جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دولت رانتیر » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The subject of this research is corruption, which has been studied in 176 countries in 1996 to 2019. The problem of the this writing is that the scores of the control of corruption index in oil dependent countries are lower than non-oil dependent ones, and the variance of the control of corruption index among oil dependent countries is also significant. To explain these issues, two questions have been proposed: how the difference in corruption between oil dependent and non-oil dependent countries could be explained? How can the diversity of corruption be explained within the oil dependent countries?

Methodology & Conceptual framework :

To answer this question, by adopting a unified approach, and using the theories of rentier state, neo-patrimonialism and neo-institutionalism, the research conceptual model was formulated. In response to the research questions and according to the requirements of the conceptual model, the research hypotheses were proposed in the form of four testable statements in the form of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy method was used to test research hypotheses in the field of data collection and assessment research hypotheses. Finally, the collected quantitative data was graded and the fuzzy membership was measured for every parameters. After measuring the fuzzy membership, the fuzzy relationship of these theoretical constructs was evaluated and tested in the form of individual and compound causal conditions. To theoretically explain the differences in corruption, the causal conditions of the rentier nature of the state, the quality of political institutions, the quality of economic institutions, the level of political freedom and the level of economic freedom have been used.

The results of descriptive analysis show that rent dependency in the Caucasus and Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and South America is more significant in determining the variances of corruption and other parameters of the conceptual model. Also, the explanatory analysis of the results shows that rent incomes are more sufficient for systemic corruption and the low quality of political institutions is the most significant in determining the level of corruption among the 176 countries under investigation; the inefficiency of political institutions leads to systemic corruption in 90% of cases. Coverage index of Standard analysis shows the high importance of political institutions ineffectiveness for systemic corruption. So that 43% of corruption variances can be explained only through the inefficiency of political institutions. Another finding is the quality of economic institutions and economic freedoms do not control corruption alone. These factors together or by combining with one of the efficient political institutions or political freedoms are able to control corruption.

Relatively good geo-economic conditions, abundant oil and gas resources and abundant actual and potential comparative advantages of Khuzestan province, require this province to become one of the most developed regions of the country, but this has not been achieved so far. The present research tries to investigate the issue. Although various components and factors can be involved and influential in the underdevelopment of this region, but the article hypothesis, wrong policies and decisions of the elites and the continuation of government rentier construction as important causes of underdevelopment in the province and emphasize it. he does. The purpose of this study is to analyze, explain and analyze the consequences of economic development policy of the ninth and tenth governments in Khuzestan province. The government's economic policies have been implemented for reasons such as not paying attention to the requirements of practical and economic rationality and paying too much attention to the requirements of political rationality, different from what was promised and expected. Findings show that due to the policy of the government, more than fifty percent of important industrial and production centers and units in Khuzestan province face serious and fundamental challenges such as; Stagnation, closure or forced cessation of the production process. These challenges led to a decline in development indicators and, consequently, to social anomalies and a waste of intergenerational capital and rights. The research method is a combination of descriptive-analytical type using the analysis of data collected by the library method and a survey of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews.

Experts in political economy have called the 21st century as the century of Geo-economics on the basis of current trends in international political economies as they believe that one of the most important world's challenges in this century is the competition for energy resources especially Oil and Gas. The great portion of Gulf States' income comes from exporting Raw Oil and their single-product economy depends strongly on oil revenue. In these countries including Iran, the economy depends on Oil and the oil revenue enters the economy directly through budget by the government which means that oil price decrease affects vigorously their economy. In this research, the effects of rent and rentier government were explored considering Oil as the principal cause of rentier governments by using analytical method, statistics, charts and Delphi method. Consequently, government's opinions and rentier economy was used to explain and justify lack of political and economic development in countries that are dependent on oil revenue. It is argued that depending on oil revenue has a negative effect on government, the relations between society and government and finally on country's economy. It increases rent and consumerism in society and turns the government into a rent distributor. According to Kemp, Iran not only has the second position of fossil energy resources, but also locates in world's strategic Hartland center, but it could not succeed in internal and external fund raising and achieving up-to-date scientific technologies used for energy extraction (Oil and Gas) because of its rentier economy caused by sanctions and their internal and external effects and oil industry characteristics which needs huge investments. In this research, different aspects and consequences of rentier government was indicated and some solutions to depart from it was shown.

Entering upon the 21st century, oil as a vital source and strategic energy is still playing important role in the life of oil-rich countries. Acquisition of this valuable energy led to a profound change and transition in the socio-political structure of these nations. It was these transformations that led theorists such as Mahdavi, Beblavi and Lavisyani to present their views about rentier states. Based on these theories, the countries where income from underground resources (preferably oil) forms 42% of their total revenues are called rentier states. Iran, too, is one of the principal petroleum producing and exporting countries that according to available figures and data has accounted over 42% of its entire income from oil until the last few years. Some of the Iranian researchers believe along Russia displayed a position of advocacy for Iran and her rights to Nuclear energy as well as opposing military action against her. This situation resulted in adaption of a vague and unclear position vis-a-vis Washington’s decisive and clearly policies of confrontation against Iran’s nuclear energy program. The result of this vague and unclear standpoint in Russia’s position has been prolongation of the crisis itself. This research will is designed to answer the question that whether Russia’s adaption of vague policy stance and use of delay tactic has been a factor that prolonged the Iranian nuclear energy crisis? The results from this research prove this. The method used for this research is use of library and document centres; benefiting from opinion polls and statistics as well as expertise broadcast in the media and information network.The research hypothesis: this research has followed the hypothesis that based on the information processed herein Russia’s delay tactic and prolongation of Iranian nuclear energy crisis is in keeping with that power’s overall geopolitical competition both with the West globally and with Iran at a regional level.