جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حکومت رانتیر » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Oil is the most political and most important good in today’s world economy undoubtedly. Rant phenomenon and rentier governments have been a subject of great interest as a reason for rentier governments between researchers. Rant can be described as an income which is earned out of economic activities including benefit of investments and wages effortlessly and a rentier government is a government that earns more than 42 percent of its income from foreign rants. On the other hand most of Persian Gulf countries have experienced a single product (oil) economy duo to their geographical positions that leads to formation of rentier governments in this area. In the present study effect of geographical factors on formation of rentier governments and influence of these governments on area political geography (area country geo-economics positions, countries competition, area convergence) were studied and finally it is concluded that although oil trade and oil sell income have led to improvement of agriculture in Persian Gulf area, geopolitical powers competitions, military activity expansion and area countries divergence have been results of this single product economy.
Rent income or reward and habits means that the product is not productive labor, Term and rent ceiling first by an Iranian economist Hossein Mahdavi was in the 1970s. This term, however, before the 1970s, writers like Adam Smith, David Ricardo and he was saying, But the rentier state theory and functioning of the Mahdavi in political economy first and then by economists such as Hazem Bblary and Giacomo were used Lvsyany Mahdavi and ideas in the form of a reference in the field of political economy theory emerged. One of the founders and exponents of the theory of rentier state in the Middle East, beginning in August consistory that political economy and conflict in the government and people of Iran spoke of the rentier state function And the theory applied in the case of Iran, the Pahlavi era
Generally based on the revenues from oil rentier state theory on the one hand and the government's inability fair distribution of income and obedience to democratic rule on the other hand, there are fine tools. The theory analysis and stability conditions and the ravages of oil-rich countries (especially the Persian Gulf countries) to work on the structure of government rents and shaping foreign relations of the state with focus on the classes or class structure of society . Lam and Vanchykvn from Yale University in empirical research have shown how underground resources can be established dictatorial regimes.
In addition, William Asher and Douglas Yates also enjoying the rentier state theory argue that government officials by sales revenue rich underground resources could be some unofficial and illegitimate purposes to easily track And social and economic policy without taking into account the interests of the community in the fall. Rentier state theory also has been hypothesized Proponents of this theory works like Kieron Chaudhry, Philip Dawkins and Hazem Beblawi has been proposed.According to this theory as a rentier state in return for implicit and tacit agreement with the non-taxation of society to achieve They also regardless of representative government, or in other words, economic priorities and political priorities replacement. Beblawi as one of the rentier state theorists in this regard, believes that government control rentier policy communities will disappear and not just as a subject for serious discussion but not discussed in informal and hidden Based on what was said Persian Gulf states, despite the differences in their government by geographical factors (natural, human and political) area as a bed and basic infrastructure has been formed. Geographic factors such as geographical location, climate, soil and agricultural conditions, characteristics geopolitical and geo-economic Zhyvanrzhy dictatorships in shape and then went on rentier state's role.
Geographic governance structure of this type of government has led to political systems in the region, particularly in Arabic countries under the command of the king with a focus on tribal, tribal, religious and government leaders, due to the specific geographical conditions and oil revenues from the orientation as the logic of politics and statecraft for their own survival and the survival of their government; This system of government is also the major interests of society or country is not considered in most cases and other layers of society participation in the political structure of this Is impossible or very limited. Meanwhile governance structure and continued access to oil revenues makes rentier political disorder, despite poor governance, inadequate distribution of power, there are internal disputes, lack of coordination in the political system, political instability and insecurity of other state characteristics in the region.
Moreover, the strong economic ties between the countries in the region with an oil-based economy always leads to a threat to regional security with greater ease, and countries that are each considered as a serious economic rival to the Feel the need for more trans-regional threats against each other to be consistent.