جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توانمندی اقتصادی" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Urban studies thinkers consider citizens' participation as one of the infrastructures for increasing in the capabilities of urban management. In order to citizens' participation to be meaningful and express the main concept of participation, it must be on a local scale and then reach the transnational arena. Neighborhoods, as the most fundamental elements of cities, have a special place in shaping and organizing the affairs of Tehran. With the establishment of the Pahlavi government and the effort to modernize Iran and the growth and increase in the population of cities, the traditional structures of urban life, including neighborhoods, underwent a transformation. The Law of City Associations was approved before the revolution, but it took many years to pay attention to neighborhood life again with the formation and implementation of the city's Islamic councils in 1998. In recent years, the neighborhood has been defined as the center of concentration and connection of urban services - people and municipality - in the smallest structural area of Tehran municipality. This center was chosen in such a way that all the possible capacities of the municipality can be delegated to it, and at the same time, concrete and objective participation of the citizens was directed to it in all areas that can be participated in, and new and up-to-date functions were defined for it. New social theories consider women's participation in sustainable development processes to be essential, and since the field of women's activity is traditionally wider in the fields of family and neighborhood, the local administration has envisioned a special role for women in city affairs and implemented special programs to improve their quality of life. In an environmental approach, women have the ability to play a greater role as leaders or active participants in smaller communities such as urban neighborhoods. It can be said that women play an essential role in local social cohesion. This type of connection is especially necessary to achieve social planning and successful management in multicultural societies. Because experience has shown that women pay attention to the dimensions of the needs of all groups in society and are not limited to the views and desires of powerful and effective members of society and often seek to create bridges over social, cultural and racial divisions as well as incompatibilities in society. That society will lead to a better life.

Based on this, the current research tries to investigate the effect of local women's participation in the programs of active organizations (Serai Mahlah) on improving their quality of life. Angeh, Homayun Shahr and Aqdasiye neighborhoods were introduced and selected as examples by the neighborhood management strategic headquarters because of their active role in this matter. In the current research, a survey method was used with the two goals of description and explanation. At the level of description, the goal is to provide information on the level of participation of women in the administration of neighborhood affairs, and at the level of explanation and analysis, the goal is to find the existence or non-existence of a relationship between independent and dependent variables. At the same time, it has been used to compile the theoretical foundations and review previous researches in a documentary (library) way. The statistical population of the research is made up of the women of Tehran's active neighborhoods in the field of participation in the administration of city affairs, and on this basis, two groups of active and inactive women were selected from among the women of these neighborhoods and investigated. In this research, the sample size is 240 tons, which was determined based on Cochran's formula, which is divided into two parts (124 active tons and 116 inactive tons). In the sampling method, there are two important reasons for choosing the neighborhood center, one is that the manager of the neighborhood is a woman, and the other is the introduction by the neighborhood management strategic headquarters as the most active centers in the neighborhoods of Tehran, which are Angeh, Homayoun Shahr, and Aqdasiyeh neighborhoods. Available sampling method was used to select local activists and random sampling method was used for inactive people. A questionnaire was used to collect information. After verifying its validity and reliability in the preliminary stages of the research, the questionnaire was used to collect the required data in the final stage. The results obtained from this research show that the existence of the neighborhood management institution shows that the participation of citizens is recognized as a necessity and need for collective life, and women are not excluded from this as citizens of the society. Sarai Mahalat is active as one of the sub-institutions of neighborhood management, and the use of the services provided in it can have a significant impact on improving the quality of life of women in various dimensions, and the officials are required to provide the necessary conditions to create the necessary infrastructure and facilities in this regard. On the other hand, they should create the necessary motivation in women in different ways so that they also become eager to participate in local affairs (various aspects), because compared to men, women devote more time to work inside and around the house (local area), so they have deeper experiences, knowledge and insight to build the environment around them. According to Arnstein and Hannah Arendt, if women can have an active participation in the administration of local affairs and not just a theatrical participation, they can actualize and realize their potential talents in various fields. It seems that if the participation of women at the local level has positive results (as the results of this research confirm this), it will lead to this fact that women are encouraged to participate at higher levels of society, which will facilitate the development of the country.

In the present study, the impact of the use of services provided in Sarai Mahalat on the quality of life of service users was investigated in different dimensions. At first, the presence or absence of a relationship was measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient, which confirmed the existence of a relationship between women's local participation and the improvement of their quality of life in different dimensions. In the following, the difference between the average scores of the group that used the services and the group that did not use the services was investigated using the T-test, and according to the obtained scores, the hypotheses of the research were confirmed. After that, two-dimensional tables were used to clarify the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The results of these tables show that the intensity of the relationship between local participation with the quality of life and physical health is greater than the intensity of its relationship with economic empowerment.

The main purpose of this study was investigate the role of women's home-businesses and their economic empowerment in decision-making. The required data for this study has been developed by using questionnaire technique as survey method. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 87 precent based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Population samples of this research were 161 rural womens which were selected according to Cochran's formula (N=265). The results showed that 73.9 percent of women had high economic empowerment and only 12.4 percent of women were poor. Totally of 71 precent of cases, the decision-making power was good or excellent, and only about 7.5 percent have poor decision-making power. The results also showed the significant relationship between economic empowerment and some independent factors like education and type of home-business. Finally due to the impact of home-based businesses on economic empowerment in decision-making, it is recommended to develop rural women home business. Also it is recommended to identify successful and effective home-based businesses and use their experience in developing rural home business.

The empowerment of women is an essential precondition for the elimination of world poverty and the upholding of human rights. This concept is accompanied with freedom, self-determination, and power, which are necessary for the women all over the world. Empowerment gives the rights to women to enable them be independent of men. The concept of power has a long history in social sciences and its derivatives like empowerment is one of the controversial topics among social science and management researchers. Women’s empowerment is often described as a key factor in the well-being of women and their households, and as such, has been quantified, measured and described in a variety of ways. It is a dynamic process that cannot be observed directly, but through the use of proxies and indicators it can be approximated. The empowerment of women is an essential precondition for the elimination of world poverty and the upholding of human rights. Particularly at the individual level, it helps build a base for social change. Empowerment is very context specific, and in a predominantly Islamic society with high levels of illiteracy and poverty, the indicators used to measure global dimensions of empowerment are very different than those applicable in a Western context. The fact that many women in the developing world are now better able to control fertility does not necessarily mean that they have become more empowered. Even with nearly two decades of empirical research on assessment of women’s empowerment and measurement of empowerment indicators, the process of women’s empowerment is still poorly understood. Over the past twenty years, the central role of rural women in relation to many aspects of development, such as providing food security, environmental sustainability, poverty reduction, population control, and social development is clear for the international community. Women are in sustainable development strategies as often as those of the central core. Poverty reduction policies, as well as women's work and the benefits they are entitled to, can be helpful for them. Female empowerment has now become both as an end in itself and as a means to achieving other development goals. In recent decades, empowerment has become a mechanism for the improvement of life quality of women. Creation of the rural women cooperatives is one of the main mechanisms for empowering women. Cooperatives are the most rational and convenient form of organizing small and medium farmers. They are key components of strategy for developing rural and underdeveloped regions. Besides providing competitive positions in the market, the most important fact is that cooperatives make sure that part of the profit generated in agricultural production chains remains with farmers which enables reinvesting and improvement of production on an ongoing basis. Many experts of economic and social development in Iran stressed the need for women to form cooperatives. They emphasized the role of women in economic and social activities, to expand their participation in the development process with the cooperation mechanism. Empowering women is one of the issues that have recently attracted attention of many researchers. Empowering women means that women have achieved a level of personal development that enabled them to make their choice based on demand. Review on previous researches demonstrates that the creation of women’s cooperatives serves as a strategy for women's empowerment in the recent years. This research aims at investigating the impact of Homayjan Women Rural Cooperative - as a national successful women’s cooperative - on female empowerment. This study examines the role of the women rural cooperative on all the aspects of women`s empowerment. It can provide the understanding of how cooperatives influence the members. This study also indicates that with membership and participation in cooperative activities, you will have the ability to influence many aspects. In addition, this study examined factors that were influencing women`s empowerment. A case study approach was employed for this research. It used a sampling method and was proportionally classified. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 123 cooperative members and board members, (out of 300 members). The impact of cooperative membership on female empowerment was measured in economic, socio-cultural, familial, and psychological dimensions. Face validity of the structured questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts, and reliability was obtained through a pilot test. The results revealed that cooperatives have a low impact on female improvement in all dimensions, as perceived by cooperative members. Results showed that member`s satisfaction and income were predictor variables of women`s empowerment. In order to analyze the most important factors that influence the empowerment of rural women in Homayjan Cooperative and also to determine the independent variables in the prediction of empowerment of the members, multiple regression tests were used. The stepwise method was used to determine the regression model. The results show that, member's satisfaction in cooperatives and income are two of the most important predictor variables of empowerment of rural women in a cooperative.

Despite growing interest and increased investments in empowerment، the development of instruments and indicators with which to monitor and evaluate empowerment processes and outcomes are still at an early stage. The main goal of this study was to introduce and test the World Bank empowerment model for assessing the economic empowerment of rural people and to identify contexts and factors affecting it. A survey was conducted through questionnaires. The required data was collected from the rice producers of Rasht County، of whom 185 were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability for various items، using Cronbach''s alpha، was estimated between 0. 69 and 0. 88. The results showed a positive and significant effect of structure of opportunities on economic empowerment. Access to production inputs، markets and credit، opportunities available for learning and participation will improve desirable outcomes and economic empowerment. But opportunities created by government policies and programs do not have statistically significant impact on empowerment. In addition، available resources include economic، social and human assets as well as the direct effect on the economic empowerment، have indirect impact on the dependent variable through structure of opportunities. Practical implications: Due to farmer''s weakness، results suggest a capacity development program for marketing. Moreover، improving access to credit، especially for Small scale farmers، through creation and development of Rural Credit Cooperatives and microfinance institutions، which provide small loans to rural poor with little income or collateral، is strongly suggested. Regarding the low level of Beneficiary participation، it is recommended to encourage their participation in agricultural development projects to ensure the success and effectiveness of such plans. Original/value: This study applied World Bank empowerment model to assess contexts and necessities of people empowerment. Using this framework، people degree of empowerment is related to their effective choices. Capacity to make an effective choice is primarily influenced by two sets of factors: agency and opportunity structure.