جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تبریز 2018" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Since the 1990s, after both economy and society moved from Fordism to post-Fordism, a new paradigm emerged from the beginning of the new century. Due to the impact of the knowledge economy on urban communities, this paradigm known as knowledge-based urban development emerged in the late 20th century (Yigitcanlar et al., 2008a: 64). The knowledge-based urban development concept was considered as a practical management strategy for urban residents in various areas of sustainable social, economic, and urban growth along with the postmodern development of urban areas. Meanwhile, despite the benefits of superior information and communication technologies in urban areas and in particular the topics related to these technologies in accelerating the process of knowledge-based urban development, this factor can cause major challenges in balanced urban development. In this regard, one of the main obstacles in this area is the digital divide. The digital divide refers to the inequality in access of all members of society in terms of quantity and quality to information and communication technologies. In most societies, the right to create information is practically given to everyone, but distribution or sharing is taken away from them; hence, information resources are not used equally by society (Lievrouw and Farb, 2003: 414). Some societies deal with a deep digital divide in terms of information technology, which in turn impedes the realization of the city of knowledge. In various sources, the digital divide is mentioned as one of the barriers to a knowledge-based city (Butcher, 2009: 59 & Norris, 2001). Considering the above-mentioned cases, Tabriz metropolis needs to reach a variety of goals to become a knowledge-based city. One of these goals is identifying the impact of the digital divide on the concept of knowledge-based urban development. Therefore, the focus of this article is on the study of the effect of digital divide indicators on knowledge-based urban development variables in the city of Tabriz.

In the present article, the structural equation model has been utilized to comprehensively study the conceptual model of the research. In this study, the opinions of 50 experts have been taken. To estimate the impact of digital development factors and gaps on each other, researchers created a 44X44 matrix by considering 32 knowledge-based urban development sub-indices in addition to the 12 digital gap variables within a system. Accordingly, after obtaining the outputs related to the expert’s opinions, these results were analyzed in MicMac software. Software outputs can greatly help to understand the dimensions and relationships of the system along with the way the system will work in the future in the various forms of tables and graphs (Rabbani, 2012).

According to the analytical results of this matrix, the variables including government influence, strategic planning, managerial interventions, broadband access, and social stability have the highest effect on the system. Furthermore, the most susceptible direct variables of the system include geographical location, urban competitiveness, foreign direct investment, economic status, research, and development. By observing the obtained results, it is easy to see the government’s role in positive or negative effectiveness in reaching the goals of digital city and knowledge-based urban development.Additionally, the results obtained from the distribution chart of variables have the following points:Determinants and influential variables (Located in the northwest of the Chart with High effectiveness and Low susceptibility): Management interventions, age, broadband access, cost of living, affordable housing, networking and strategic cooperation, justice, and social integration.Two-fold variables (located in the northeast chart - high effectiveness and low susceptibility): urban competitiveness, quality of life, government impact, e-government, strategic planning, urban branding, etc.Result variables (located in the southwest of the system- low effectiveness and high susceptibility): patent applications, worker knowledge pool, educational investment, basic professional skills, language skills, and socio-economic dependence.Independent variables (located in the southeast of the system - low effectiveness and susceptibility): cultural and social norms, disability and physical ability, social stability, unemployment, environmental impact, use of sustainable transportation, etc.

To achieve structural knowledge-based urban development, the influential factors within this type of development are considered as an interwind or structure (system) to measure their inter-relationships due to enabling users to extract key variables of the system. In the present study, a variety of indicators were assessed for tackling problems related to the digital divide within the city and altering it to digital equity in Tabriz city. Those variables with the maximum effectiveness along with two-fold indicators have been chosen as key factors. A brief look at the concepts used in this study indicates that there is a conflict between the concept of the digital divide and urban knowledge-based development. In this regard, to eliminate this conflict, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of some variables. These variables include improving existing management tools and policies, strengthening the existing infrastructure for easy access to ICT by citizens, increasing people's skills and awareness, and finally strengthening the people's economic status by turning the digital divide into an opportunity along with providing a basis for the successful realization of knowledge-based urban development.

Creating a creative city and creative tourism are considered as one of the most successful urban management practices to attract material and immaterial capital. In pursuit of this goal, Miran-e-Shahriy has been developing a creative tourism infrastructure. The metropolis of Tabriz has also been selected as the capital of the Islamic countries for tourism in 2018, with its huge potential. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of effective factors on the realization of creative tourism and the infrastructure of this city in the pursuit of this goal. The type of research, applied and its descriptive-analytical method is correlation. Data analysis was done by statistical tests. Prioritization of the elements of the creative city and urban areas is in line with the development of creative tourism, using network analysis and topsis models. The statistical population of the study is 758421 people living in Tabrizchr('39')s 10th district. Of these, 384 people have been selected using Cochranchr('39')s formula and simple random sampling.The variable of this research is 10 criteria with 16 sub-criteria. The results of statistical tests showed that all components of the creative city have a significant correlation with the level of creativity of urban areas of Tabriz. In this regard, the two variables of creativity and creative class infrastructure were the most correlated with 0.583 and 0.557. The results of the ANP model showed that the criteria for creativity and creative class infrastructure with the score of 0.389 and 0.269 have the most importance in the formation of the creative city. The study of the status of different regions of the city according to the indicators of the creative city showed that eight of them are more suitable due to the concentration of historical works, shopping centers and recreation centers. As a result, practical solutions have been developed for using urban infrastructure to form a creative city and identify Tabriz to Islamic countries.

It is increasingly recognized that the information revolution has far-reaching economic and societal impacts. At all levels, governments are relentlessly searching for strategies to respond to the new realities. In the last few years an increasingly popular strategy has been to speed up the adoption of ICTs (information and communication technologies) by citizens and companies the view being that higher levels of ICT adoption can contribute substantially to sustainable social and economic development. The most important development issues of our age are subject suc as: information and digital revolution, communications technology, virtualization, privatization and network economy. In this case, ICT has much impact as a phenomenon encompassing the whole range of human activities ranging from personal applications to economical, political and ultimately development activities. City of Tabriz, due to the being seleting as Islamic capital of tourism on 2018, is needed to be evaluated in terms of ICT problems. Accordingly, the objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of digital divide indicators on urban sustainbale development. The employed method, is descriptive-analytic and casual. The approach is survey. The current paper is intended to evaluate each factor of digital divide which acting as an obstacle in development process and identify the effective factors systematically. In this case, Variables of both digital divide and urban sustainbale development were analyzed by using experts’ opinions in Micmac software. According to obtained results, the local facilities variable has the most impact among the system variables. In addition, information skills and management intervention were identified as subsequent effective factors.

It is increasingly recognized that the information revolution has far-reaching economic and societal impacts. At all levels, governments are relentlessly searching for strategies to respond to the new realities. In the last few years an increasingly popular strategy has been to speed up the adoption of ICTs (information and communication technologies) by citizens and companies the view being that higher levels of ICT adoption can contribute substantially to sustainable social and economic development.
However, the diffusion of ICTs drives access to information and knowledge: the inequality of distribution of ICTs within or between societies may have a very unequal impact on economic development which is so-called digital divide. The digital divide has become an extremely important issue for many international organizations and a major challenge for policymakers and academic researchers.
Narrowing the digital divide is a key for increasing the level of literacy, employment and development in any country and community. Information and communication technology (ICT) has a major contribution to the individual growth in the modern society. This paper is concentrated as follows: in section 2 the relevant research literature is discussed, while in section 3, the relevant methodology based on fuzzy linguistic Micmac is discussed and subsequently, the impact of digital divide indicators on urban sustainable development is presented as a global system in Iran. To accomplish that, a case study is selected. City of Tabriz with the population near to 2 million people is one of large cities of Iran which is located in north-west of Iran. This town duo to the being selected as the tourism capital of Islamic world in 2018 is selected as the case study. According to objective of the research and identifying the impact of some variables on the whole system, Fuzzy Linguistic Micmac method is selected due to exploring direct or indirect effects.
In the current study, we uses new methodology derived from MODO named FL Micmac. It is intended to uncover the most related variables in a system by employing a linguistic version model of the Cross Impact Analysis method by creating a scenario. According to Porter in 1985, a scenario is an internally stable perspective of what future is similar to be - not a foretaste, but a feasible future consequence. A definition is given by, that emphasizes on this fact that views reflected by scenarios can be served as a foundation in decision making at the present time. To get such consistent definitions, other methods are required to supply an apparent understanding of the systems we tend to evaluate, which are typically complicated and formed by many interdependent factors or components. This technique is Fuzzy linguistic Micmac which is presented first time in urban studies to indicate the outcome of the impact analysis of the integrated system including both digital divide and urban sustainable development variables.
The first step for this new model is to determine the set of linguistic labels (defined by fuzzy triangular numbers for example) that will be used to establish the degree of influence of one variable on another. Secondly, the experts use these linguistic labels to set the influence degrees for each pair of variables. Then, from the superior and inferior ideals (the ideal cases in which all the non-null influences degrees defined by the experts are set to the higher and lower label, respectively) a new set of linguistic label is defined for the global influences and dependences. We should note that these labels provide information in absolute terms.
To establish the linguistic label that corresponds to each variable, an aggregation operator is applied. The information obtained from this operator allows ordering and plotting the variables in an analogous way to MICMAC. This information together with the linguistic labels associated to each variable permits to analyze the results from a relative and absolute point of view. However, as we explain next, FLMICMAC provides more accurate rankings since it takes into account the underlying vagueness of the aggregated experts’ judgments. Let us focus on the five top ranked variables in terms of direct or indirect influence/dependence:1. Direct Inf: Literacy, disability and physical capabilities, restrictions imposed by the government, age, local facilities.
2. Direct Dep: English language skill, literacy, geographical location, economic opportunities, and educational opportunities.
3. Indirect Inf: Literacy, restrictions imposed by government, disability and physical capabilities, age, local facilities.
4. Indirect Dep: English language skill, literacy, economic opportunities, geographical location, educational opportunities.
As it is apparent, some variables of digital divide have much direct/indirect influence/dependence on the global system. The digital divide can never be contained in isolation but the efforts has to be multi-dimensional and multi-pronged. ICTs are of the enabling tools to bridge digital divide. Creation of ICT infrastructure and content are core methodologies and a thrust to technology growth in a planned manner will certainly lessen the gap. While digital divide is an issue of recent concern, technology divide has been an issue for much longer. There are two approaches to enable a wider population to benefit from technology and information revolutions; one is to enhance level of literacy (basic, functional technology and computer education amongst masses) which this issue became the most effective factor in the current research and another is to design appropriate IT tools around the capabilities of users that employs audio/visual input/output, without need to be literate; low cost telephony and data communication.
By exact consideration on the obtained results and evaluation of them, it could be concluded the investing on both education and e-infrastructure particularly in low income settlements besides empowering the economic condition of people can change the digital divide to digital opportunity and move the urban community of Tabriz toward high quality of life and ultimately sustainable development. This paper is only a first step, in that we have analyzed the impact and effectiveness of the digital divide. Further research is needed to develop successful strategies to lead Iran cities into the digital opportunities which may result knowledge-based urban development