جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاثیرات زیست محیطی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Environmental issues in Iran are increasing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and environmental concerns of the construction of Karun 3 multifunctional dam in Khuzestan province. To investigate eight variables (effects on water, sound effects, effects on land, effects on air, effects on Habitat, socio-economic effects, health effects and beauty effects). The method of the present research has been applied and the opinions of experts in this field in the form of questionnaires and interviews have been used to examine the mentioned factors. The sampling method was a combination of two methods non-probability targeted sampling and snowball sampling. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results show the positive effect of social capital on environmental behaviors and attitudes and in addition, the inadequacy of social capital in improving environmental behavior and attitudes of dwellers. The results also indicate the desired effects and the creation of large and important benefits in the region through the construction of Karun 3 Dam. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired goals by applying appropriate environmental management systems, it is necessary to direct the set of activities in a way to minimize the possible negative effects of such a huge project. Findings from regression analysis also showed a 25% explanation for changes in environmental concerns with social capital.

Dams as one of the regional and national development infrastructures of each country have different effects on their surrounding regions such as rural areas. These impacts in various aspects and including environmental can be effective in sustainable rural development and its structural-functional framework. These impacts are two kinds. Rural settlements with regard to social and economic structures although in some cases accept positive effects of Dam construction, but their negative effects are not low. Karun-3 Dam in Izeh county as one of the largest reservoir dams in the country from dams is that due to the geographical features, have affected on Surrounding region especially rural areas. due to the current situation in rural areas, Identifying and explaining these effects is essential. The purpose of this research was investigate the environmental effects, Karun-3 Dam on surrounding rural areas.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK : The global organization emphasis on preserve life about natural conditions more than twenty river network of world, that negative effects of Dams construction on these rivers on environment is more of their creation benefits such as agricultural water supply and produce electricity. According to the organization, one of negative effects of Dams construction on some rivers is Waste in use of water in agriculture and the destruction of the natural environment, plant and animal species. In addition, large dams could have Geomorphic and hydrologic impacts on the ecosystem of region. In other words, studies show that dams have Great environmental impacts on vegetation, diversity and change in coastal ecosystems, human settlements and so on. This point is important, the emphasis on suitable management of and a stable with having systematic view. Therefore, proper management of the dam and surrounding regions, attention to sustainable development perspective and systematic view is from basic necessities.
The research methodology based on the nature is descriptive-analytical and based on the purpose is, functional. Among the villages around the Karun-3 Dam were selected 38 villages, with due to Specific geographical properties. The statistical population was 2531 households and the sample using a Cochran formula calculated 334 households and Finally, to increase the reliability sample, the number was promoted to 350 households. The questioning in level of rural household was done. Finally, data after collecting using SPSS statistical software were integrated. In addition, from 38 rural local managers were interviewed and in the form of Grounded Theory, interviews organized and presented. Also on the section of opinions of experts, 100 experts in Izeh County were investigated.
Karun-3 Dam had much impacts in environmental instability on rural areas. For example, increasing climate change at the local level has led., Because the lake of Karun-3 Dam has been to increase parameters such as temperature and humidity in the region and in its result, in addition to direct effects, other consequences has entered on agricultural activities and the general economy. With climate change, Crops cultivation and so on be also experiencing problems that with lack of planning, this issue has been intensified and Agriculture in the region has been reduced. Also cultivable rural land tenure both in upstream and downstream has led to decrease in the agricultural sector. While this section should be developed due to the potential created, but because Rural the agricultural sector has been a downward trend. Of hazards, Dam created many earthquakes in the region. That as a result is the destruction and creation of multiple gaps in rural housings. In addition, rural land use has changed. Also vegetation covers and water resources in many cases has changed and the number of wells has decreased. Based on the findings of qualitative, two factor Increase of local temperature and increase of the hazards is known the most important environmental impact of the dam. Evaluation of environmental variables in rural areas upstream from expert opinion shows, the situation is not only not improved after the dam, but has worsened and this issue shows comparison of the mean scale in after dams Construction (49/2). In addition, the findings showed that at the household level, Karun-3 Dam affected in trend of less favorable environmental variables around villages the upstream and downstream. Amount evaluated variables equal significance level is (Sig = 000/0), it is confirmed. Also Independent sample t-test indicates to better environmental variables villages upstream to downstream with a significance level (Sig = 0/000).
Karun-3 Dam as a big reservoir Dam have been affected in decrease and trend of environmental variables of upstream and downstream villages. But this effectiveness has negative trend, not positive. Environmental variables in upstream rural areas. considering their average was better in before dam. By considering achieved average difference, is less situation upstream and downstream areas in after dam creation and Dam influence have more negative trend. Of course, we can say that this negative trend is the result of mismanagement. In general, the environment is affected by various human phenomena's including development projects. Using the results obtained can be in planning in the field be useful for decreasing the difficulties in rural areas.

Today tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of economy with the potential to support local communities in developing economic diversity. While tourism development in rural areas induces both different positive and negative environmental consequences. Planning to find an optimal balance between benefit and cost of environments raised from tourism development need to understand attitude of host community towards the environmental impacts of tourism. Aqso area in Kalaleh County of Golestan province has many natural attractions and in different seasons is always great interest to tourists. This research aimed to investigate rural community attitudes towards the environmental impacts of tourism in Aqso area of Golestan province. Descriptive-analytical research methods technique based on a questionnaire survey was employed. The questionnaire was used for data gathering. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by local experts and some faculty members and its reliability way verified through calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient between α= 0.687 till α=0.888. Data from 130 head of households who selected randomly from 5 villages in Aqsou sub-district are used in the empirical analysis. In this research two dependent variables include positive and negative environment impacts of tourism and independent variables include, economical dependency on the tourism resources, environmental attitude community attachment, using tourism attractions, community concerns and perceived state of the economy were analyzed by multiple enter regression. Moreover these two dependent variables were compared based on different groups of respondents by independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results showed most important of environment positive impact was "increase in local people’s cooperation to environment conservation" and "greater attention to sanitation and the prevention of mass usage" and most important of environment negative impact was "increase in sewage, waste and rubbish" and "crowds in the direction of the forest area". Gender, marriage status, being native, education age, income, as well as distance from tourism place have no influence on perceived environmental negative and positive impacts. While respondents with membership in rural civic groups less value negative impact but people with more length of residency less value positive impacts. The results of Wilcoxon test revealed that negative environmental impacts of tourism development have been assessed more than its positive environmental impacts by respondents. The results of regression analysis showed that community attachment, environmental attitude and community concerns have direct significantly influences on perceive environmental negative impacts. Also community attachment, economical dependency on the tourism resources and perceived state of the economy have direct significantly influences on perceive environmental positive impacts.