جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر خوی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Today, the automobile is the most important means of transportation, which has a lot of movement and energy. Concerning this process, in recent decades, concepts such as sustainable development and sustainable urban development have been proposed as solutions to the patterns of physical, social, and economic development. Therefore, problems such as the destruction of natural resources, destruction of biological systems, excessive population growth, injustice and reducing the quality of human life in the present and future can be prevented. Accordingly, governments are always trying to overcome environmental problems with various policies and programs or reduce the negative effects of human functions on the environment (pollution and environmental degradation). Khoy city, due to the special place in the region and a wide sphere of influence in terms of population and administrative and economic flows, has the most traffic in the region, especially in the city, which requires the existence of intelligent urban systems. Although we are currently witnessing public transportation and taxi systems in some parts of the city, there are still many challenges and issues until the needs of the citizens are met, which the most important of them are the lack of coverage of most parts of the city, unnecessary traffic of some citizens, lack of bicycle lanes, heavy traffic in the central and historical contexts, lack of close monitoring of the public transportation system, disorder in the transportation system, incompatibility of urban land use planning system with urban transportation system, the lack of promotion of the central sidewalk network and the weakness of security in these spaces, disorder in the urban design system including pedestrian lines, sidewalks, and the network of roads, etc. Based on this, the present study tries to identify the indicators and components in order to evaluate the performance of Khoy city transportation system by emphasizing the approach of smart urban growth and improving the quality of life of citizens. In other words, the purpose of this study is to answer the following question: - What are the most important indicators for assessing the public transportation situation based on the smart growth approach in Khoy city؟

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of applying the results. The statistical population of this study is the residents of Khoy city. Cochran's formula has been used to select a suitable sample for evaluation; in this context, the population of Khoy city, according to the last census in 2016, was 8845 people, so the selected sample is estimated at 383 people. The scale of measurement based on the Likert scale was from very low to very high and the way of scoring the questionnaire was from 1 to 5. Data analysis by structural equations has been exerted to analyze the research model. Through these techniques, the researcher can confirm or reject a hypothetical structure. In this regard, SPSS and Smart-PLS software programs have been exploited. The indicators were selected based on documentary-library and field studies, containing 24 indicators in 8 components.

The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship at the level of 0.01% between the components of public transportation and smart growth. So that the most impacts related to the components of preservation of historical, safety and social monuments were 0.92 and 0.84 percent, respectively. Also at the factor loadings level, the lack of damage to open space and air pollution, encouraging growth from within and reducing sprawl growth, and creating job opportunities have had the greatest impact. Associated with intelligence, policy and safety were 19 and 68, respectively, and in contrast, the highest level of protection of historical and economic monuments was 145 and 105. Moreover, the highest significance was related to job creation, price reform, and interconnected transportation networks with values ​​of 291, 262, and 207, respectively. In contrast, the participation of the private sector, the diversity of routes between the two points, and the alignment of land-use policies with transportation had the lowest levels of significance with values of 11.8, 16.2, and 17.9, respectively.

Given the nature of development based on public transportation and its positive principles, proponents of this development believe that what should be considered in the design of urban systems is the development of comprehensive urban plans to maximize compliance between urban planning and land-use policies. Other urban transportation systems are optimal according to the characteristics of the urban network. Findings show that this inappropriate combination and uneven distribution of land-uses in development is such that it has not led to the internalization of travel in the field of development. In this way, people are required to use the automobile to do their daily chores, which leads to the demand for travel and, consequently, the need for parking and facing traffic. If there is a mixed-use in the field of development, travel by public transport or on foot to the desired destinations within the field of development, is practiced. Also, in many cases, the current situation is an obstacle in this direction, so that the traditional zoning emphasizes the development of single-use to protect the neighborhood from incompatible uses or limit residential density. For this purpose, it is necessary to re-zoning in comprehensive and detailed plans to consider the benefits of mixed-uses with public transportation, which will lead to greater compliance of the development area with the transit-oriented development approach.

Nowadays, tourism, as one of the key components, has a special role in developing societies and countries. Here, urban tourism - as a significant parts of the tourism industry - has a special place in improving the economic and cultural development of cities and has turned into one of the most important, exchange yielding, and income creating industries. Nevertheless, the development of this industry in cities faces some challenges and problems. This calls for a new and integrated planning to take advantage of opportunities and face the challenges ahead. Future studies can take very effective steps in planning for the development of urban tourism and mapping out the desired future of tourism, and by presenting proper solutions, it can stop the emergence of challenges and the realization of an undesirable future. This study was working towards in line with this purpose. In the present study, using Delphi technique, 36 factors were identified as the primary factors affecting the future of the development of urban tourism in Khoy. The structural analysis method was used with the help of MicMac software to extract key factors, where 12 factors were selected as key factors. Then, the probable situations were defined for each key factor. In the next step, to measure the effectiveness of the occurrence of the status of each of the factors on the occurrence or non-occurrence of other factors, a 33 × 33 matrix was designed and given to the experts. Finally, to compile probabilistic scenarios and to identify desirable scenarios, the data for this matrix were introduced into the scenario software. ScenarioWizard software reported 1406 poor scenarios, 4 strong scenarios and 13 credible scenarios by performing the needed analyses. Examining the credible scenarios showed a relative ruling of static, critical and undesirable situations over the desirable and ideal situations. Apart from the first scenario with desirable and progressive features, the rest of the scenarios do not show a desirable future in minds for the development of tourism in Khoy.

With the new developments in Iran, big cities quickly took over the growth and development factors and created a form of unbalanced system in the country's urban network. Meanwhile, strengthening middle-class cities at various levels of physical, economic and social was proposed as one of the most effective strategies to balance the distribution of population and economic activities in the regions. In this regard, the aim of this study is to identify the influential forces and ultimately the key factors affecting the growth and development of the central city of Khoy. In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the future condition of the system the result of which showed 30 initial effective factors on the future condition of the system were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the future procedure of the system, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software Micmac. The results of the study show that the studied system is and unstable one and in the table of variables spread; five classes of factors (effective, Twosided, independent, influential and regulatory) can be identified. Finally, out of the 30 factors, 11 are the key factors for the main actors and affect the future status of the system. These factors actually play role as main players in the development of Khoy city. Given these factors in urban planning and policy making, one can witness a positive and tangible trend in the development of Khoy city at the provincial level. Nowadays, the world is at the bridge of significant developments and changes for which no match can be found in the history of mankind. It is a thorough revolution which has dominated all the fields and aspects of human life and will make a great gap between past and the future. There is no doubt that the world in the future will be the ground for developments and inconstancies and only those will be able to cope with different events who deal with changes in an active and preemptive way and even are the reason and agents of desirable changes. Here, the science of future studies, with an intelligent management of the future, has the ability to manage in a dynamic, inconstant, and unexpected environment and can pave the way for creating and architecting a desirable future by using modern managerial principles. It can be said that future-studies deals with change management.  This major, with its prospective, traditional planning, based on forecasting, challenges trends and designs beneficial guidelines and policies for mid-term and long-term periods in order to achieve a desirable future by using its comprehensive and systematic approach. Regional development through the growth of functional diversity of habitat and establish a strong relationship between them starts. Same basis of relationships and functional roles of settlements, settlement hierarchy is required in order to get the right pattern. With regard to the actual and potential role of central cities in regional development and it also accounts for a major share of its urban settlements, urban development, such as one of the ways to achieve a balanced network, more attention has been on the settlement.

  this study is applied-developmental and in terms of nature, it is descriptive-analytical.In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the future condition of the system the result of which showed 30 initial effective factors on the future condition of the system were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the future procedure of the system, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software Micmac. The methods used in this study include: Delphi technique (for identifying effective factors on the future of the system), Cross Impact Analysis method (for identifying the effective key factors on the future condition of the system). The statistic society in this study was the experts and specialists of urban field and also the location of the study is  khoy city.

 This study, by using Cross Impact Analysis Approach  studies discusses the effective Components Affecting the Development of Medium-Sized City khoy. The goal of this study is to identify the key factors effective on the future condition of Components Affecting the Development of Medium-Sized City khoy. In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the future condition of the system the result of which showed 30 initial effective factors on the future condition of the system were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the future procedure of the system, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software Micmac. The results of the study show that the studied system is and unstable one and in the table of variables spread; five classes of factors (effective, Twosided, independent, influential and regulatory) can be identified. Finally, . The structural analysis method was used with the help of MicMac software to extract key factors, where 11 factors were selected as key factors. These factors actually play role as main players in the development of Khoy city. Given these factors in urban planning and policy making, one can witness a positive and tangible trend in the development of Khoy city at the provincial level.

 Studying the future and planning for it is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, economic, and cultural effects and also an indifference to the novel or developing technologies in human’s life, or they could be because of neglecting the leading forces and key factors affecting the facilitation of the resolution of future problems. Nowadays, the world is at the bridge of significant developments and changes for which no match can be found in the history of mankind. It is a thorough revolution which has dominated all the fields and aspects of human life and will make a great gap between past and the future. There is no doubt that the world in the future will be the ground for developments and inconstancies and only those will be able to cope with different events who deal with changes in an active and preemptive way and even are the reason and agents of desirable changes. Here, the science of future studies, with an intelligent management of the future, has the ability to manage in a dynamic, inconstant, and unexpected environment and can pave the way for creating and architecting a desirable future by using modern managerial principles. It can be said that future-studies deals with change management.  This major, with its prospective, traditional planning, based on forecasting, challenges trends and designs beneficial guidelines and policies for mid-term and long-term periods in order to achieve a desirable future by using its comprehensive and systematic approach.An important feature of developing countries is the strong concentration of resources and populations in large cities and the spatial and geographical imbalances at the territorial level. In discussing decentralization of these cities, one of the basic issues is the need to look at the middle sections of the hierarchy of settlements, which in the meantime, Meanwhile, strengthening middle-class cities at various levels of physical, economic and social was proposed as one of the most effective strategies to balance the distribution of population and economic activities in the regions  With the growth and development of these cities, one can see a form of balanced urban system.

Tourists are looking for new destinations with different targets for leisure time. Creative outlet seeks to Highlighting subcultures in the local community and revitalizing tangible and intangible heritage and educational, emotional, social interaction of tourist as well as his involvement with the place and culture of destination people. In the era of creative tourism, tourists are not only looking for natural and historical artifacts but also for a deeper understanding of destination community. According to genre of life, cultural diversity and historical monuments and artistic works in khoy are increasingly felt in attention of creative tourism in this city. Due to the importance of the issue of creative tourism and the appropriate geographical location of Khoy in relation to the Turkish border and the existence of tourist attractions, Research has been done to achieve this. Creating a creative tourism location requires application of important creative city indicators, such as participation, urban diversity, vitality of urban spaces, efficiency and communication technology. The statistical population of this study includes citizens of dual regions of Khoy and the required sample size of 383 people was determined. . The purpose of this paper is to evaluate indicators of creative city in creating creative urban tourism in Khoy. In this regard, The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose and Obtaining data and information was in the form of documents and field (citizen questionnaire). The results of multivariate research show that there is a significant relationship between creative city indicators and the rate of realization of creative urban tourism But Khoy city does not have necessary indicators to create creative tourism and there are fundamental weaknesses in the various components of the creative city.

Speedy land-use changes in the suburbs of Iran, in present decades, have posed many problems, including the destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution, and inadequate urban growth. In most cases, these effects were due to unprincipled land-use change. Considering the rate of change and destruction of resources in previous years and feasibility, forecasting of these changes, and the growth pattern of the city in the coming years can be a significant step towards planning and optimal use of resources in the future. In this research, using Landsat multi-time satellite images related to 1986, 2002, and 2019, side information and Markov chain model of land-use and land cover changes that have occurred during 33 years in Khoy city to expose the extent of the changes. Convert for each period and forecast the desired uses. To conduct research, first, the images used in terms of the best bands for band composition were reviewed and selected. Then, the neural network method was used to classify and evaluate the accuracy of classification with the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. Finally, land-use changes for 2036 were predicted using the Markov forecast model. The results show the uncontrolled expansion of built-up areas and severe destruction of agricultural lands from 2002 to 2019 and the sharp decline of barren lands and their conversion into built-up lands within the city limits and suburbs. Modeling the changes also shows that from 2019 to 2036, the city will change to a Mountainous area and gardens for growth.

The historical site of Khoy city in iran, is of a high value in terms of cultural heritage and tourist attractions, thus, in this paper it is aimed to identify the situation of historical site of Khoy and present approaches of rebuilding historical site of Khoy.This paper is in applied research series in terms of purpose and in Terms of purpose,this paper is considered an applied research and in Terms of survey research method,it's a statistical population of Khoy's historical site and exprets. The sample volume by means of Kurkan formula is 379 parents and 20 experts of historical site's of Khoy city as a statistical sample. The sampling method is a random sampling 379 questionnaires ware distributed to the resident of the site. Four fundamental,economical,social and institutional criteria ware chosen in order to study the situation of Khoy's historical site in tourism approach. For analyzing the date, the SPSS software was used, and the advantages and disadvantages and the good an weak points were studied through analyzing the issues and problems via the present condition model,swot. The results of sing-test,suggest that the situation of hysterical site of Khoy city, in terms of socialand economical criteria is optimal for renovation and. Also theresults showed that the above-mentioned area has some erosions and despide this weak point, the area possesses a high potentialof tourist attractions because of the presence of cultural and historical elements, which can be a trigger for renewing the historical site of Khoy city.

Abstract Asa lucrative industry, tourism has attracted the attention of many countries. Because of possessing rich historical, cultural and natural attractions, a lot of tourists can be attracted to Iran with an appropriate planning, in this aspect, the historical texture of Khoy city is of a high potential in terms of cultural heritage and tourist attractions. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between revitalization of historical texture and tourism development and identify the most important determining criteria for restoring historical texture of Khoy city with a tourism approach. This study was considered as an applied research in terms of objective, and as a statistic sample in terms of research method and statistical population of the people above 18 and the sample size using the Cochran formula of 379 citizens and 20 experts of the historical texture of Khoy city were figured out as a statistical sample. The sampling method is a purposeful sampling. A total number of 379 questioners were distributed among households of the study area. The four physical, economic, social and environmental criteria were chosen to evaluate the revitalization of the historical texture of Khoy city with a tourism approach. In order to analyze the data, multivariate process (ANP) have been utilized. Based on the network analysis process in the historical context of Khoy, the economic and physical criteria are of the highest impact in the revitalization of its historical texture, and regarding the multivariate linear regression model, the economic criterion for rebuilding with a tourist approach, has gained the highest degree of importance and priority.

Urbanization is a process which leads to the growth of cities and urban changes due to industrialization and economic development. In other words, urbanization is an inevitable and demographic force and movement which should not be neglected. Informal settlements, which took place in Europe after the Industrial Revolution at the time of the transition from the traditional society to the modern society soon became widely popular in the developing countries. But we can definitely say that this phenomenon was particular related to the developing countries and fell out of fashion in the developed countries. The increasing growth of urbanization rate due to the countries’ development in the developing countries led to the formation of informal settlements. Presently, these current settlements are their tangible reality; therefore, theorizing the reason for their growth and development as parts of the environment is of great importance.
Theoretical Framework: There are three main theories regarding the informal settlement in the developing countries: first, the theory of Chicago School in 1930 which considers informal settlements as a separation from residential regions due to the difference in the levels of income and the ethnic and racial groups competing to acquire more proper and valuable lands in urban areas. The second approach, Alonso’s neo-liberal theory, considers informal settlements a response to the housing needs of urban residents who cannot afford to buy a formal settlement because of discriminatory laws; finally the third theory, the postmodern theory of urban/ecological perspective considers that informal settlements formed as the result of separating professions among the urban spaces and that urban residents are housed according to their profession and social statuses.
We can point out four main theories regarding the formation of informal settlements in the developing countries, including land management, colonial heritage, economic inequality, and imbalance of supply and demand. The first school believes that city officials’ inefficiency and weakness in land management and insufficient urban plans leads to informal settlement. The second perspective links the development of informal settlements to historical and political factors, especially colonialism, pre-colonialism actions and civil and political instability. The third view refers to the new economic system which plays a significant role in the development of informal settlements. This theory interprets the city businesses, and class and income differences resulting in the residential separation and social deprivation. The fourth theory relates the advent of informal settlements to the imbalance in the supply and demand process of urban merchandises (land, services, and substructure). This theory attempts to stabilize the informal settlements and recover them.
Generally speaking, there are several different and contradictory theories for informal settlements. But as for the ecological theory apart from its being a simplistic perspective, a type of social Darwinism can be seen. As for the theory which considers the colonial and capitalist factor worthy of blame, it should be added that it has shunned the responsibility and has failed to consider the role of internal factors.
The goal of the present research is applied, which is of descriptive-analytical kind in terms of its nature and approach. In order to study the spatial growth trend of informal settlements in the city of Khoy, the present research used Land Sat TM5 of the years 1976, 1989, 2000 and 2011 while it used CA-Markov Model for the prediction of its growth.
The formation and trend of spatial growth of informal settlements in Khoy in the time span under study indicates that it follows a pattern similar to other cities in the country which is confirmed by the results of other studies. Along similar lines, Sarvar (2009) studied informal settlements in Tehran and concluded that the constant growth of informal settlements due to the population and migration growth the and slow nature of structural reforms are effective factors in the development of informal settlements in a metropolis such as Tehran at least until 2025.
Conclusion and Suggestions: The results of the study show that the core issue in the formation of informal settlements in the city of Khoy was formed in its northern district (Jamshid Abad) with the area of 31.84 hectares between the years 1975 and 1976. The process of growth in the areas of informal settlement suggests that it was increased in 1976 with the area of 31.84 hectares to 174.78 hectares in 1989 to 670.86 hectares in 2000 and to 913.05 in 2012. Also, the prediction of spatial growth of informal settlements in Khoy was used by means of combining Marcov Chain and cellular automata (CA), which shows that the area of these settlements will increase up to 1036.35 hectares in 2026.

This research is an applied study conducted with an analytical – description strategy. Data from multitemporal of Land Sat Tm5 for 1989, 2000 & 2011 were used to assess and model the changes in urban land use in KHoy city.The result of changes in land use assessment indicated that most of changes are related to land uses due to urban construction. Under this condition, the land use has increased from 995.13 hectares to 2084.22 hectares and 2557.12 hectares in 1989 and 2000 respectively. The greatest growth with 27percents has experienced between 1989- 2000. The land uses of gardens, green spaces and agriculture section has respectively experienced with the decline of 13 and 8 percents in favor of construction uses in the period under study. As result, the land uses has reached from 717.03 hectares to 623, 25 hectares in 1989 and 165.06, 288.54 hectares in 2011.The result of forecasting changes by using Auto cells Markov chain also implied that the most recent changes will happen in urban built land use. It is predicted that, land use area of 2557.62 hectares (62.6 percent) in 2011 to 2872.620 hectares (70.47 percent) will be reached in 1400.