جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Wrestlers » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Objective :

Wrestling is one of the sports that have a high percentage of injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review physiological and biomechanical injuries in the field of wrestling.

Methods:

 The present study was a library-based and systematic review. The search for articles in Persian and Latin was conducted from 2010 to 2022. This search was performed across different databases, including WOS, SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC, and Google Scholar. Fifty-five relevant articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 12 articles related to the review of physiological and biomechanical injuries in the field of wrestling were analyzed.

Results:

 The findings showed that the average injuries in the lower area were about 34%, and in the upper area, it was 33%. In the lower part, most of the injuries were reported in the knee and ankle joints, and in the upper part, they were reported in the shoulder, elbow, and waist joints.

Conclusion:

 It seems that excessive weight loss, along with non-observance of the principles of warming up and cooling down in the field of wrestling, is of great importance in the occurrence of injuries in this field.

Athletic performance is a complex phenotype that is determined by several environmental factors such as diet, exercise and social factors. Genetic factors may also contribute to the inter-individual differences in athletic performance. The aim of the current study is to investigate the frequencies of alleles of polymorphism of ACTN3 gene among Ardabilian adolescent beginner wrestlers.

The subjects in this research were 15 beginner teen wrestler boys (with 13.07±1.53 years old and 48.66±7.37 kg weight) from Ardabil city. The method of measuring ACTN3 gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing through saliva sample was determined and compared. The data were analyzed by goodness of fit chi-squared test at a significant level P<0.05 using SPSS 22 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism (P<0.001). The relative frequencies of RR and RX genotypes were 80% (n=12) and 20% (n=3), respectively. Also, the relative frequencies of R and X alleles were 90% (n=27) and 10% (n= 3), respectively.

In general, the results showed the superiority of the R allele in ACTN3 gene polymorphism in the Ardabilian beginner teen wrestler boys. It seems that the evaluation of the frequencies of polymorphism of genes may be effective in choosing the right sports field in basic age classes.

The purpose of this study was to the impact of an exhaustive exercise on static balance of freestyle wrestlers with flat foot.number of 15 freestyle wrestlers north khorasan province, the method semi-empirical and purposefully based on anthropometric variables with mean and standard deviation, BMI (kg/m2) (25.41±3.619) per square meter, Age (y) (22.8±2.833), Weight (kg) (79.9±1.837), Height (cm) (176.25±8.331) were intrant this studied.

The data analysis from descriptive statistical method (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics method (Shapiro-Wilk test dependent t-test was used to evaluate intragroup changes (P≤0.05).

The results this research showed, between static balance and wrestlers flat foot after an exhaustive practice a significant relationship and over affinity was between demographic characters with static balance in wrestlers with flat foot (P≤0.05).

Based on research results, it can be concluded that flat foot deformity associated with exhaustive exercise can on postural control and affected static balance freestyle wrestlers.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of core stability and neuromuscular exercises on FMS of male wrestlers aged 9 to 12 years. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design. The statistical population of the study consisted of male wrestlers aged 9 to 12 years and the sample consisted of 45 wrestlers in Esfarayen. After performing the FMS, they were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental1 and experimental2. The control group performed routine wrestling, experimental1 neuromuscular and experimental2 core stability exercises for 6 weeks. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The overall results showed the effect of core stability and neuromuscular exercises on wrestlers' FMS. Therefore, coaches are advised to use these exercises in wrestlers' training programs due to the importance of FMS test in pre-season evaluations and prevention of sports injuries.

The aim of the present study, Developing The ethical workbook for athletes of the Federation of Wrestling of republic of Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of members of the National Freestyle Freestyle and the Far East, wrestlers of the most prominent provinces, federation members, and pioneer wrestlers. The statistical sample of the targeted and available method is 117 people. 51 questions questionnaire measured tool researcher with factor 9 was. Validity of the questionnaire by 10 professors of sports management confirmed. Reliability of the questionnaire using cronbach's alpha obtained 0.947. In order to analyze the data from the statistical descriptive indicators, such as the mean and standard deviation of the distribution, frequency and % and were used. For status questions, and the concept of a single t-azazmon a sample as well as to prioritize the questions and test data from Friedman and to compare the questions, and the concept of ethical workbook from the independent t-test and analysis of variance were used. For factor analysis of structural equations manner,plc and spss24 software were used. Based on the results of all the dimensions of the concept of moral system in the 95% confidence level are meaningful And the size of their share of structure fitted up to have played a significant Among the factors affecting the ethical dimensions of the codification system to arrange the dimensions of justice, Human Dignity and Respect is the highest priority.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and its components and wrestler's success in international Takhti Cup competitions. The statistical population included all 257 Iranian and foreign wrestlers participating in international Takhti Cup competitions. Based on Morgan table, 155 subjects were randomly selected as the sample. Moral Intelligence Standard Questionnaire of Kiel and Lennick(2005) and Sporting Success Questionnaire of Roberts et al. (1998) were used in this study and their reliabilities were reported as 0.91 and 0.89 respectively. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression) were used. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between moral intelligence and its components and wrestler's sportingsuccess. Also, the results of multiple regression showed that moral intelligence could predict and explain 0.532 of the changes in wrestlers’ sporting success. Because the moral intelligence is a key factor in sporting success, it is essential to consider their moral intelligence for more success and pave the way for their better performancethrough their continuous training.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of one-week supplementation of citrulline-malate, L-arginine and their combination on growth hormone concentration and metabolic responses in male wrestlers. In this semi-experimental study, 40 male wrestlers (aged 19-25 years; weight 60-90 kg; body fat percent 12-20%) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided in four equal citrulline-malate (Cit; 4g/days), L-arginine (Arg; 4g/days), their combination (2g/days Arg + 2g/days Cit) and placebo (P) groups. Before and after supplementation period, all subjects were participated in a competition like wrestling. Blood samples were obtained in the 4 phases: one hour before and immediately after two competition like wrestling protocols. Plasma growth hormone (GH), glycerol, fat free acid (FFA), and glucose were analyzed. Change any of the parameters (mean and standard deviation) of four stages and between groups is determined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurement and post hoc tests, respectively. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The findings of present study showed that GH and lactate concentration were significantly increased after one week supplementation of arginine, citrulline-malate and combination of citrulline-malate with L-arginine. Also, it can be concluded that the one week citrulline-malate with L-arginine supplementation is more effective than the citrulline-malate or L-arginine supplementation to prevent the exercise-induced decrease in some glucose levels. Therefore, it seems that Cit supplementation week more effectively than L-arginine for exercise induced increased of growth hormone, glycerol, FFA and preventing of decreases glucose levels.

This study aimed at examining the relationship between anxiety of coaches and anxiety of elite wrestlers in Kermanshah province. In this correlational survey, the statistical population included elite wrestlers (N=250) in addition to coaches (N=20). 152 subjects were selected as the sample by Krejcie and Morgan table. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) was used to collect data. The validity of this questionnaire was approved by some sport management professors and the reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (r= 0.86). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t test and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety of coaches and anxiety of wrestlers (α=0.5). Hence, competitive anxiety had a deep and effective relationship with performing motor skills in competition conditions. Therefore, coaches should be aware of needs, intentions, physical and psychological factors of themselves and their athletes and pay attention to competitive anxiety of athletes before and during the competitions in order to gain optimum results.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between coaching self-efficacy and Iran premier league wrestlers'' sport commitment. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The wrestlers from 8 teams (n=120) including all wrestlers in Iran premier league (2012) completed demographic questionnaire، coaching self-efficacy scale (Feltz et al.، 1999)، and sport commitment questionnaire (Scanlan et al.، 1999). The findings showed a significant correlation between enjoyment (one of sport commitment dimensions) and coaching self-efficacy (effectiveness of strategies of games or competition). This study provided coaches with an insight into those effective factors that enhanced sport commitment.

Rapid weight-loss to participate in a lower weight-class is the most important problem in the current wrestling sport.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rapid weight-loss on the physical fitness and exercise performance parameters in the teenage boy elite wrestlers.
Ten elite wrestlers (16.4±0.51 y, 62.3±8.31 kg, 172.6±7.44 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometric parameters, body fat percent, long distance jump, height jump, flexibility tests, Queen's step test, Illinois agility test, 60-meter dash, visual and audio reaction times, and grip force were measured in three sessions 1) before weight-loss, 2) after weight-loss and 3) 16 hours after weighing. Repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni pairwise comparisons were computed to identify any statistical differences between sessions.
Current results shown 2.5 % rapid weight loss cause a significant difference in the grip isometric force (p According to the results obtained in this study, rapid weight-loss has a negative impact on the performance and physical fitness parameters in the teenage elite wrestlers and after 16 h recovery did not return to the normal values.

Coping style is one of the substantial factors influencing sport achievements in sport competitions. The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sport stress coping styles on sources of acute stress and salivary cortisol in wrestlers. With regard to the criteria and variables of this study، 30 out of 270 active national wrestlers participated according to the cut-off point of coping styles questionnaire in two approach and avoidant coping groups. The participants were asked to complete Sources of wrestling acute stress questionnaire and to collect the saliva to measure salivary cortisol levels. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that sources of acute stress were significantly higher in approach coping wrestlers than avoidant coping group (P=0. 001). Also، salivary cortisol level was significantly lower in avoidant coping group than the approach coping group (P=0. 012). According to the results، different stress coping styles influenced perceived stress of acute stress and salivary cortisol levels in wrestlers. The findings of this study can be used in instruction of different sport stress coping styles in wrestlers in order to reduce their mental pressure in the competitions.

Because of the little understanding about both cardiac function and also physical performance recovery in between the time period among formal wrestling weighing and the first competition following acute weight loss, in this research the efficiency of rehydration on anaerobic power, cardiac function and also Hct and plasma Aldosteron level’s recovery was evaluated similar to wrestling official weighing condition. 6.32 cm, weight: ± 36 elite male free style wrestlers (height: 174.33 3.83 year) voluntarily participated in this study. The ±15.26 kg and age: 22.66±79.53 group was then divided into two (experimental and control) groups for the present study which was conducted for 2 consecutive days. The cardio screen, blood sampling and RAST tests were taken respectively following a standard breakfast (after night fasting) at the first day morning (basal condition). Thereafter, dehydration 0.27% of body weight) was induced using sauna method in between 12 to 16 ±(1.48 pm and the cardio screen and blood sampling were repeated in the following. Finally, rehydration conducted until 24 pm. The second day morning was completely similar to the first one. The plasma Aldosteron and Hct levels measured using Elisa and Microhematocrit methods respectively. ANOVA for repeated measurements and pair samples t test was used to analyze the data at significance level equal to 0.05. There were not significant differences in between the first and second day’s anaerobic power indices (peak, min and mean power). Significant differences was observed only in experimental group with regard to all the measured variables [including stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), left cardiac work (LCW), rate pressure produce (RPP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), left cardiac ejection time (LCET) and also Hct and Aldosteron levels] in between both dehydration rather than normal level and also rehydration rather than dehydration, in exception for the pre ejection period (PEP) and cardiac out put (P<0.05). The cardiac function is affected by acute dehydration; however it is not the case for anaerobic power. The induced changes can be defaulted by rehydration in between the official weighing and the first competition which indicates on poor prevention context toward acute body weight loss.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of overt and covert motivational self-talk on perceived exertion and performance in a progressive exercise until exhaustion in wrestlers. The population consisted of wrestlers in Urmia and 15 volunteer subjects were selected. This study was performed in three sessions with a one-week interval. The first session was held without self–talk while the second and third sessions were held covertly and overtly respectively. Bruce aerobic exercise test was used in this study as well. The time to exhaustion was considered as performance. Burg scale was used every 3 minutes in order to measure subject's exhaustion. To analyze the data, ANOVA with repeated measures and TUKEY post hoc test was used. The results showed that only covert self-talk had a significant effect on subjects’ performance (P=0.002). Also, overt motivational self-talk (P=0.001) significantly decreased the subject's perceived exertion rather than covert self–talk. There was no significant difference between covert self-talk and without self–talk (P=0.121). In conclusion, overt motivational self-talk decreased the perceived exertion of the subjects in the progressive exercise until exhaustion while covert motivational self-talk improved subjects’ endurance.

Researchers use resiliency for people who do not show undesirable consequences in terrible and unsafe conditions. Resiliency is often referred to constructive and positive compatibility in order to deal with problems. As athletes cannot cope with their defeats most of the time, they should study this issue and its interaction and acquisition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and the resiliency in Iranian premier league wrestlers. For this purpose, 80 Iranian premier league wrestlers participated in this study. They were asked to fill out the Persian version of Schutte self–report EI test (SSREIT) and Connor and Davidson resiliency (CD–RISC 2) questionnaire. Mean age of all athletes was 23.8 with standard deviation of 2.85. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the overall scores of EI and resiliency (P<0.01). Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the subscales of EI and resiliency (P<0.01). Simultaneous regression analysis results showed that the subscale of perception and expression of emotions had a significant contribution towards explaining and predicting resiliency (P<0.01). Emotion regulation subscale significantly predicted resiliency (P<0.01). Overall, it can be concluded that EI is an effective factor in predicting and improving resiliency of the Iranian premier league athletes and wrestlers and it can increase resiliency of athletes.

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between aggression and anxiety, and personality characteristics of adult elite wrestlers. Statistical population included young and adult elite wrestlers membering in 1392 national team. Due to the limited statistical population, sample was as a whole number and includes 74 wrestlers. They completed voluntarily demographic, SCAT Martens competitive anxiety (1970), Yztk personality characteristic and Bass and Warren sport aggression Questionnaire (2000). Data was Analyzed using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion Index) and KS test, Levin and Pearson correlation coefficient in the %5 level by SPSS statistical software. According to statistical analysis, it can be concluded that there is significant and meaningful relationship between wrestler anxiety and aggression. In addition, there is significant and negative relationship between anxiety and introversion and extroversion of wrestlers. It can also be resulted that there is significant and negative relationship between anxiety and consistency and inconsistency of participating wrestlers. Another result is that there is no significant relationship between aggression and wrestlers psychological characteristics. The result will be that between aggression and psychological characteristics of wrestlers participating in the study, no significant correlation.

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of caffeine supplement ingestion on Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and lactate (LA) in young wrestlers after specific interval exercise. 24 wrestlers were selected with the averages of age (20 ±2.8 yrs), weight (68.54±7.88 kg) through questionnaire and interview and were randomly divided into 3 groups each having 8 members. Subjects participated in a two-phase specific interval activity protocol (before and after caffeine ingestion) with 48 h rest between them. The first group performed specific interval activity in 6 minute, but the second group performed two phases of specific interval activity in 6 minute with an hour active recovery between them. The third group performed the same activity in three phases. Blood samples were taken in two phases (before and after caffeine ingestion), each phase in three steps (immediately after three phases of test). The data were analyzed through one way ANOVA and LS in significant level P≥ 0.05. Results showed non-significant increase in FFA and blood lactate in the three groups with the exception of lactate changes in the first group as compared to the pre-test. According to the results of this study, it could be concluded that caffeine supplement can not affect FFA, lactate and metabolisms in wrestlers. Therefore, caffeine can not increase fat lipolize and can not affect lactate accumulation in wrestlers.

Myostatin, as a powerful inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth, and follistatin, as a potent inhibitor of myostatin, play an important role in regulation of body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of myostatin and follistatin in wrestlers. 15 male wrestlers (22.5 ± 1.7 years, 77.1 ± 9.1 kg) decreased 4% of their body weight during 48 hours via traditional methods including severe diet and dehydration.Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured, and blood samples were obtained to assess any changes in myostatin and follistatin concentrations prior and after the protocol. Data were analyzed via paired t-student test by SPSS. Following weight loss, myostatin and follistatin concentrations were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p < 0.01). Relative and absolute fat mass as well asabsolute fat free mass were also decreased (p < 0.01), while a significant increase appeared in relative fat free mass (p < 0.01).Discussion and Rapid weight reduction can beget a catabolic environment in fat free mass via an increase and a decrease in circulating myostatin and follistatin, respectively.