جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آتروفی عضلانی » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Muscular atrophy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Exercise training has been suggested as one of the treatment strategies for muscular atrophy in diabetes. Intermittent cycles of ischemia (ICI) protects tissues from subsequent ischemic injury. However, whether ICI has beneficial effects on diabetic atrophy remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of ICI with resistance and endurance training on Murf-1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression and fiber diameter of the gastrocnemius muscle in diabetic rats.

In this experimental research, 42 wistar rats (age, 8 weeks; weight, 228.31±12.1 gr) were randomly divided into seven groups of normal control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic ischemic (I), diabetic resistance training (R), diabetic endurance training (E), diabetes ischemic+resistance training (IR), diabetes ischemic+endurance training (IE). Diabetes was induced by one-step intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). ICI was conducted by tightening a tourniquet (with a width of 8 mm) around the upper thighs 20 min before exercise and included three 5-min cycles of ischemia, followed by 5 min reperfusion. The training groups performed exercise training for six weeks, five days a week. Resistance training included climbing a ladder by attaching a weight to rats’ tails at 60% of maximum voluntary carrying capacity (14 repetitions with one minute rest between repetitions). Endurance training involved running on a treadmill. The treadmill speed for the first week was set at 9 meters per minute for 15 minutes. By the sixth week, the training speed was increased to 18 meters per minute for 30 min. Murf-1 and atrogin-1 gene expression were measured by RT-PCR and the diameter of fibers of gastrocnemius muscle through the staining with hematoxylin and eosin methods. Data were analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests.

Murf-1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression significantly increased and fiber diameter of gastrocnemius muscle decreased in D group compared to C group (p=0.0001). Murf-1 and atrogin-1 gene expression decreased significantly in R (p=0.0001, p=0.0001), E (p=0.0001, p=0.0003), IR (p=0.0001, p=0.0001) and IE (p=0.0001, p=0.0001) compared to the C group. In addition, muscle fiber diameter increased significantly in R (p=0.034), E (p=0.007), IR (p=0.0003) and IE (p=0.0003) compared to the C.

Based on decreases in Murf-1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression and increases in muscle fiber diameter. It could be concluded that aerobic and resistance exercise with intermittent cycles of ischemia are more effective than any of the exercise interventions alone in preventing muscular atrophy in diabetic rats.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the most common muscle disorders that severely reduces the quality of life. Regular physical activities, especially resistance exercises, are one of the most important non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy. By increasing anabolic hormones, resistance training inhibits protein degradation signaling pathways and activates protein synthesis signaling pathways and reduces muscle atrophy. Many medicinal plants can also reduce muscle atrophy by inhibiting the signaling pathway of protein degradation and activating the signaling pathway of protein synthesis. Turmeric, tribulus terrestris, rice bran and ginseng are examples of medicinal plants that can inhibit muscle atrophy. According to the common mechanisms of resistance training and medicinal plants on the process of muscle atrophy, the results of studies show that these two interventions prevent muscle atrophy, especially in the conditions of skeletal muscle wasting diseases, by affecting the signaling pathway of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. do These two interventions in combination with each other have a synergistic effect and strengthen each other's effect. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants along with resistance exercises is an efficient way to maintain muscle mass.

Decreased physical activity due to sciatic nerve ligation (SNL) cause muscle atrophy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of decreased physical activity in the form of spinal nerve ligation (SNL) on the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes (TWEAK and Fn14) after resistance, endurance and combined exercises.

Thirty rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1- Control group-SNL (Sham+SNL) (N=7),2- Mixed training group-SNL (Mix+SNL) (N=7), 3- Endurance training group-SNL (TE+SNL) (N=8), and 4- Resistance training group-SNL (LA+SNL) (N=8). Mix+SNL, TE+SNL and LA+SNL groups participated in training program for six weeks. Decreased physical activity was implemented for four weeks. Real time-PCR technique was used to measure gene expression. To determine the difference between research variables, analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the gene expression of TWEAK and Fn14 increased by decreased activity. The expression of TWEAK in SNL+La and SNL+Mix groups was significantly lower than Sham+SNL group (P=0.001), and the expression of Fn14 was significantly lower only in the SNL+Mix group compared to the Sham+SNL group (P=0.003). However, there was no significant change in the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 genes in SNL+TE group compared to Sham+SNL group.

These findings show that performing six weeks of resistance or combined training compared to endurance training before reduced activity (SNL), prevents the increase in the gene expression of TWEAK and Fn14. Therefore, the animals that included resistance training in their training program are more resistant to muscle atrophy caused by reduced physical activity than the group that only did endurance training.

Decreasing muscle mass is one of the detraining characteristics that associated with attenuated in muscle strength and muscle performance, and resulting in disability in performing of daily tasks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of decreased physical activity in the form of chronic constriction injury (CCI) on the Tweak and Fn14 proteins after resistance, endurance and combined exercises. 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1- Control group-CCI (Sham+CCI), 2- Mixed training group-CCI (Mix+CCI), 3- Endurance training group-CCI (TE+CCI), and 4- Resistance training group-CCI (LA+CCI). Mix+CCI, TE+CCI and CCI+SNL groups participated in training program for six weeks. After performing 6 weeks training, chronic constriction injury was implemented for four weeks. Western blotting technique was used to measure proteins. The results extracted by ANOVA and showed that Tweak and Fn14 proteins increased by CCI. The level of Tweak and Fn14 proteins in CCI+La and CCI+Mix groups and also CCI-TE group was significantly lower than Sham+CCI group (P <0.05). One the other hands, the level of Fn14 protein in CCI-LA compared with CCI-TE and CCI-MIX was not significant (P >0.05). According to the findings of the present study, it seems that mice that had resistance training in their training program experienced less atrophy than the group that did only endurance training.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two concurrent training (resistance training + high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) with different orders on inflammation caused by diabetes, inflammation-induced muscle atrophy, insulin resistance, and body composition in women with type 2 diabetes. 24 nonathletic 45-65 year-old women with type 2 diabetes voluntarily participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: control group, type I, and type II exercise. Both groups of exercises performed concurrent training for 8 weeks. The first group had both exercises on the same day in the form of resistance-HIIT and the second group had the same volume of exercise on separated days. Cardiovascular evaluation and body composition analysis were measured before and after the training period. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last session of concurrent training to measure glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, IGF1, and IL1β. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for comparison between groups and the results of post-test analysis of covariance showed a significant decrease in insulin resistance in both training groups compared to the control group. IL1β decreased significantly in both training groups compared to the control group and there was no significant difference between the two orders. The increase in IGF1 and fat-free mass were significant in both training groups compared to the control group and a significant difference was observed between type I and type II exercise (p < /em><0.05). The results of this study showed that concurrent training with two different orders can be an important factor in decreasing insulin resistance and inflammation caused by diabetes and increasing IGF1 growth factor while exercise on separated days had more beneficial effects on boosting muscle growth.

Because of exiting uncertainties in growth and maintenance of muscle mass processes, particular atrophy inducing inactivity, the aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the expression of atrogenic genes in the muscle of the rat in which the hind-limbs were kept under unloaded conditions.

For this purpose, 10 male Wistar rats were assign in two groups of suspension (n=5) and control (n=5) and the suspension group rats were kept for two weeks in this conditions. After 14 days, the soleus muscle was extracted and the expression of TRAf6 and MuRF1 genes was measured by real-time-Pcr method.

The results of this study showed that after 14 days of hind-limb suspension, the relative weight of soleus muscle was significantly decreased (P=0.009). In addition, the expression of TRAF6 gene was significantly increased (P=0.033), but MuRF1 was not statistically significant (P=0.061).

Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be stated that TRAF6 and its downstream factor, MuRF1, can be involved in the regulation of muscle mass in conditions of reduced muscular activity and mechanical unloading and as candidates for controlling muscle mass in conditions such as athlete's hospitalized after sports injuries or hind-limb unloading after injury to be considered.

  Due to the development of diabetes and complications of the disease such as Muscular Atrophy, And Considering the role of exercise in the management of symptoms, The purpose of this study was to Comparison of high intensity interval training with continuous endurance training on expression of Myod in diabetic rats. 21 Male Wistar rats with an average weight 260 ± 10g, after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, continuous endurance, intensity interval. The training program was conducted five days a week for five weeks. Endurance training sessions was 30 minutes running on treadmill with intensity of about 60% VO2max. In intensity interval group the program was four frequency of 3 minutes of 85 to 90% VO2max and one minute recovery between each frequency with 30 to 35% VO2max, Gene expression of Myod was measured by the method of qREAL TIME PCR. The One-way analysis of variance showed a significant increase the expression of Myod in high intensity interval group compared to continuous endurance(p<0.05) and control groups (p<0.05); But there was no significant difference between continuous endurance and control groups. Due to the high intensity interval training seems to be severe, with induction of gene expression of Myod may be an effective intervention for reducing muscle atrophy in patients with diabetes, while the high volume of moderate-intensity exercise (endurance) on this aspect of diabetes effect not significant.