جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جهان شهرها » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

At the same time accelerating the process of “globalization” in particular “economicglobalization”, a group of scientists made new theories and claimed that this process of globalization has destroyed “locations”, and “boundary and distance” don’t have meaning further. They claimed (geography is dead) and “geographical maps” are not effective in the modern world. In response to these comments, many geographers have developed a series of critical research and review articles on these trails. One of the things is production of the “new geopolitical map”. A descriptive analytical approach has been used in the current survey. Moreover, reasoning and logical analysis have been applied to analyze the findings and draw the final conclusion that what impact does globalization have on the geopolitical map and whether globalization is undermining the role of geography and political maps. As we know, the cities are playing the new roles outside of their political boundaries in the area of globalization and sometimes get more importance beyond their governments. “The new geopolitical maps”, instead of focusing on the countries and the actual boundaries used to draw the maps “of cities” and according to it doesnt matter the real boundaries. In this direction, valuable work has been done, one of which is the work of Taylor and his colleagues. The “new geopolitical map,” focuses on the relationship between worldwide cities. Relations of cities depiction around the world helps to create a new representation of the “space of flows global economy” that completes the “political space of locations”. In other words, new maps economic currents of the global cities are only a supplement to the political map of countries that provide a framework suitable space to understand the social changes under conditions of globalization.

The world cities are new-fangled phenomenon in the world economic system as the nodes where the world economy network connected and are the cause to shape the spaces of flows and makes the new power centers in the world's geopolitics. Meanwhile, the scholars of Peter Taylor's research group identified 54 cities as world cities and classified them on the bases of some deliberative indicators mainly in four field, namely, economics, culture, infrastructures, and communication facilities and categorized them into three ranks: world cities α (10 city), β (10 city), and γ (34 city).On the bases of these researches it seems there is a deep gap between the first and the fifty-fourth cities. Thus we can conclude that there is a basic difference between the "world cities" and the "global cities". Generally speaking, when a metropolis finds her place in the global economy framework and begins to compete with the other cities as a node in the global economy network and in the spaces of flows, it will promote to a "world city" and it occurs only for one among a dozen. This paper attempts to explain the meaning and clarify the concept of these two different terms and explain the differences between the two and at the same time try to eliminate their conceptual ambiguity. The main purpose of the paper is to prove separately the differences between the "world city" and the "global city" and their geopolitical infiltration zone. The indices which have been used here are mainly inspired by Freedman's world city and Sassen's global city hypothesis, with an especial consideration to the Taylor's group 12 indicators. According to Taylor's group researches there are 10 first rank cities which identified as α cities, which six cities of these (New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Singapore) considered as "global city". The other six cities in this group would be considered as global if they could continue the development process they are moving toward. The "world cities" which is considered as β and γ groupings considered as world cities with different rank of importance are subordinate to the four "global cities" mentioned above. Therefore we can see an explicit difference between the concepts of "world city" and "global city". Global cities are the headquarters of global economy and stand at the top of world cities.