جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Skill » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The present research was conducted to design a brand development model for human resources in sports organizations (case study: managers of sports and youth departments in Tehran province).

According to the data collection method, the research was sequentially exploratory. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included 20 academic experts, senior managers, and sports assistants of the sports and youth departments of Tehran province. Sampling was done using non-probability and snowball methods. In the quantitative part, the statistical population includes the middle managers, who are the employees of the sports and youth departments of Tehran province and the heads of sports teams of Tehran province. According to Morgan and Karjesi's table, 270 were selected by random stratification. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by university professors who are familiar with the subject of the research. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported (α=0.883). Finally, the structural equation model was used to design sports organizations' human resources brand development model.

Data analysis identified 128 primary codes, 15 sub-categories, and four main categories. The results showed that the human resources brand development model in sports organizations can be formulated by considering the factors of human resources brand development at four macro levels: macro, micro, individual, and organizational.

Based on the results of the research, sports organizations must empower human resources to shape the personal brand of sports managers, which includes Technical skills, human skills, social communication competence, human resource performance evaluation, perceptual and communication skills, training and development of human resources, psychological skill, satisfaction and commitment of human resources, organizational leadership, organizational justice, organizational culture, internal branding, specialized competencies and pay special attention to individual merits. The findings of this research show that the human resources brand development model in sports organizations can improve the meritocracy of sports managers, improve the performance of managers, and gain a competitive advantage for sports organizations.

Background& The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cognitive and Motivational Imagery on the learning of soccer shooting and pass skills. Subjects of this study consist of 48 masculine students of Shahid Beheshti University with age ranged 19-30 years who did not participate in organized soccer trainings. Participants were randomly assigned in 6 groups (cognitive imagery, motivational imagery and control in shoot as motor skill and pass as cognitive skill). Research protocol included pre-test; 15 acquisition sessions (3 days a week); acquisition test immediately after the last acquisition session; and retention and transfer tests, 72 hours after the acquisition test. For data analyzing, with regard to the effect of pretest scores on posttest scores, it was used one-way analysis of covariance Bonferroni post hoc test in acquisition, retention and transfer. Results indicated that in instep shooting skill, there was no significant difference between cognitive and motivational imagery, but in pass skill motivational imagery group was significantly better performance than other groups. Regarding these results, coaches and athletes are advised to use motivational or cognitive imagery in motor skills and motivational imagery in cognitive skills.

Abstract Sport Organizations as the main custodians of sport exercise play a vital role in development, promotion and improvement of any kinds of sports in both public and athletic sports, and also in reducing plateuing. Therefore, the present study aimed to design employees' plateuing model among the employees of Youths and Sport General Organizations in North-West Provinces of the Country.The study was done through combined methodology i.e. quantitative-qualitative and making use of deep interview and exploratory factor analysis. Study population consisted of all employees of Youths and Sport General Organizations in North-West Provinces of the Country including 329 individuals among whom 181 individuals were selected through random-cluster sampling and based on Morgan's table.  The results indicated that according to established structures from exploratory factor and factor analysis and also, structural equation analysis, totally 63 factors were identified influencing the occupational plateuing categorized in 11 sub factors and 5 main factors. Each of the main factors including skill factor (lack of technical skill and occupational immaturity), psychological factor (lack of individual motivation and external prize) inside work factor (occupational inflexibility, lack of transparency and promotion), within organization factor (lack of appropriate training and work relationships), and management factor (lack of management support and dissatisfaction of management style) influenced occupational plateauing respectively and approved the plateuing mode in youths and sport general organizations in north-west provinces of the country.

The Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied in descriptive and laboratory tasks in the field of motor and sport skills. It is necessary that tDCS effects on real sport skills are investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the Effect of tDCS on performance of basketball two point field throws (BFT) in skilled basketball players. In this quasi- experimental study, we used a repeated measure design including a pretest, intervention, posttest and follow. A total of 26 male basketball players were randomly divided into either an experimental or a sham group. Both groups watched the point light model of the performance of two elite basketball players. Then, the participants of the exercise group received tDCS over their pre-motor cortex for 20 minutes. The participants of the sham group underwent identical tasks performance except that tDCS was artificially applied for them. BFT was assessed at baseline (pre-intervention), one day post-intervention and 7 days post-intervention. For analyzing data, two factor Mixed model ANOVA, independent and paired t-tests were used. Results showed that anodal tDCS created no between group's differences in BFT in the intervention phase while tDCS lead to significant improvement of BFT in experimental group skills compared to sham group in test phase. Results showed that tDCS could be considered as a useful intervention for the improvement of BFT in skilled basketball players.

The importance of social status in all occupations, including among educators, was essential. This issue has led to the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the social status of physical education teachers in Iran through structural interpretation modeling. The present study was descriptive-correlational research that as Field was done. The statistical society of the present study consisted of university professors, physical education teachers and educators in the field of research. According to the bullet selection, 34 people were identified as the sample of the study. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of this study showed that 15 factors affecting the improvement of social status of teachers were identified. These factors were classified into six levels.

The present paper aims to compare the subcomponents of skill, attitude, barriers and the need to apply IT by the coaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s national teams. The type of the research was applied and the used methodology was comparative, with a field data-collection method. The statistical population included 42 coaches of Iranian national teams attending the 16th Asian Games held in Guangzhou, China. Using census sampling method, the statistical population was considered as the sample. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by 11 experts and university professors in the field of IT as well as physical education, and its validity was established by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (=α0.92). Descriptive statistics was used to describe the demographic characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Friedman’s test were used to analyze the data.
The results showed that there was a significant difference in the subcomponents of the four variables of obstacles, attitude, skill, and the need to employIT by the coaches of national teams (P=0.05). Moreover, by prioritizing the subcomponents of each variable, the coaches’ needs and obstacles in using IT can be eradicated on one hand, and on the other, their skills can be improved using their attitude.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different video speeds (50, 100 and 150 percent) on football learning skills. The statistical population of this study was all male students of the third and fourth grade of Delfan city. Based on the preconditions of the research, 48 subjects were selected as the sample. Selected samples were randomly assigned to the target groups. The research has a pretest - posttest. After completing the post-test, and completing the FOLQ observational learning function inventory (Cumming et al. 2005), the subjects were subjected to the ABBA method in a sub-scale of skill in the four groups (a control group and three observation pattern video observation groups). The groups were able to see the skillful video model at 100% speed, viewing a skilled video game at a speed below the normal speed (50%), viewing a skilled video game at a speed higher than the normal speed (150%) and the control group. Practicing 8 sessions takes place one day.

The present study is to evaluate the life skills among the youth in Yazd province. The statistical population included all the youth in Yazd, Ardakan and Meybod cities aged 15 to 29 years old in 2016 that the total number was 211045. The sample size, based on the Cochran formula, was 953 in the three cities. The sampling method applied in this study was multi-stage cluster. The research’s instrument was life skills inventory (Saatchi et al., 1389). The findings of the research indicated that the level of life skills and the level of different aspects of life skills among the youth in Yazd were higher than the theoretical average amount. It was shown that men's life skills were significantly higher than women's, with the increase in the level of the education of parents, the level of life skills in young people increase and employees had a higher level of life skills. There was a significant relationship between the individuals' income and their life skills level, but there was not a significant relationship between the family's income and the life skills. Also, the findings of the present study did not show a significant difference between the level of life skills in terms of marital status. The results of this study indicated that the level of life skills among the youth in Yazd is higher than the theoretical mean, but there is a long way to reach the desired level. Findings of this study indicate the necessity of planning and implementing different programs in order to improve youth’s life skills.

The aim of this study was to codify the competency model of managers of Sport and Youth general office of Isfahan province. The statistical population included the managers of Sport and Youth general office in Isfahan province (N=82). To identify the perspectives and criteria of competency in the mentioned managers, semi-structural interviews were conducted with senior managers. After content analysis of interviews and using elites’ viewpoints, the comprehensive competency model of managers was extracted and confirmed. The elaborative frame of competency of the mentioned managers was confirmed in 3 perspectives (knowledge and awareness, skill and capability, personal properties), 7 criteria, and 35 indexes. The definition of each index was codified according to the literature and confirmed by elites. It should be noted about the elaborative frame of competency of managers in Sport and Youth general office of Isfahan province that the provided model included all perspectives (knowledge and awareness, skill and capability, personal properties) which indicated the comprehensiveness of the model.

Mental toughness is the ability to increase the flow of the positive energy against obstacles. The aim of the present study was to compare mental toughness of male and female skilled and novice climbers. 130 climbers that were randomly selected and divided to skilled and novice groups. Data were collected through Mental Toughness Questionnaire of Sheard, Golby and Van Wersch. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test (P≤0.05). The results showed that the main effect of skill was not significant but the main effect of gender and interaction between gender and skill were significant. Further analysis on the data showed that the highest mean belonged to the male skilled climbers in confidence component and the lowest mean belonged to female novice climbers in control component. Male skilled climbers were also significantly higher in all three subscales of confidence, control, and stability than female skilled climbers. So, it is suggested that according to the nature of climbing which is an endurance and risky exercise, merely being skilled at developing the mental toughness of climbers was not a criterion and other factors such as gender and its interaction with skill play an important role as well.

The aim of this study was to design the development model of entrepreneurship skills for sport management students of Iran. This descriptive-analytical study was of exploratory nature which was conducted as a field. The statistical population included 2761 sport management students. According to Morgan table, 338 subjects were selected as the sample by simple random sampling method. For the purposes of this study, a researcher-made questionnaire with 28 items was used; its face and content validity was confirmed by 15 sport management professors and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study with 30 subjects and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=0.94). Construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by factor analysis. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. The findings showed that environmental, technical, commercial and management factors played a role in developing entrepreneurship of sport management students. Also, all fit indexes of development model of entrepreneurial skills in sport management students were favorable and confirmed this model.

The present study investigated the prediction of the effect and contribution of developmental and skills factors related to talent identification before football education on 10-12-year-old adolescents’ skill performance after 8 educational sessions. The statistical population inclued all certified football schools in Isfshan city and finally 16 schools cooperated with the researcher. The sample included 171 male adolescents (mean±SD: age 11.01±0.79 year, height 141±7.8 cm, weight 34.03 ±7.5 kg) and 4 subjects were selected from each age group of each football school by simple random sampling method. The participant's skill performance including running with the ball, turning with the ball, dribbling and speed of running were assessed by football talent identification tests derived from the Football Association of England before and after 8 sessions of football education. Reliability of these tests were 90% and their validity was 85%. Descriptive statistics and multivariate stepwise regression analysis were used in this study. Data analysis revealed 4 models to predict adolescents’ skill performance after 8 sessions of football education according to the pretests. Finally, the perfect model predicted 59.4% of variability of the critria.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and prioritize skills of Sport and Youth managers in Mazandaran province. Research method was descriptive-survey and in term of objective was practical. The population consisted of all employees and experts in Sport and Youth offices and 80 employees and 12 senior experts and experts were selected as the sample. A questionnaire with 21 items derived from Fardi Azar (2001) questionnaire assessed the skill of managers. Validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test (α=0.89). TOPSIS method was used to assess the skills of managers and AHP-FUZZY method to calculate the weight or importance coefficient of each factor of sports manager's skills. The findings showed that manger's skills were prioritized as follows: conceptual skills (strategic and long –term goals, awareness of laws and regulations), human skills (effective listening, influencing people) and technical skills (authority, resource allocation). According to these results,educating of sport managers and nurturing and enhancing the abovementioned factors in each skill are solutions to increase the performance of managers in this sample.

Metacognition is one of the main facilitators of learning and performance of athletic skills، and sport activity is one of the low-cost options for improving metacognitive skills. Nevertheless، little research has been carried out to confirm the interaction between metacognition and exercise. Some sports activities may improve metacognitive strategies. In turn، researches have shown that the strategies which affect metacognition were associated with a marked positive effect on psychomotor skills and sports. This analytical report، aimed to present the reasons why sport activity & metacognition interact with each other، using analytical approach، to review the relevant literature of each، and to outline basic guidelines that might serve to direct the relationship between metacognition and sport activity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sex, skill level and age on functions of observational learning in Taekwondo athletes. 200 Taekwondo athletes (Elite=103, Non-elite=97) with age in the range of 13-38 years old (21.69±4.4) volunteered to answer the Functions of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ). FOLQ was used to assess 3 functions of observational learning (skill, performance and strategy) in athletes. Factorial analysis results showed no significant difference between male and female athletes, but it was found that elite taekwondo athletes significantly used functions of observational learning more than non-elite athletes (p<0.05). Also, taekwondo athletes firstly used observational learning to improve the skills, followed by strategy and performance, respectively. Furthermore, the results of Pearson correlation demonstrated that there were converse relations between age and using functions of observational learning and the relation between age and performance was significant (p<0.05). It seems that observational learning has different functions in different sport fields and coaches should consider this matter when teaching the athletes. Also the effect of skill level is more than sex variable which coaches may attend this factor. Observational learning should also be used more for athletes that are in lower ages and skill levels.