جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شاخص tci » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The present study aims to evaluate and analyze climatic conditions in tourism processes, emphasizing factual data and the thermal comfort of tourists. For this purpose, Chabahar port was selected due to its profound importance in international communication, economy, tourism, and exceptional climatic conditions, making it particularly interesting to domestic and international tourists. This study seeks to provide a suitable tourism period calendar to improve the quality and development of tourism considering the climatic conditions of the southeastern coasts of the country. To this end, the Comfort or Tourism Climate Indicators of Tourism Climate Index and Physiological Equivalent Temperature were examined to provide a deeper understanding of the conditions by combining the results of the indicators (from 1990 to 2018). The results showed that in most months of the year in Chabahar port, the climatic and thermal conditions are outside the comfort zone, and heat stress creates restrictions for tourism activities. According to the output of investigating both indicators, the best time for tourism activities is mid-autumn and late winter, and in the three months of December, November, and March.

In this study, tourism climate was examined in Isfahan province based on TCI and limits of the province was zoning based on the index. Using TCI, climatic variables, the mean maximum daily temperature, the mean daily temperature, minimum daily relative humidity, mean daily relative humidity, total precipitation, total sunshine hours and mean wind speed are investigated. To achieve this goal, the synoptic stations data have been analyzed in the area of information and in order to enhance the accuracy of interpolation of the surrounding stations. Therefore, TCI is calculated for each of the stations studied monthly and the following results have been compiled in GIS and were zoning Isfahan province based on TCI and finally, the weather favorable for tourism activities is estimated during the days of the year in vast province. To achieve this goal, the synoptic stations data have been analyzed in the area of information and in order to enhance the accuracy of interpolation of the surrounding stations. Therefore, TCI is calculated for each of the stations studied monthly and the following results have been compiled in GIS and were zoning Isfahan province based on TCI and finally, the weather favorable for tourism activities is estimated during the days of the year in vast province.

Drought Hazard is one of the natural features of the planet that can occur in all climatic zones. This study aimed to analyze the time series of agricultural drought in Darab city over 20 years (2000 – 2020) using remote sensing and satellite images in the Google Earth engine system. Satellite imagery includes 460 images of land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation (NDVI) MODIS satellites are Terra which are used to calculate the temperature condition index (TCI) and vegetation condition index (VCI) was used. Also, using the recorded rainfall data of the Darab synoptic station, the SPI index was calculated by MATLAB software in different time intervals. The results show that according to the Extreme dryness class and based on the TCI index of the 2000 year with an area of 225.46 square kilometers and also according to the VCI index of the 2013 year with an area of 280.80 square kilometers, They had the most land area in Darab city. As a result, comparing the numerical value of SPI index for each of the years of the period under study with the amount of non-drought areas obtained from TCI and VCI indices obtained from satellite images, The highest correlation coefficient of 0.76 was observed between the 12-month SPI and the VCI index, which indicates the VCI satellite index as the optimal index indicating the drought situation in Darab city. Another outstanding result of the present study is that the use of remote sensing data and Google Earth Engine system to monitor and investigate drought in areas that do not have observational data from land surveys is very useful.

Drought is an important phenomenon which can be monitored based on weather data obtained from weather stations and remote sensing data. Remote sensing methods have offered significant relative advantages compared to the other methods for monitoring drought . Also , several drought indicators have provided in remote sensing for monitoring drought , but none of the common indicators in remote sensing did not have generalizability of time , climate and altitude and it is necessary the performance quality of these indexes 1) in climates, 2) in altitudinal zoning examined .This study also proved this hypothesis , to identify appropriate indicators in every altitudinal zone , and in every region the index considered the appropriate season to evaluate indexes . In this study , drought indices ,VCI ,VDI ,TCI and TVDI by LST parameter , NDVI and EVI have been evaluated. To evaluate climate and altitudinal indicators , first in the whole country and then in Hamadan province , climate and altitudinal zoning done and drought indexes for different climates and altitude was determined in two forms pixel-based and object-based (polygons) and compared to precipitation data TRMM sensors . The operation of drought indexes were analyzed to drought evaluation by taking account climate type , data acquisition season , altitude and area . The results of this research shows lack of generalizability of all indictors in terms of climate , altitude and time indicators and for example , in pixel evaluating of hot and dry climate , the highest correlation between VCI index and precipitation data was in June and the lowest correlation is in December.

The Impact of Climate Factors on Tourism Planning The importance of ICI is of great importance. In this project, the data of 10 stations of Meteorological and Sinopetic Province of Golestan in a 10- year statistical period (2003-2012) were collected by using the Turism climate index for assessing climate conditions. Data The defect was reconstructed through linear regression. In this system model, seven parameters, average monthly rainfall, mean temperature, mean relative humidity, maximum mean, relative humidity, daily average of sunshine hours and wind speed were evaluated. The purpose of this study was to study the climate conditions of the province of Gilan based on the TCI model and using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique, a TCI map was prepared for all months of the year. Is. The results of this study showed that favorable conditions in this province are in terms of climate in May and is the most unfavorable month in terms of the tourism climate of the month of November, which has the lowest TCI. Geographically, the climate is ideal in the northern part of the province (including Talesh, Astara, Anzali, Kyashahr, Lahijan and Rudsar).

Proper climate and adequate knowledge tourism and can be as an attractive or unpleasant factor for tourists. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the tourism climate of Yazd province as one of the most important provinces in the arid regions of the country. For determining the tourism presence comfort in the Yazd province, Tourism Climate Index (TCI) was used. In order to investigate tourism climate index data from 17 meteorological stations was used. Then by calculation sub-indexes and TCI, zoning of TCI and sub-indexes for Yazd province was done with ArcGIS environment. The results showed that October, May, November and April are the best months for tourism activities in Yazd province, and January, July, February and December have the lowest average of TCI index respectively. The most changes in TCI occurs in July and the lowest changes is in October. According to Scott & McBoyle classification, the TCI annual classification shows that Yazd province is placed in two classes: Bi-modal shoulder peak and Dry season peak. Generally, the mountainous area with an altitude of more than 2,700 to 3,000 meters and their surrounding areas when rainfall and lower temperatures is not a limiting factor have the best tourism conditions in the dry season. Other areas with less height of 2700 to 3000 meters have the best climatic conditions for tourism in the spring and autumn.

Climate conditions as one of the major geographic factors have a close relationship with tourism and the development of destinations for tourists, so that many of the world's major tourist destinations are lucky enough to have favorable climate conditions. In this paper, the parameters of monthly average rainfall, mean dry temperature, mean relative humidity, average temperature, average relative humidity, average sun hours and wind speed of 6 synoptic stations of Fars province during the period of 1378-1389 were used. Then, by using the TCI Climate Index, the comfort conditions of Fars Province were explained on a monthly scale, so that it can determine the effect of comfort on the tourism attraction of Fars province. In the following, using GIS Arc software, Arctic zoning of tourism climate of Fars province was carried out for all months of the year. The results of this study showed that the best months for comfortable living conditions for tourists in Ordibehesht and Mehr are three excellent, Great and very good grades and Farvardin and Aban with two excellent and very good classes that provide the best conditions for comfort. In contrast to the Azar months, the five classes are excellent, very good, good, acceptable and well-rounded, and the four months are very good, good, acceptable and critical and have the worst conditions of comfort and security. Seasonal distribution of seasonal tourism shows that Fars province has a peak spring distribution, and almost the coldest months of the year, the best distribution of tourism is throughout the year.

The climate of each region plays a very important role in mapping the future directions of tourism development, and climate assessment in the estimation of natural tourism capabilities is a priority. The HCI index evaluates climatic conditions for tourism activity using the parameters of mean maximum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, cloud cover and wind speed. In this study, using the HCI index and comparing its results with the TCI index, the tourism climate in Sistan and Baluchestan province has been evaluated. In fact, the aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of the HCI index in assessing the tourism climate of the region.In this research, the index was calculated for seven synoptic stations in the province with a common 24-year statistic (1991-2015). After entering the results into the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment, the classification of the tourism climate of the province in the months of October, November, December, January, February, and Mars was carried out and the variations in the ten-day index value were shown in the form of charts and maps.Based on the results of the HCI index in winter months, this province has excellent weather conditions. According to the above findings, the HCI index has the ability to provide the status of the winter tourism climate of the province, considering the motivation of different tourists to travel.. Also, the results showed that the HCI index was more consistent with the climate of the province than other indicators of the tourism climate, such as the TCI index. In order to adapt and improve the HCI index in the geographical conditions of Iran, this index was modified. These changes in the index, which both capture the climate parameters used in the index as well as the formula, resulted in a new formula called "Modified Holiday Climate Index" (MHCI). The results can be used for proper planning of tourism planning in other regions of Iran, and it will lead to tourism development in the province and the country.

Today tourism industry comprises a large part of global economy and it is changing into the biggest and the most profitable industry through the world. Many countries have included it in their strategies and planning. Ardabil province is one of beautiful tourist destinations in northwest of Iran which attracts many tourists during all seasons. This province possesses noteworthy capabilities and potentials to create and develop tourism. Climatic condition is vital information for tourists. It is crucial to pay attention to climate features of an area and the impact that these features have on tourism formation. Climate and tourism are highly dependent on one another in such a way that having favorable climatic conditions is considered as one of the advantages and potential for tourism and many travelers take the climate conditions in selecting the time and location of their journey into consideration. Understanding the climate-threatening constraints and risks and knowledge of the attractions and latent potential of the climate features for any planning at various national, provincial and urban level including tourism are of great importance. Tourism Comfort Index (TCI) is an index that specifies climate effect on tourism systematically. The index utilizes climate elements such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation and wind. In order to use the index, registered statistics in weather station is required.
The present research is descriptive-analytical and aims to determine the most appropriate time for the presence of tourists in the region and the development of tourism plans. In this research, the tourism climate index (TCI) has been used to assess the climate of tourism and climatic attractions of Ardabil province from the tourism point of view. To this end, the statistics of required climatic parameters were extracted from the climatic data of 4 synoptic stations of the province during a period of 15 years (1996-2010). After calculating the TCI index for each month of the year, The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was used to zone the comfort conditions of tourism climate of the province and to convert point data of the stations to surface data, and finally, the TCI map was obtained for the entire province.
The tourism climatic condition of Ardabil province was evaluated on a monthly basis using the tourism climate index (TCI), and the results of the surveys were presented in the form of a zoned map for each month separately. The findings of the research indicated that the months of April, May, June, July, August, September, October and November with good, very good, excellent and ideal ratings have the best conditions for the presence of tourists in the region and the of December, January, February and March as the cold months of the year, have unfavorable climatic comfort conditions in the region and the province, does not have an appropriate condition for the presence of tourists.
Ardabil province is distinguished from other regions due to the diversity of its climate and its unique natural, historical and cultural attractions, and may be considered as the country’s tourism hub. Due to the numerous capabilities of the province in attracting tourists, it is necessary to recognize and evaluate the climate of comfort through acceptable scientific methods in order to systematically determine the impact of climatic factors on tourist's activities. The results indicate that the comfort climate of the province is very diverse in different seasons of the year, so that in the warm seasons, the southern regions of the province have a favorable situation and in the cold seasons of the year this trend changes and the northern areas of the province have favorable situation.

In today's world tourism has turned into a high income industry which is called tourism industry. In the present days most of the countries have high income tourism. Thus concerning the importance of the place of the study, in this research the tourism index of TCI was used to identify the suitable months of the years in terms of tourism in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. For this purpose, monthly data from weather stations of Sistan and Baluchistan Province for a period of 20 years from 1990 to 2010 were used. The results showed that the province did not have satisfactory conditions during the summer in terms of tourism. However in the cold seasons of winter and fall, or during January, February, March, October, November and December lots of tourists were in good conditions. Some cases, like Chabahar, due to special conditions like proximity to the sea in summer were excellent tourism centers (TCI score between 70 and 100) and had favorable conditions for tourism.

In this study, to investigate the tourism climatology in Tabriz used two methods to identify weather types and TCI Index. Data base have been created with using daily data for 22 climatic variables including: dry and wet temperature, relative humidity, daily mean maximum and minimum temperature, daily rain, speed and direction wind in during 1981-2011 in Tabriz(For 30 years). Considering the goal of the research, which was weather typing recognition, matrix was prepared whit "P" decoration. "P" is decoration of data base matrix in which the rows are time and columns are the indicators of climatic variable. A cluster analysis which "Ward linkage" and "Euclidean distance" carried on standardized data and six synoptic types were identified: frost, fog and calm moderate windy rainfall-cold warm and dry and hyper hot and dry types. The results in research showed that the transition from one season to the other weather types will rise and mortality. On the other hand, during the last decades, significant changes in the weather types have been observed annually. The results show that the Tabriz tourism climate index, the best time for tourists to thermal relaxation time of maximum activity is the late spring and throughout the summer and the worst time is in the January and February.

It is clear that, in many countries climate are a valuable asset for tourism. Weather, one of the most important factors shaping the tourism and tourism centers, existence and its values, due to weather conditions are appropriate. the present study, with the aim of evaluating the climatic status and Climate for tourism zoning of West Azerbaijan Province using Tourism comfort climate index (TCI), is conducted to attract tourist and develop tourism suitable for tourism seasons of the province by proper planning. In the current study, data from province synoptic stations for a period of ten years has been used. In West Azerbaijan province, one of the main tourist centers with various natural, historical, cultural attractions and prevailing different climatic conditions in different parts of the province in different seasons, weather can be considered as an adsorbent factor for tourists. Therefore, that qualitative evaluation of these potentials and accurate information about them can lead to better use of these abilities. In the present research, Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) was used to determine tourists comfort climate in West Azerbaijan province. In the present research, Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) was used to determine tourists comfort climate in West Azerbaijan province. The results of the research indicate that, in the cold months (December, January, February), unfavorable conditions for tourism in the province are due to cold weather and precipitation. However, in the spring and summer, there are suitable conditions for tourist attraction due to temperature increase and favorable climatic conditions.

Ilam province, located in the west of Iran, owning natural, cultural attractions and capabilities on attracting tourists, but existing capabilities and potentials have not been used properly. In order to facilitate tourism, suitable times and places shall be determined for tourists` presence in the region. One of crucial needs of tourists is considering regional status and suitable times of tourism. In this research, TCI regional tourism index as well as data from 5 synoptic stations of the province was used to evaluate tourism regional and regional tourism conditions of Ilam province. Thus, necessary statistics of seven regional parameters were exploited from 5 synoptic stations in a 14-year old period monthly. (1997-2010). A database was formed after statistics exploitation then, they were processed using TCI index. Then, suitable times and places for tourists appearance determined through moderating by GIS software, generating point data to surface ones and mixing the maps. The results of the research indicate that the province`s tourism index owns many varieties, i.e. north areas of the province bears suitable conditions in warm season of year while the condition changes in cold seasons but southern areas of the province have suitable status while north areas bear unsuitable conditions.

Currently, the tourism industry is an important source of income, employment opportunity, and infrastructure improvement in order to achieve a sustainable development. The climate in an area and its effects on forming tourism are highly crucial. Familiarity with climatic limitations and threats and latent potentials in the climate features is effective for designing various national, province and civil plans including tourism. Since knowing climate features can provide an important field for tourism planning, the researchers of the present study used climate tourism TCI and climate data of four synoptic stations of Zanjan province to evaluate climate tourism conditions and climatic attractions of Zanjan province. Thus, the researchers first extracted seven monthly climate parameters from province synoptic stations of the province in a 14- year period. After gathering the required data, data bases were established and their processes were accomplished via TCI index. Then using GIS software in interpolation, and generalizing point data into extended ones and mixing the maps, appropriate time for tourist attraction was determined. The results of the research indicated that February, May, June, January, August, September and October were accounted as an excellent and ideal condition for tourists’ attraction to the province. Regarding temperature reduction and high pressure of atmosphere in November, December, January, March and April, these months were not considered suitable time for tourists` attraction to the area.

Today، the study of climate impact on life and the environment has a special place. Climate also has a high impact on the tourism industry. Since Elam has located in west of the country and has special position of the boundary، the tourism industry is likely to expand in this area which this situation would reflect the role of climatic comfort conditions for tourists and travelers. In this study، the auspicious condition in the presence of tourists in terms of time and space are examined by using Tourism Climate Index (TCI) and also utilizes a geographic information system (GIS) interpolation and extrapolation of the data point to an area. The data used in this study is to calculate the index، the average maximum temperature، average temperature، minimum relative humidity، mean relative humidity، precipitation، sunshine hours and wind speed which has taken from Meteorological Organization stations of the state. The results indicate that August has the lowest utility and October has the highest utility for tourism. Meanwhile، according to the circumstances of time and place، the state has this feature that in both hot and cold season، a part of it has favorable climate in any given time; so that in the northern warm season

Climate has a great role on tourism in a region. In fact, climate and itsdiversity are considered as a tourism resource and most tourists consider that in location and duration of their stay. Climate has always been deliberated as a natural source; a resource which is renewable. Hence, climate is different from other resources and could affect vastly tourist attractions and regional and local economy.Climate change and its effects on tourism in the future are among the issues which are less discussed. Studying climate change effects on tourism industry in Fars Province is of significance since tourist set their destinations based on climate and also investment’s future is dependent on it. Using the tci-index and Mann-Kendall test in this research, Fars Province climate change and its effects on tourism comfort to the year 2050 is studied. The research is of correlation type. The data was collected throughthe library and survey methods. Results suggest that the annual average has a positive significant process in February, June and December and in other months has a constant process. Also, the best month for tourism is October and the worst is January.

Tourism makes up a large part of the global economy and often as a key to economic growth in both developing and developed countries is used. One of the factors that should be considered in tourism is climate. Because in many countries of weather and climate are considered a capital value for tourism. But until now the source of tourism، tourism has a major role in the educational literature. Since much of modern tourism based on the use of natural features - is based on physical، development of tourist sites was not dependent on one source; it involves a wide range of resources، especially natural resources. The climate is considered as a source of basic or supplemental. So that from that day climate comfort that tourists visit places to go It is very important for planners and planners to climatic data before، after and during the visit to places of need. The study characteristics and climatic differences and variations in time and space that govern their relationship with human activities، Ways in order to analyze the environmental conditions within the planning of tourism offers. Tourism is important to determine the index for more comfort. Comfort tourism climate index (TCI) is a combination of methods that were presented in 1985 by Mieczkowski. The TCI is a combination of factors affecting the comfort of tourists. The index، climatic comfort of the tourists the best travel time is determined. Also، the calculation for different regions or even the wider world in the remarkable contribution to the tourist destination of choice. East Azerbaijan province with many features and attractions for the tourism industry and attract tourism، But such is not worthy of the blessings that will benefit the industry، Using the climatic comfort of tourists can be accurately planned and managed to attract tourists to this lucrative industry.

In this study، the studies of climatic conditions in East Azerbaijan province، to develop tourism in this province have dealt with the use of TCI. Due to the nature component of the approach to study the situation «a descriptive-analytic”. The purpose of this research، applied research and in literature، documents and library data collection method is used. In addition to analyzing data from Excel and GIS software is used. In this case، the first climate data from meteorological synoptic station is not needed in East Azerbaijan province، for a period of 20 years (2010-1990) were collected And then using TCI in different stages of 1)-calculation of daily comfort index (CID)، variables that are used in this index، The maximum daily temperature and average minimum daily relative humidity is. 2) Boarding comfort index (CIA)، variables that are used in this index includes the average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity. 3) Roth calculating rainfall (R)، 4) - calculation Rtbh number of sunshine hours (S)، 5)-Rtbh calculation of air flow (the mean wind speed) (W))، the province''s tourism climate comfort for each of the stations in different seasons were calculated. The TCI index stations for each month of the year، the results were entered into GIS software environment. According to the results obtained point to be، Comfort conditions for climate zones across the province-level data point to be generalized. In order to generalize the results point to the entire surface of the image distance weighting interpolation method (IDW) have used and to the point of information stations will be converted to surface and TCI and maps for the entire province is obtained.

In East Azerbaijan province، as one of the main tourist poles of various natural attractions، historical، cultural and prevailing climatic conditions in different regions of the province، in different seasons، the weather can be a factor be made to attract tourists. So that the quantitative evaluation Ptansl and detailed information about them can be made better use of these capabilities. Tourism in the comfort of the climate in different regions of East Azerbaijan province، the calculation of climatic parameters in each of the TCI and Rtbh each of the stations of various climate parameters، The ratings obtained for each of the parameters for each of the stations Metals replaced in the index formula and for each station in different seasons of the numerical value obtained among the rank and 0-100 are located. Indicate that climatic conditions so intolerable situation is ideal. The results of the index، the number of zones in the province climatourism GIS environment was used And the proportion and number of classes in different seasons for each station have the comfort of the climate is classified as tourists.

In recent years the influence of climatic factors on tourists'' satisfaction، increased sensitivity and its importance in selecting a suitable place for tourists are staying. In this study، climate comfort for the tourists in the month of separation of East Azerbaijan province (TCI) used to have. The results were used to determine the climatic comfort of TCI in East Azerbaijan province، indicating that this index is a large variation in different regions of the province. So that the annual index of TCI in the months of May، June، July، August and September (May، June، July، August and September) with the best conditions of climatic comfort of the tourists are and January، February، November and March (December، January، February and March) due to the dominance of the high-pressure system، with the worst of these conditions are considered. Examine and compare the results of the TCI index for different regions of the province، and showed consistent results fit with the realities of the region''s climate.

The weather of every region is an important factor to determine the rate of activity and the kind of human activity, as well. In this article, in order to evaluate the human peaceful climate using bioclimatic index (TCI), the data of 23 synoptic stations of Khozestan province in an 18-year statistical period (1991-2008) have been gathered and the incomplete data have also been reconstructed through Kerjing average finding method. In this model, a system of seven parameters: monthly average of precipitations, temperature average, relative moisture average, maximum temperature, minimum relative moisture, average of daily sunny days and wind speed were evaluated. The aim of this descriptive – analytical research is to review the conditions of human peaceful climate of Khoozestan Province and to determine the time calendar of human peaceful conditions based on the TCI Model. In the course of analyzing and processing data in the Excel Domain, a data bank was made and then the TCI Index was calculated for all the stations of the province separated according to the months of the year and with the help of the GIS technique, the TCI map was also prepared and plotted for all the months of the year. The results of this research showed that the favorable conditions in this province from climatic peacefulness point of view are provided in the months of March and December; with this difference that in March, the extent of ideal climatic conditions in the southern parts are greater.