جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توسعه‎ی فضایی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Sustainable spatial development, in addition to general factors of development, also includes ‎ecological aspects, equality, integration, compatibility and environmental limitations. This ‎approach tries to deal with the phenomenon of regional imbalances and provide appropriate ‎solutions to achieve balanced and sustainable development at the level of the country. The ‎purpose of the present research was to analyze the use of rural spaces with an emphasis on ‎sustainable spatial development in Delfan villages. The methodological process used this ‎research is applied in terms of purpose, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The ‎method of collecting data and information is in the form of library and documental. Dimatel ‎cause and effect tool was used to analyze the information. which was done by the expert ‎panel method. The findings indicate that the spatial planning of Delfan villages is not based ‎on the strategic indicators of spatial sustainable development, but rather the formation of ‎factors such as: governance of economic thinking (1.17), and skeletal-infrastructure (0.67). as ‎the most influential, and equality and integration (-0.75 and -0.74) as the most impressionable ‎factors. Therefore, the planning of these settlements has not been in the framework of ‎sustainable development, especially spatial sustainable development. It means that it does not ‎include the principle of interdisciplinary and supra-disciplinary (the element of people and ‎place) which is a strategic challenge of sustainable spatial development. This has caused the ‎imbalance and spatial balance of the villages of this city. In the end, suggestions such as: ‎reforming the mental and executive structure of officials from paying attention to the general ‎dimensions of development, in terms of factors of equality, integration, compatibility and ‎existing environmental limitations; Rejecting the views of rural development from a purely ‎economic and political point of view; etc. has been presented.‎

The location of the country on the earthquake belt and the issue of earthquake crisis control, by looking at the statistics and recorded records of past and contemporary environmental threats, the fact is revealed that the current crisis management cannot alone be able to deal with the destructive effects of disasters in order to prevent the effects are destructive to vital and sensitive centers and human resources, therefore, it is necessary to apply the principles and criteria of passive defense, which can help to complete the defense chain effectively and significantly. Earthquake is a natural and often destructive phenomenon and event which has received little attention in the urban planning of the country. Most existing studies on reducing damages caused by earthquakes have been around building construction methods to increase the building's resistance against earthquakes. The main focus of the present study is investigating passive earthquake defense in Kermanshah city. According to the goal and in order to identify vulnerable areas against earthquakes, 45 components were identified in the form of 4 natural, physical, social and economic indicators and were investigated with the Aras model. During this research, in parallel with the basic investigations and presentation of theoretical foundations related to the research topic, a panel of experts was formed, and their opinions were collected in the form of a database in Arc GIS software. In addition to earthquake risk zoning, vulnerable spatial and physical development periods were presented based on specific passive defense principles and appropriate solutions to improve the current situation. The research results showed that Regions 8, 4, 1, and 6 have the least vulnerability and Regions 7 and 5. Moreover, 3 and 2 are the most vulnerable.

The rural guide plan as a document of the physical development of the village examines the existing situation of the villages, as well as determining how to use the land for multiple usages and how to deploy it in the future. Considering that the villages of the country have been formed due to special cultural, social, economic, and geographical conditions over the centuries, the present study tries to examine the role of a rural guide plan in the physical development of rural areas according to the mentioned conditions in Dalgan County. The statistical population of the current study is the villages of Jolgeh Chah Hashem District, where the rural guide plan was implemented. In addition, based on Cochran's formula, 312 people from rural households were selected as a sample population, who were questioned and measured by a simple random sampling method. Then, the extracted data from the questionnaire were analyzed by using correlation analysis, Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis test, in SPSS software. The results of the correlation analysis demonstrate that there is a logical and meaningful relationship between the implementation of the rural guide plan and the improvement of the physical conditions in the studied villages up to the confidence level of 99%. Furthermore, Cramer’s V correlation indicates that the implementation of a rural guide plan has stabilized the population of the studied villages of Dalgan County. In addition, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test indicate a significant difference of 99% in some indicators among the studied villages after the implementation of the rural guide plan.

One of the basic prerequisites for living in rural communities is the availability of minimum facilities and welfare services. Various measures have been taken by related organizations in order to provide villagers with welfare and physical services. In order to establish a comprehensive correlation between rural development services and the creation of a support institution for rural managers, a co-opment of the diner with the aim of intellectual and financial support from the Dehairan was formed in 2009. The formation of cooperatives in rural areas can contribute to the comprehensive development of villages and accelerate them more rapidly. The formation phase of cooperatives, income generation, self-sufficiency, and lowering the cost of production and increasing the quality of the project and, in general, participation in the development and services sectors. The main objective of this research is to investigate the role of cooperatives in the development of spatial physical services in rural areas of central part of Gorgan city. This research was done in the field of field studies and applied in practice. The community of this research includes rural diners and rural influences. The main instrument of the research is self-made questionnaire by the researcher. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts and through the Cronbach alpha coefficient (alpha = 0.82). Correlation and meaningful correlations such as Friedman, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney were used to assess the public satisfaction of the spatial physical services of the cooperative. The results of the findings showed that the cooperatives in the areas of infrastructure and welfare services have managed to achieve success, but in the areas of space and rural development, they have not achieved much success, on the other hand, the lack of the enumeration of councils and cooperative members of the dormitories It is for such cooperatives to be one of the most important problems in relation to their duties.

Today, with the physical growth of large cities and increasing intra-urban travel, the issue of transportation and the achievement of an optimal spatial development pattern based on public transport are of great importance. In this regard, recognizing the structural and functional constraints of cities in the spatial distribution of utilities, services and population, how to balance the economic, social and physical capacities of the city with transport potential, can lead to favorable spatial development strategies. So, this paper, by analytical-exploratory method, explores and explains the structural-functional urban development based on the TOD system in the traffic area of Tehran. Library and field studies have been used to collect information. For data analysis, spatial information system methods such as optimal access index, inverted interpolation (IDW) and network analysis based on the weight overlay of layers have been used with ARC GIS 10.3 software. Research indicators also include population density, land use, user diversity, and use of activity centers and network capacity of the road. The research findings showed that despite the high capacity of Tehran's transportation system, it has 17 km of radial bus lines (BRT) and 41 stations; 38 km of subway lines and 40 stations; and 107 km of bus lines with 317 stations; Inappropriate. On the other hand, 63% of the scope of the Mobility Index is located in the "high" area. As a result, due to the distribution of inappropriate applications, people daily diverge intra-city trips to receive services from a variety of locations. As a result, it seems to be necessary to restrict the use of private cars, the withdrawal of inappropriate and incompatible uses, encouraging people to walk and bike, and to keep the population in range and prevent the change of residential usage.

The increase in population and the expansion of urbanization have led to increasing pressure on the land and has caused the destruction of land around the cities and has been a major challenge to urban planning in recent decades. The present research is based on descriptive-analytical method and is applicable in terms of purpose. To analyze the spatial development trend of Shiraz metropolitan area, satellite imagery from 1365 to 1395 was used and for modeling changes in 1410, effective parameters in urban development and land transformation model were used. The results of the analysis of satellite images for the years 1365 to 1395 indicate the increasing changes in agricultural use and green spaces to land use. And in the course of 30 years it has destroyed more than 508 hectares of green space and more than 3373 hectares of agricultural land. The results of the Holdoren model indicate that 59 percent of the city's physical growth was attributed to the city's population increase and 41 percent to the horizontal and sparse growth of Shiraz. Continuing this trend, the future development of Shiraz will face increasing environmental and ecological problems. And with this trend, urban green spaces and more agricultural lands around the city of Shiraz will be under construction until 1410, and urban problems will double. Also, after 1410, new urban development will require an increase in urban areas and, as a result, environmental degradation around the city and agricultural land.       Extended abstract            Population growth and urbanization have put increasing pressure on the land, causing the destruction of land around cities, and have been one of the major challenges in urban planning in recent decades. In recent years, the development of sprawl and the growth of low-density housing along the transportation corridors have caused many problems and environmentally inefficient housing patterns and have had a negative impact on the periphery of the settlements. Analyzing the trend of spatial development of Shiraz metropolis and evaluating the uneven growth of the city with the existing population can reveal more effective factors in the uneven development of Shiraz. In the past two decades, it seems that the development of the periphery of the city has been the focus of most city managers and decision makers. This is supported by the development of the city in the northwest and other peripheral areas with favorable agricultural lands and gardens. The main purpose of the study will be to examine the urban spatial development of Shiraz in the past decades and what pattern it has followed and its impact on the future development of the city.         The present study is an applied developmental and a descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. Satellite imagery and available statistics have been used to analyze urban land use changes in the past decades. To study and evaluate urban development and to match urban expansion with urban population growth, the Holderen model has been used and analyzed based on this urban sprawl development model over the past half century. Research software include ARC GIS, ERDAS, Matlab. Also, land transformation model is used to model and predict urban land use changes.        Analysis of satellite images in the context of Shiraz city development process was performed in the land transformation model. After preparing the data in the ERC GIS, ERDAS IMAGING software suite, data were prepared in ASCII format for entering the model. In the learning cycle evolution model, learning was performed using root mean squared results, adaptation metric percentage, and kappa coefficient. The learning rate was evaluated from 100 to 30,000 cycles, the error rate was reduced to 10,000 cycles and the Kappa and adaptation coefficients were adjusted. Therefore, the basis of learning to avoid over-learning was selected in the 10,000 cycle, with RMS, PCM and KC of 0.693838, 0. 135858 and 75.788646, respectively. The results of the study from 1986 to 2016 indicate that during this 30-year period 25488 cells were developed 50 by 50 square meters and the result was used as an input to predict future development.        Following the development of the city in the past, most of the potential development has occurred on the west and northwest, and the southwest side has received some development. And the built-up areas of the city will increase by 27 percent in the year, from 12272 hectares in 2016 to 16501 hectares in 1410. Greenery will be reduced to 1276 hectares by 63% demolition and will have more severe forecasting horizons this year. Agricultural and wilderness areas will also decrease by 69 percent to 1545 hectares.  But in the mid-rise development model, the amount of land use change reflects a 52 percent change in agricultural and waste land. However, no change has been made due to the conservation of existing urban green space designated as protected areas in the model.Built areas also accounted for 20% of the more rational development, reaching 15020 hectares. Therefore, using this model, not only will urban sprawl be halted and urban landscapes protected, but also the improvement of inappropriate urban land uses will be prioritized and a dynamic urban form will be formed. The results of Holderen model in Shiraz show that between 1335 and 1395 about 58.9% of the city growth is related to population growth and the remaining 41.1% is to the horizontal and spherical growth of the city which results in a decrease in gross density. Population has been the increase in GDP per capita and, finally, the horizontal expansion of Shiraz.         The results show that the perception of land as a commodity and private property has strongly influenced the urban development of Shiraz and has expanded the city around and increased the urban area. In the IDP model, compared to the PDP model, the built-up area is reduced and the agricultural and green space degradation is reduced. The user class built in the IDP model is 15020 hectares, while in the PDP model it is increased to 16501 hectares, indicating that 1481 hectares is the difference in models of urban development, representing an 11 percent difference. Also in the IDP model, the green space user interface does not change. While in the PDP model, 37% of the degradation was achieved, and urban endogenous development in the IDP model reduced the development pressure on the peripheral and agricultural land, reaching 52%. But in the PDP model, more than 69 percent of this type of user changes. This means that in the IDP model, 1181 hectares of this land use have been preserved. Helderen's results show that between 1335 and 1395, about 59 percent of urban development was due to population growth and 41 percent to urban sprawl. Is.  With the continuation of this situation and the lack of a proper policy to maintain this land use, the sustainable development of Shiraz will face serious risks. The results indicate that as this type of development continues, more urban green areas and agricultural lands around the city of Shiraz will go under construction and alleviate existing urban problems. Also after 1410, new urban development will need to increase the urban area, resulting in the destruction of the environment around the city and agricultural land.

Urban land use analysis examines how to use the distribution, conservation, spatial organization of urban activities and functions based on the needs and needs of the urban community. due to the disproportionate growth of cities and the imbalance of cities, it is important to organize and optimize urban landscapes in order to improve the quality of urbanization and balance. The rapid expansion of urban areas and, consequently, the adoption of land use policy consider urban utilization as one of the most important determinants in the urban issues of the country; however, due to the diversity of distribution of urban use and the impact of the use of variables Various, analyzing and explaining it has always encountered problems. Therefore, recognizing and applying methods that can contribute to such an important step will be a good step for the faculty of the faculty of literature. The study of the process of evolution of the spatial structure of Babylon shows that in the years prior to 1300, various neighborhoods of the city were formed based on ethnic, religious and religious characteristics and have enjoyed a calm and organic growth. But in recent years, the implementation of developmental policies, without thinking and adapting to existing facts, seems to have resulted in physical growth and increased spatial separation among the neighborhoods of the city. The results show, which are descriptive-analytical and also using GIS , are of a practical nature, show that in allocating urban utilities, both spatial and per capita urban considerations Not done.

Disproportionate development of cities and extended accumulation cause the phenomenon like as informal settlements. And the results of developing the informal settlements are forming different damages of economy, society and environment. Results of thisseductions are inability of city a spaces in answering to largess necessity. Generally this unbalance urban growth forms in unprepared lands of city and its results are like as increasing unutilized lands, increasing open spaces, decreasing the accumulation of population separation of urban and social units: so the important issue that stays against the urban development is their future develop place. Recognizing and choosing a best place to future develop of city requires observing the roots and best development of criteria orientation. In finding place we try to rest the different parameters of relationship with each other.

Perception of urban development process in urban planning and management of sustainable urban development is important. In this paper physical and spatial development of Varzaneh city is studied and, after recognition of its potentials and restricts with using Boolean model and overlaying in GIS and also calculation of requisite space for the added future population optimum strategies for future development is suggested. The method of the research is descriptive-analytic and method of data gathering is documental-library. In order for completion of data and monitoring urban development of Varzaneh, we have accomplished field study and group interview with Varzaneh people. The results of the research indicated that initially urban development of Varzaneh has been was self-growing and have happened around the center of the city, but because of existing agric cultural lands. It was impossible to develop the core and the new city along with the old city has been developed (they separate from each other by the river). In new developing plans direction of development is to the north. The results also signified that not only it’s not necessary to expand the city for future development even when population are threefold rather than now but also altitudinal development of city is possible due to the free lands, urban sprawl and one- floor buildings.