جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توسعه شهری دانش بنیان" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

In the era of knowledge, the rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) is considered a crucial factor in addressing the growing environmental, social, and economic challenges in urban areas. Knowledge-based cities, leveraging this technology, are at the forefront of enhancing the quality of life for residents and the efficiency of services towards achieving sustainable urban development. This study aims to explore the potential and application of ICT in knowledge-based urban development. The data analyzed were collected through a survey of 66 experts from the Deputy of Urban Planning in the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality, ensuring theoretical saturation. Structural equation modeling and the partial least squares approach, utilizing SmartPLS3 software, were employed for data analysis. The findings indicate that the variables of ICT application and potential, as well as knowledge-based urban development in Tehran, and their respective components, scored an average ranging from 3.5 to 4.3 on a 5-point Likert scale, suggesting a relatively stable status. Furthermore, the coefficient for the impact of ICT application and potential on knowledge-based urban development exceeded 0.96, confirming the main model of this research. The outcome suggests that investing in research and development of ICT can serve as a solution to overcome the limitations of knowledge-based urban development in the Tehran metropolis.

The research aims to identify and analyze the challenges of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The opinions of 20 experts were utilized to identify the factors and barriers hindering the realization of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city. The ISM interpretive-structural modeling and Mic-Mac software were employed to examine the data on eighteen factors categorized into four dimensions (institutional-planning, economic, social-cultural, and physical) that serve as significant barriers to the implementation of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz. The findings revealed that the dominant and traditional political economy, along with rigid and unilateral approaches in policy-making, are the primary influential factors obstructing knowledge-based urban development. Additionally, citizens' reluctance to share knowledge and engage in communication, undervaluing knowledge acquisition and distribution, absence of a collaborative culture for knowledge management, citizen disconnection from current knowledge, underutilization of human capital, inadequate communication between universities and city management organizations for knowledge exchange, limited access to broadband and ICT services, digital divide, and unequal access to information and communication technology infrastructure, are among the key independent variables significantly impacting the city of Ahvaz

The concept of Knowledge-Based Urban Development (KBUD) is gaining popularity among urban scholars, emerging as a focal point of research interest that connects planners, economists, geographers, and other social scientists. This study delves into the KBUD features of Qazvin, tracing its journey towards becoming a knowledge city. With its universities, knowledge workers, and knowledge industries, Qazvin boasts a high capacity and potential for knowledge city status. The study explores the critical connections between Qazvin’s sources, internal capabilities, and KBUD. Utilizing qualitative content analysis, data were collected from documentaries, libraries, affiliate organizations in Qazvin, and the statistical agency. Experimental data were gathered through a survey employing the Delphi method. Meta-SWOT and PESTEL analyses were applied to process information and formulate KBUD strategies. While Qazvin possesses the foundations for a knowledge city, it exhibits deficiencies in various indicators. The research findings highlight Qazvin’s abundant sources and internal capabilities, such as the Science and Technology Park, KBUD vision, knowledge workers, and the creative class, which play invaluable roles in the city’s development as a knowledge hub. Conversely, weaknesses in urban research and development, coupled with economic downturns, pose significant barriers and threats to this endeavor.

Since the 1990s, after both economy and society moved from Fordism to post-Fordism, a new paradigm emerged from the beginning of the new century. Due to the impact of the knowledge economy on urban communities, this paradigm known as knowledge-based urban development emerged in the late 20th century (Yigitcanlar et al., 2008a: 64). The knowledge-based urban development concept was considered as a practical management strategy for urban residents in various areas of sustainable social, economic, and urban growth along with the postmodern development of urban areas. Meanwhile, despite the benefits of superior information and communication technologies in urban areas and in particular the topics related to these technologies in accelerating the process of knowledge-based urban development, this factor can cause major challenges in balanced urban development. In this regard, one of the main obstacles in this area is the digital divide. The digital divide refers to the inequality in access of all members of society in terms of quantity and quality to information and communication technologies. In most societies, the right to create information is practically given to everyone, but distribution or sharing is taken away from them; hence, information resources are not used equally by society (Lievrouw and Farb, 2003: 414). Some societies deal with a deep digital divide in terms of information technology, which in turn impedes the realization of the city of knowledge. In various sources, the digital divide is mentioned as one of the barriers to a knowledge-based city (Butcher, 2009: 59 & Norris, 2001). Considering the above-mentioned cases, Tabriz metropolis needs to reach a variety of goals to become a knowledge-based city. One of these goals is identifying the impact of the digital divide on the concept of knowledge-based urban development. Therefore, the focus of this article is on the study of the effect of digital divide indicators on knowledge-based urban development variables in the city of Tabriz.

In the present article, the structural equation model has been utilized to comprehensively study the conceptual model of the research. In this study, the opinions of 50 experts have been taken. To estimate the impact of digital development factors and gaps on each other, researchers created a 44X44 matrix by considering 32 knowledge-based urban development sub-indices in addition to the 12 digital gap variables within a system. Accordingly, after obtaining the outputs related to the expert’s opinions, these results were analyzed in MicMac software. Software outputs can greatly help to understand the dimensions and relationships of the system along with the way the system will work in the future in the various forms of tables and graphs (Rabbani, 2012).

According to the analytical results of this matrix, the variables including government influence, strategic planning, managerial interventions, broadband access, and social stability have the highest effect on the system. Furthermore, the most susceptible direct variables of the system include geographical location, urban competitiveness, foreign direct investment, economic status, research, and development. By observing the obtained results, it is easy to see the government’s role in positive or negative effectiveness in reaching the goals of digital city and knowledge-based urban development.Additionally, the results obtained from the distribution chart of variables have the following points:Determinants and influential variables (Located in the northwest of the Chart with High effectiveness and Low susceptibility): Management interventions, age, broadband access, cost of living, affordable housing, networking and strategic cooperation, justice, and social integration.Two-fold variables (located in the northeast chart - high effectiveness and low susceptibility): urban competitiveness, quality of life, government impact, e-government, strategic planning, urban branding, etc.Result variables (located in the southwest of the system- low effectiveness and high susceptibility): patent applications, worker knowledge pool, educational investment, basic professional skills, language skills, and socio-economic dependence.Independent variables (located in the southeast of the system - low effectiveness and susceptibility): cultural and social norms, disability and physical ability, social stability, unemployment, environmental impact, use of sustainable transportation, etc.

To achieve structural knowledge-based urban development, the influential factors within this type of development are considered as an interwind or structure (system) to measure their inter-relationships due to enabling users to extract key variables of the system. In the present study, a variety of indicators were assessed for tackling problems related to the digital divide within the city and altering it to digital equity in Tabriz city. Those variables with the maximum effectiveness along with two-fold indicators have been chosen as key factors. A brief look at the concepts used in this study indicates that there is a conflict between the concept of the digital divide and urban knowledge-based development. In this regard, to eliminate this conflict, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of some variables. These variables include improving existing management tools and policies, strengthening the existing infrastructure for easy access to ICT by citizens, increasing people's skills and awareness, and finally strengthening the people's economic status by turning the digital divide into an opportunity along with providing a basis for the successful realization of knowledge-based urban development.

Today, since cities are the focus of development and knowledge is produced and published in them, they play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development. Thus, with the evolution of the development concept, knowledge-based value, the driving force of urban development and changing the spatial structure of cities, the Knowledge City (KC), and the knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) have been proposed as an attitude for competitiveness and sustainable development of urban economics and their compatibility to the strategies of the knowledge economy through creating opportunities for the production and exchange of knowledge and innovation among citizens.Due to the fact that KBUD activities are related to the stakeholders in the field of learning and innovation, the use of the capacity building and networking tools based on the institutional framework and through the expansion of local stakeholder engagement can underlie and be the driving force of institutional changes for integrated urban development. According to the emergence of city knowledge studies and the lack of systematic development of its theoretical foundations, there has been a little report on the success or failure of KBUD policies and their challenges in the cities of developing countries. Recent studies have shown that the most important requirement for the realization of KBUD is institutional development. In order to create interaction and integrated compatibility between urban resources and stakeholders, the need for good governance and strong political leadership is a pioneer in science and technology that addresses the weakness of institutional arrangements and the inadequacy of the governing tools. the most important aspect of knowledge-based urban development is the institutional aspect, since it is the regulator of the relationship between the economic, social and environmental aspects of the city, which is performed based on political will, strategic view, strong relationships, and KBUD stakeholders' confidence. Recent empirical studies on the requirements for the realization of KBUD show that the most important requirement for the achievement and success of the knowledge city is institutional development. The results of the above-mentioned empirical studies on the feasibility and realization of KBUD show that all of these studies consider the most important challenges facing the realization of knowledge cities are governance weaknesses, inefficient institutional frameworks, low institutional capacities, poor KBUD stakeholder cooperation and low trust between them. Hence, capacity building and strengthening of trust and cooperation and relation network cohesion of the main knowledge-based urban development stakeholders are a suitable tool for paradigmatic changes towards the knowledge-based urban development. In this regard, identification and analysis of key stakeholders as an effective primary step for this important issue is inevitable.

The present research is carried out in the case study framework and 4 steps with the general functional goal and operational-descriptive-exploratory purpose and by the combined method and use of quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the first step, using a snowball sampling method, by referring to experts in the field of knowledge-based urban development of Isfahan, a preliminary list containing 83 potential stakeholders was prepared in accordance with the requirements of knowledge-based urban development and was let to the theoretical saturation of list regulation with 23 experts. In the second step, using the power-interest matrix model and completing the closed questionnaire by the experts and statistical analyses, 14 key stakeholders whose average power and interest rates were more than 3, were identified. In the third step, by completing a closed questionnaire by the experts and statistical analysis, type of power and interests of the main stakeholders of knowledge-based urban development were identified. In the fourth step, using the semi-structured interview method, the way of applying the key stakeholders’ power in knowledge-based urban development has been analyzed based on their type of interest and the use of open source coding and axial coding.

Considering the importance of implementing capacity building and networking tools by expanding the interaction of local stakeholders to create institutional changes for realizing the knowledge-based urban development of Isfahan and the results of empirical studies on the feasibility and realization of knowledge-based urban development of Isfahan, that considers the most important challenges confronting the realization of knowledge cities are the weakness of governance and inefficient institutional frameworks, low institutional capacity, poor cooperation of stakeholders in knowledge-based urban development of Isfahan, and low trust between them, thus, building capacity, strengthening trust and cooperation, and network cohesion of main stakeholders of knowledge-based urban development is an appropriate tool for a paradigm changing toward the knowledge-based urban development. In this regard, identification and analysis of key stakeholders as an effective primary step for this important issue is inevitable. Therefore, in the present study, through a systematic review of texts related to the requirements and factors of Isfahan’s knowledge-based urban development success, the concept of stakeholder and stakeholder analysis, processes and models for identifying and analyzing stakeholders and also using power-interest matrix model of key stakeholders, the knowledge-based urban development of Isfahan was identified and analyzed and the extent and type of power and interest and the way of applying their power according to their type of interest were evaluated and analyzed.

 The results of the research show that without the broad participation and engagement of all key stakeholders, it is very difficult to achieve knowledge-based urban development of Isfahan. Thus, the framework developed for the analysis of key stakeholders in the knowledge-based development of Isfahan provides a good understanding about the types of power and how to apply it based on the types of interests that each of the key stakeholders has on and the basis of which, through capacity building and networking it is possible to policy on how to promote participation and interaction between them in the process of achieving the knowledge-based urban development in Isfahan.

Knowledge Based  city or Knowledge Based urban Development (KBUD) is an  new approach and  strategy for  interaction between knowledge and city .this strategy, activate  the knowledge cycle in city  and connect urban economic foundations and driving forces of urban development to By knowledge cycle in urban space, the foundations of economics and the driving force of urban development based economy. This article has been attempted by structural analysis method cluster driving forces of Knowledge Based urban development(KBUD) in Tehran metropolis. This research is  a descriptive-analytic study. theoretical data is provided by on desk and field data with a survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 persons of  urban experts and driving forces including 50 variables in four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and institutional.these variables have been processed by the structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software. The findings from the overall analysis of the seismic environment showed that 838 has a relation of 3, which means that the relationships of the key driving force are very high and highly influential. The propulsion clustering system indicates the concentration of effective and dual driving force (risk and goal driving force). Of the 50 development driving forces, 15 key drivers include creative class, economic prosperity, effective leadership, research and development, urban diversity and cultural mixing, smart growth, macroeconomic infrastructure, governance and planning, good governance, social justice, effectiveness. The government, the just tax system, environmental sustainability, multinationals and e-government have been identified. Tehran's gradual transition to knowledge-based development requires prioritizing the forces, key drivers, and knowledge-based needs in formulating the city's main development strategy, which must be provided through the foundation of elaborate documents and the context of Tehran's development plan.