جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حد اختلاف طبقه ای » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Urban hierarchy survey is the most effective way to recognize the organization of the city system and helps to manage its space. The lack of attention to the urban hierarchy system and the distribution and distribution of urban centers in the area of one region on the one hand and the growth of urbanization on the other hand will lead to imbalance and rupture in the spatial structure ofcities. This research is a descriptive-analytical method and a method for collecting information as a library. In this regard, the cities of the province based on the results of general census surveys of population and housing during the years 1335 to 1395 using the models (urban hierarchy profiles) ) ((Rank-size)) ((stratified difference limit)) have been analyzed and analyzed. The results indicate that the existence of two superior cities of Shahrood and Semnan, the hierarchy of the province from the rank of the rank - size did not follow, and the result of the stratified difference model showed that the division of cities in the province is not harmonious and systematic failure and a significant statistical failure in It is there. About 71 to 80 percent of the city's provinces are in the fifth-order population group. Graphs drawn from the urban hierarchy graph model over the past six decades show that the population of cities has not been balanced in different censuses and imbalances It is quite evident in the number of cities and their populations.

A survey of the urban hierarchy in Bushehr province Emphasis on the role of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone 1. Abstract In some countries، especially developing countries، Population growth due to natural growth rate increases and intensification of rural-urban migration process has led to dominance one City on urban systems، in terms، says to it «Prime urban phenomenon». In Iran، the explosive growth of urban population and its real rapid growth after 1345 led to collapse of pre capitalist system of production، Changing relations between urban and rural intensification of migration flows. One of results of its main Physical - spatial has been a manifestation of heterogeneity and imbalances in urban networks in the Country. This research investigates urban hierarchy in Bushehr province during 1355 to 1390.. Research method «is a descriptive analysis» that using Official census data for 1355 to 1390 and various models، urban hierarchical in Bushehr province، has been studied and analyzed. Research findings using of all different methods and indexes to determine Primate city index that Bushehr Province was without primate city. Hence، It balanced in urban system. 2. Introduction Since 1800 has increased growth of urbanization، So that in 1980، about 8/39% of the world''s population have lived in urban areas. (Darkush، 1383:10). In 2005، been estimated that the urban population of the world 18/3 billion people of a total population of 46/6 of the world''s billions، In other words close to half of world''s population has resided in urban areas، and hence، this year، we witnessed a rapid urbanization of the world ''s population. Roosa; 2008:3). Currently، urban population of the world is increasing about 3/2 percent each year، Meanwhile، rapid development and rapid industrialization in many Third World cities is astounding، Therefore، the important point is that huge volume of this growth will happen in the developing world، Place where cities، more than three times a Location in rich and developed countries are growing. (Leman; 1991:216). Mainly، These cities are Centers that a high proportion of the population living in those places، as the dominant cities or primate cities are known. An American geographer Mark Jefferson coined word، «Primate City» in 1939، for the first time for such cities (Azimi، 1381:65). the dominant cities or primate cities is a city that in terms of population or functioning can affect on other cities in a country (Shekooi، 1380:485). In relation to Iran، the explosive growth of urban population begins since 1345 that it is a actual reflection of the agrarian reform and national investment and rapid growth of investments is in the cities، Which led to complete collapse Pre-capitalist system of production with completion and development of new relations in the cities، led to the intensification of migration flows (Nazarian، 1383:79). Consequently، the country''s urban network gradually becomes heterogeneous. Thus، the present Study attempted to investigate and analyze Bushehr Urban hierarchy based on demographic variables of different models such as class differences، rank size rule، and based on demographics 1355 to 1385، 3. Research Methodology The research method is a kind of «a little – Analytical، with reference to official census figures of our country، Data and information needed to population of province''s cities، extracting، Then utilizing of models of different urban hierarchy، Bushehr province urban hierarchy has been analyzed. 4. Research findings survey of Bushehr province urban hierarchy over 1355 to 1390 Suggests that the province has almost balanced and homogenous urban network. At first، in province urban hierarchy using a model classes difference and then using model rank - size investigated and same results has obtained in a model classes difference over the course 55 to 85، number of demographic groups، will grow from 4 groups of 55 years into 6 groups in the year 85. In all courses، only in second group of model، city of province has not been place for it، and Bushehr in first group، Borazjan in second group، Ganaveh port city in third group، and in the Latest course Khormoj in fourth group and other cities of the province have been placed in last group، the same process also is repeated in Rank-size model. In general، Research finding are indicated a relative balance is in province urban networks. 5. Conclusions urban population increasing has been of the most significant reflection of Agrarian Reform and national investments after 1345، That eventually، It has led to imbalanced and heterogeneous country urban network، and in many cases to first urban phenomenon. The important point is that this condition should not be generalized to all regions of the country. In the meantime، survey of the Bushehr province urban hierarchy over 1355 to 1390 indicates that This province، on the contrary many provinces، especially the provinces that have megacities، provinces that almost are balanced and homogeneous urban network. Urban hierarchy In Province using model Difference classes and model rank - size has been investigated and similar results have been obtained. In a model classes difference over the course 55 to 85، Number of demographic groups، will grow from 4 groups of 55 years into 6 groups in the year 85. In all courses، only in second group of model، Bushehr in first group، Borazjan in second group، Ganaveh port city in third group، and in the Latest course Khormoj in fourth group and other cities of the province have been placed in last group. In general based on all different methods and indexes to determine Urban Primacy Index، (Two City Index، Four City Iindex، Mahta formula، Moomav and Alwosabi) can be said that Bushehr Province was without a Primate city، and it balanced in the urban system. But this kind balance is of type»mixed model«، Meaning that Bushehr province urban hierarchy is not Standard and Primate City is not dominate in it.

Not only lacking of attention to urban hierarchical system and city center distribution fashion in a region but also the rapid growth of urban settlements cause to lead issues such as immoderation and fragment in cities spatial structure; incorrect political and economic decisions and immethodical planning that provoke this study. This research is based on the evaluation of Lorestan Province's urban hierarchy. The data of this descriptive-analytical research is collected via library-documentary. Prevalent urban and region planning models such as class conflict limit; the nearest neighborhood analysis and the entropy index have been used to analyze the data. Research result indicates that Lorestan Province's urban hierarchy tends to become moderate (2.15) by considering the nearest neighborhood parameter. The entropy index tended to 1 based on normal status in most analyzed periods. Therefore, the space distribution in Lorestan Province's urban areas has been moderated through this study based on results of two models which is mentioned earlier. Regarding class conflict solution model, population distribution in Lorestan Province's urban areas has been fragmented and immoderate from 1956 to 2011.As a matter of fact, Khoramabad City, as a political, business and economic center; and Borujerd City, being a historical background, natural position, and industries growth in this city, have attracted the most population in comparison with the other cities. At last, this study suggests a couple of guidelines to improve hierarchical system.

The rapid population increase has led to the formation of urban primacy in many developing countries. Iran as developing world has experienced an unbalanced growth which is resulted from the increasing level of rural-urban migration especially from 1966. This study tries to investigate the urban network of Kermanshah province from 1976 to 2006. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive and analytical models by using different techniques such rank-size and class difference limit. The results revealed that the city of Kermanshah as the primate city is almost 9.5 times larger than the second city Islamabad-Gharb. Such proportion however decreased to 8.8 in 2006 but still the province has a disordered urban network. The cities of Ghasr-shirin and Sarpolzahaab which placed in third and fourth rank lost their inhabitants in 1996 due to the war. In general the hierarchical level of the province urban places is quite unbalanced and Kermanshah city dominated the whole city system of the province. The research concluded that many of small and intermediate cities should strengthen to balance the urban network of Kermanshah province.