جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Limb Coordination » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The purpose of this study was to address the effect of task constraint on learning of movement pattern and parameter during observational learning. For this purpose 16 participants, all right-handed, were randomly divided into ball and no-ball groups. Both groups observed a point-light display of full body demonstration while one group had to throw a ball like the model (with task constraint) and the other had no information about the external goal of the task (without task constraint). Both groups performed 20 trials as acquisition, and one day later they completed 5 trials as retention. Movement kinematics were recorded to be compared with the model. Variability of intra-limb coordination and the peak wrist velocity difference in reference to the model were calculated. The results showed that in movement coordination the no-ball group performed more comparable to the model than ball group, but, in peak wrist velocity, the ball group was more comparable to the model. These results were observed both in acquisition and retention. A possible reason for these results could be the ball group’s ignoring of the movement pattern in order to achieve the external movement goal.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of observing different kinds of information during observational learning. The population of this research were all male student in Shahid Beheshti University (2010- 2011) that 24 right handed of them were selected as available sample that had no formal experience in the throwing tasks. This study was quasi-experimental and participants were divided randomly into three groups according to the films they observed. The first group observed the full body, the second group observed the throwing arm, and the third group just observed the wrist of the hand. Participant completed 20 trials as acquisition and 24 hours after that were recruited to laboratory again and completed 5 trials as retention. After this period there was a period as re-acquisition that all participants observed the full body information. Movement accuracy, intra- limb coordination and the difference of maximum speed of wrist from the model was calculated. The results of this study showed that the Full body group was better than two other groups in movement accuracy but in learning of movement pattern it was weaker than two other groups. However, there was not a difference between throwing arm group and wrist group. Also, there was not a significant difference between groups in maximum speed difference. Generally, the results showed that in some situation observing the relative information of full body is not useful, and even in relation to other kinds of information (restricted relative information or absolute information) will result in a fewer learning. It may be showing the relative information of full body results in that observer ignores the movement pattern.