefully selected as the sample. Frostig test was used to assess perceptual-visual skills and Goodenoough’s cognitive skill test was used to measure IQ. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS software at the significant level of 0.05.The results show that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the overall children's visual perception (P = 0.0001) and among the subscales of visual perception, eye motor coordination (P = 0.0001), figure-ground (P = 0.003), position in space (0.003), special relationships (p = 0.004) and also in intelligence (p = 0.001). The scores of children playing naturally outdoors were higher than those of children playing indoors.The type of environment in which children work affects their growth. The natural environment is a rich of stimulus that has a significant impact on children's development. Therefore, it is suggested that children become more active in natural as outdoor spaces at childhood to improve their visual perception skills and increase their intelligence.

Children with intellectual disability experience many problems in their everyday lives and educational issues. One of these important issues exists in visual perception. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sport vision training on visual perception of children with intellectual disability in Isfahan city. 30 children were selected from educable students with intellectual disability (7-11 years old) as the sample and were randomly assigned to two groups (each group 15 subjects):experimental and control. Before the training, children with intellectual disability underwent Wechsler IQ test and educable children entered the study. Also, before the training, the TVPS - II visual perception pretest was administered. Then, experimental group had their training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 45 minutes each session. In the final stage, TVPS - II visual perception pretest was conducted. Based on the results of the MANCOVA analysis (with the control of pretest scores) sport vision training had an effect on the mean of all visual perception components except for form constancy test in the posttest (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that sport vision training can improve the visual perception of children with intellectual disability. Therefore, it is suggested that sport vision training is also used to treat and rehabilitate these children in the treatment process.