جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شهرستان بینالود" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various sectors, including tourism activities. The social responsibility of stakeholders in the tourism industry towards tourists has become crucial, with adherence to health guidelines being a key motivation for the use of catering units. Tourism serves as a solution to mitigate the economic losses caused by the pandemic, particularly in small-scale areas, and social responsibility plays a vital role in the sustainability of the industry and its impact on communities. This research aims to investigate the level and extent of social responsibility compliance among government institutions, local organizations, and catering unit managers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data, with 280 questionnaires distributed and completed by tourism sector professionals and experts. The reliability of the data was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test in the SPSS, and correlation tests and T-tests were conducted for data analysis. The findings indicate that restaurants demonstrated the highest level of compliance with social responsibility against the COVID-19 pandemic, with a rating of 4.25. Conversely, Lamkadeh and resorts exhibited the lowest ratings of 2.55 and 2.77, respectively. Overall, the research reveals that tourism professionals, experts, and officials are aware of their responsibility towards incoming tourists in hospitality complexes and diligently follow health protocols to combat the spread of the COVID-19 disease.

The low quality of life in rural areas and, as a result, the migration of rural people to cities has led to numerous social, economic and environmental problems in rural areas and in cities. Accordingly, the aim is to identify the relationship between the vitality of the villagers and the existence of rural public spaces; Investigating the necessity of forming and paying attention to public spaces in villages and identifying the relationship and effect between the existence of rural public spaces and the mental quality of life of villagers. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. Library and survey studies have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study includes 9 villages of Binaloud County. In order to estimate the sample size in rural households, 190 people were obtained from Cochran sampling method with an error level of 7% according to the share of rural population. The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS and GIS software and one-sample t-test, regression test and Pearson correlation test were used to prove and disprove the hypotheses. Findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the role of public spaces in improving the quality of life of villagers in the sample villages. However, according to the villagers, the vitality level of rural public spaces in general with an average of 2.49 and quality of life with an average of 2.45 is low in the sample villages and in the villages of Upper Abareh, Virani and Jagharq, the vitality of public spaces and Jagharq, Zoshk and Dehnov villages, the mental quality of life has the highest level. The study of the effect of vitality indices in rural public spaces showed that 39% of the changes in the mental quality of life in the sample villages depend on the vitality indices in rural public spaces. The social vitality index (with an impact factor of 0.292) also has the greatest impact.

Land use planning in rural areas is tantamount to spatial planning of land use and distribution of land uses and evaluates the type of land use commensurate with its capacities. Today, seeking to achieve goals such as balanced distribution of land use, land use planning based on two principles of land development values and improve quality of life, in order to achieve goals such as balanced distribution of land uses, mitigation of use of land uses, compliance, dependency, dependency and use capacity. The present research method is descriptive - analytic and for examining the qualitative evaluation of tourism applications from four fit matrices, compliance, capacity and matrix dependency matrix, and questionnaire presented by 48 local experts were completed. The results show that among the existing applications, the highest score obtained has been allocated to the use of the main network of main roads within the village with a value of 3.47 and the least to the use of historical water storage with a value of 2.32. Also, among the studied villages, it was determined that the village of Nuchah with a score of 3.45 in the best condition and the village of Hear-e-Sorkh with a mean value of 3.03 was the lowest. Also, among the four matrices, it was found that the capacity matrix with the value of 2.74, the utility with the value of 3.84, the dependency matrix with the value of 2.54 and the matrix of compatibility with the value of 3.85.

the analysis of land use utility matrix based on human and natural criteria in residential areas is the necessity and issues that planners in urban and rural areas in terms of access to communication network, central location, weather, noise and etc are a turning point for how optimal use is of resources. the aim of this study is to identify the level of user desirability in rural areas of Binaluod county. in this study, 14 user groups with 52 % of land use terms of central location, access to communication network, smell, facilities and equipment, slope, air, sound and vision were investigated. the present study is descriptive - analytical and data collection were collected in the field method by 48 local experts in eight villages. the results show that based on the four alternatives (4: Completely desirable and 1: totally undesirable) the bakery users with an average of 3/99 and the gymnasium with an average of 4 have made the highest compatibility in terms of the desirability of the location and land of the historic tank with /38 and the dilapidated housing with 3/40. Also, the average utilization rate of land use in the village of Zashk 3/74, in the village of Dehno 3/82, in the village of Jagherz, 3/78, in the village of Abedeh Alya, 3/89, in the village of Nochah equaled 3/92, in the village of Hesar Golestan 3/76, In the village of Hesar Sorkh 3.79 and finally in the village of Ruhni, the utility rate was 3.80. the results show that despite the wide range of land use changes outside the context of study villages, the level of land use within the rural fabric is desirable in terms of quality of high - order location, 3/81.

Land use issue over the past few years Due to the great importance of land use change has received much attention So much so that today the issue of land use change is one of the most important challenges in the natural and human resource management system.

Goal:

 according to this The present study is trying With the help of strategic planning tools, Identify and present optimal implementation strategies to reduce agricultural land use change.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM tools have been used. From a total of 14 villages in Binalood County that have had unauthorized agricultural land use changes in recent years, 8 villages with more than 100 land use changes were selected as a sample. The Rural Experts Analysis Unit was familiar with the internal and external environment in relation to the research topic and snowball sampling method.

Geographical area of research: 

The study area in this study were the villages with the highest amount of land use change in Binalood County, located in Khorasan Razavi province.

Based on exploratory studies, 18 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 29 weaknesses and threats as limitations and problems facing the change of use of agricultural lands in Binalood County were identified. The opinions of the three groups (local informants and managers) were asked in the designed questionnaire. The results showed that in matrix SWOT, according to the score of IFE = 2.242 and EFE = 2.769, conservative (maximum-minimum) strategies were identified in order to reduce the change of use of agricultural lands. The following 6 strategies were prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM).

In this regard, the most important strategy of "organizing illegal and unprincipled constructions by implementing government oversight programs" was identified with a score of 1.211. Therefore, it is necessary to control land use changes by proper land management.

Tourist destinations are selected by tourists based on various factors. One of the most important factors is tourist destination security. The study aims to investigate the role of security in the development of rural tourism. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes 194 tourists from eight villages of Torqabeh and Shandiz County, which selected through the Cochran formula. A survey containing Likert- type scales were used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach Alpha, which is acceptable. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Pearson Correlation test, One Sample T-test and Linear Regression, and VIKOR model. The results indicate that the security variable has a strong direct relationship with the tourism development variable (Coefficient = 0.713). In other words, security positively influences rural tourism development. In addition, the results of VIKOR model reveals that there is a different level of security for tourists in 8 tourist villages of the region; Jaghargh, Kang, and Abardeh villages are in good condition, but Noqondar, Anbaran, and Zoshk villages are at lower level in terms of tourism security and Zoshk village is at the lowest level in terms of tourism security that for the development of tourism in these villages should be considered by the authorities.

One of the basic human needs for the life of the security, much of it Shape of security in residential spaces. The researchers believe that factors such as social, economic, cultural, etc. are effective in creating a sense of security, among which we can mention the physical effects can be mentioned. The purpose of this study was to investigate physical factors affecting the sense of security of villagers in rural settlements on Binaloud County, using the approach "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" or CPTED. This study is an applied one conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. In order to evaluate the factors affecting physical security, the opinions of 16 experts to estimate the level of physical security feeling the villagers, residents of 8 villages were questioning Binalud County, that of rural households in 5766, the sample size of 190 households were selected method stratified random sampling. In this study, using fuzzy hierarchical analysis were determined impact factors 9 index affecting the safety of the physical environment villagers and it was determined that quality passages factor with 24.3 percent had the greatest impact on the safety of the physical environment. Then, based on rank correlation analysis model GRA, rural settlements were ranked in terms of emotions and physical security, the results showed that the Virani village have been conditions better than other sample villages and has been ranked first in terms of the sense of physical security, and Sarasiab village is at the lowest level of physical security is felt. One sample T-test results showed unsuitable conditions are indicators of quality of streets and visual proportions in selected villages, and Suitable conditions indices vegetation cover and informal monitoring to increase the sense of physical security.

One of the main and important tasks of planners in rural areas is to allocate land for various uses according to the role and function and the impact of each use on the others. In fact, the ultimate goal of land use planning is to create a kind of environmental balance and social justice in the process of development of residential areas. Land use planning should address quality objectives such as security, adaptability, landscape and sense of dependence on the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of rural land-uses in tourism destinations in terms of public safety, landscape, comfort and convenience. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this study, eight tourist destinations in Binaloud county were selected and the degree of adaptation was divided into three matrices: 1- Comfort and convenience, 2- Public safety 3- Landscape and view between 49 land-uses among rural experts and the studied villages in a range categorized from fully compatible to completely incompatible. The results showed that all the studied villages are in a comparable situation in terms of adaptability. In the public safety matrix, religious use with an average of 4.16 is in the first place and historical use with an average of 3.25 is in the last place. In the landscape and perspective matrix, religious use with an average of 3.73 ranks first and industrial-workshop use with 1.35 is in the last ranking. In the comfort and convenience matrix, the use of access network and passages with an average of 4.26 is in the first place and the historical use with an average of 3.10 is in the last place. In general, in terms of compatibility, educational land-use with 3.82 is in the first place, and historical use with 3.25 is in the last place.

The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of tourism development on land use changes in rural areas. The development of tourism activities results in massive structural change in rural areas with natural attractions. A descriptive-analytical method is adopted by the present study. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire was formulated and completed by 356 villagers in 10 touristy villages of Binaloud county. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including T-test to compare the mean of indices, Pearson correlation and regression model. Also the villages were ranked by Vickor multi-criteria programming method to assess the changes occurred in their land use. Results indicated that there is a significant correlation between the presence of tourists and four components of: 1- physical changes, 2- incentives for more land use changes, 3- structural and communication changes and 4- economic changes in rural areas. The regression results revealed that a considerable part of the dependent variable (land use change) is explained by the independent variable (the tourists). Also, the results of the ranking of the studied villages in terms of the impact of land use changes on tourism indicated that three villages namely: MayanOlia, Mayansofla and Mayanvosta have experienced more land use changes than the others.

Today, the use of satellite imagery and aerial photos to change is one of the basic needs. In this research, the present study examines the trend of land use changes to non-agricultural lands and tourist settlements in the years 2007 to 2017 using satellite imagery. The area under study is the Binalood city in Khorasan Razavi province, which has been exposed to high land demand and unauthorized land use changes after 2007 national divisions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyze the trend of land use change in villages of the tourist destination of this County in two periods. The method is descriptive-analytic and rate of user variation was evaluated using satellite imagery in 8 rural areas that had the most challenge in the years 2007 to 2017. The results show that in all villages, land use changes have increased and increased in area. The total amount is estimated to be 1848101 square meters, which is far from the mind given the characteristics of the region in terms of tourism and land value. Among the villages studied, destruction due to the addition of industrial uses, workshops, tourism, etc. in the last 10 years, has had the most changes

One of the effective indicators in shaping the sense of security is the style of rural architecture. In recent years, rural housing has undergone many changes through processes influenced by internal and external forces. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of modern architectural style on the physical security of rural settlements in Binalood, based on the CPTED approach. The present research is aimed at "applied" and in terms of the method and nature of "descriptive-analytical". In this research to assess the physical security of villagers and the style of modern architecture of Residents 8 villages in Binalood city were questioned. Out of a total of 6497 households in rural areas, a sample size of Cochran formula with a 0.07% error, was selected for 190 households by stratified random sampling. The results of the study showed that the road quality index in the sample villages had an unfavorable condition with an average of 3.05 and has had the least impact on creating the sense of security of the villagers. In contrast, vegetation index (with a mean of 3.35) was more favorable and have had a greater impact on the sense of security of the inhabitants. Also, changes in the style of modern architecture in the studied villages on the resistance index of housing with a mean of 3.14 had the highest effect and the index of organic architecture compliance with an average of 2.89 was considered less. According to Pearson's correlation results, there is a significant and direct relation (0.337) between modern architectural style and physical security sensation. The results of path analysis indicate that the architectural design index with the coefficient of influence of 0.253 has the highest direct effect on the physical safety feel.

The environment is the place we live, work, and play; it supplies the most basic human needs, as it is a thing that is becoming increasingly important every day. However, during his dominance over the earth, human beings have consumed the resources indiscriminately and in an unplanned manner. Many of the threats made against human society are merely associated with environmental issues. Although these threats have a non-security nature, in fact, they affect the national security of the countries. As human societies are facing with the growing trend of environmental degradation, it is essential to set some measures for environmental management and other critical resources. Therefore, to prevent irreversible damage to renewable sources, long-term management is a necessity. As rural areas play an important role in production, employment, within the geographical borders and population, they should have a special place in the development of the country. Climate changes and global warming, desertification and lack of fresh water are among the issues the study seeks to investigate. Proper management is essential for the protection of rural areas, but there are some challenges that the current study have tried to examine. The main question is: what are the main challenges in managing environmental resources in the study area?

Binaloud County (Torghabeh Shandiz) with an area of 1185.26 km2 is located in the center of Khorasan Razavi province, northeastern Iran and has a population of 69,640 people. Based on the latest administrative divisions of Iran, this county consists of two districts (Torghabeh and Shandiz) and four Dehestans (rural districts) including Jaghraq, Torghabeh, Abardeh and Shandiz. The county has 52 villages with a total population of 34,653 people in 10,905 rural households.

The study is an applied one, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. To answer the research questions, we reviewed the literature and comments made by experts, and accordingly formulated the standards and features of effective environmental resources management. After setting the boundaries of the study area, the data was collected. The next step in the research process was to identify and verify the classification of the factors, and to explore the interrelationship between the indicators based on their effects on each other. Data analysis was conducted by Analytic Network Process (ANP), in which after discovering the inter-relations between indicators, similar to AHP method, the weight of the indicators must be determined compared to the target group, and the weight of each sub-indicator is determined compared to the relevant indicators. This was performed by designing questionnaires that were completed by 22 certified experts. According to their responses, the appropriate weight of each criteria and sub-criteria were determined.

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multi-criteria decision making technique. Given the complexity of various environmental issues, ANP may produce better results. Looking at the related literature, the criteria and indicators were organized into 10 clusters. Within each cluster, relevant elements and criteria were divided. While elements of each cluster are interconnected, some of them may also be associated with elements of other clusters. According to the diagrams and table of the final weight of clusters, it was concluded that challenges in the cluster of laws and regulations with an impact factor of 0.237, is the biggest challenge to the management of environmental resources. Monitoring cluster was the second challenge affecting the management of environmental resources in the study area. The findings showed that issues such as lack of legal mechanism for the protection of environmental resources, weak laws and regulations on investment, lack of transparency of investment rules on environmental resources, and access to resources, services and facilities in rural areas and environmental degradation, a subset of performance cluster, is the least significant challenge to the management of environmental resources which has the impact factor of 0.037. The challenges related to economic issues and personal skills have the second and third least impact factors, respectively.

In this study, using ANP the authors analyzed the challenges for managing environmental resources and identified indicators which are among the most important challenges in managing environmental resources. Challenges, including the lack of screening in accessing the effects of environmental resources, lack of deterrence and executive guarantees of environmental regulations in evaluation of natural resources, lack of expert instructions for environmental assessment of the projects, lack of reform in making use of natural resources and curbing the unstable factors, lack of clarity about environmental resources on land use planning and its legal status are the most important challenges. On the other hand, lack of legal mechanisms for protecting the environmental resources, weak laws and regulations on investment, lack of transparency in investment rules about environmental resources, access to resources, services and facilities in rural areas and environmental degradation are the least important challenges to the management of environmental resources. Accordingly, in this study, it is recommended that the Environmental Protection Agency in collaboration with other stakeholders, evaluate the efficiency of environmental laws and regulations, and report the performance, efficiency and achievement of legislations based on the indicators of environmental quality, and present it with suggestions for updating and promoting their efficiency.

The following could be among the responsibilities of the government towards the deployment of an environmental resources management system: to achieve consensus and coordination in various sectors of industry and production;
to set priorities in development, completion, and promoting the regulations;
to impose limitations or bans on the indiscriminate and irresponsible consumption of natural resources;
to define research projects to develop standards and guidelines;
to formulate and implement comprehensive programs of quality management and environmental resources;
to review the laws and regulations on protecting the environment and quality of resources;
to make managers sensitive to issues of environmental resources and their improper use;
to employ academic and practical methods to manage resource consumption;
to develop a risk management plan for resources against natural disasters;
to assess the environmental impact of projects.

Renovation projects are among the most important tools for interferencing the organization of developmental activities and the physical expansion of villages which result in the improvement of living conditions in rural areas. Such projects provide grounds for a series of public services. They facilitate communication, life flow, and organization of construction activities in villages. They have preserved rural life and have improved the life quality in rural areas. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of physical renewation on the quality of rural life in villages of Torghabeh and Shandiz (Binaloud county). The research method was descriptive-analytical and based on nature it was an applicable research. Documentary and field methods were used for data collection. The statistical population of this research included 10 villages in which physical renovation projects were conducted. Also, 131 out of 3724 households were selected as a sample for the present study. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for determining the reliability of the questionnaire. It was equaled to 0.812 for all indicators which confirmed the suitability of the research tool. Descriptive statistics (standard deviation, mean and coefficient of variation) and inferential statistics (single sample and analysis of variance) were used for data analysis. Vikor model was applied for classification of villages based on their life quality indexes. The results of one-sample t-test showed that among the indicators, employment and activity status with an average of (3.702), credit attraction and cost reduction (3.44), reduction of environmental changes (3.33) and preservation of architectural style (3.26) have had the most impacts on the life quality of the studied villages, respectively. Also, the Vikor model showed that the village of Dehbar (0.68) placed at the highest level of ranking, and the villages of Dehno (0.98) and Nagorno (0.97) possessed the lowest rank of the rate of renoation effects on the life quality improvements at the studied villages.

The physical environment form of a settlement is an effective factor in formation the security sense for its residents. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of sprawl on the sense of physical security in rural settlements of Binaloud county based on CPTED approach. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable, and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical research. Statistical sample includes 190 rural households selected from all 5766 households resided in 8 villages of Binaloud county. The sample was selected by stratified random method. The results showed that road quality index with a mean of 3.05 had the least effect on creating the sense of security among the villagers. In contrast, the indices of vegetation (with a mean of 3.35), grading and density (with a mean of 3.26) and natural or informal monitoring (with a mean of 3.24), had a greater impact on promoting the sense of security among the residents. According to Pearson correlation results, there is a significant and indirect relationship between the sprawl and the sense of physical security with a coefficient of -0.2. The results of the path analysis indicated that spatial-physical index with the coefficient of influence of -0.354 had the greatest direct impact on sense of physical security. Subsequently, we calculated the indirect coefficients of the independent variables on the main dependent variable in the four stages of path analysis and investigated the total direct and indirect effects. As a result, the spatial-temporal index with the coefficient of influence of 0.354, and then the social index with the coefficient of influence of 0.142 and the environmental index with the coefficient of influence of -0.129 had the greatest effects on developing the sense of physical security respectively.

1. Today, tourism compared with other economic sections has many advantages for local communities so that it has been discussed as an economic panacea that lifts viability in remote areas, stimulates revitalization of settlements, improves the living conditions of rural communities, and is the catalyst for economic and social reconstruction of rural areas. Cultural tourism is one of the models of tourism in rural areas. At present, most of rural areas of the country have cultural richness, historical background, and valuable historical and cultural monuments. Specific properties of rural communities such as local habits, customs related to food and clothing, architecture, historical monuments, music, art, and local languages etc. are considered as hidden cultural capacities in rural communities that can benefit them well in tourism. Unfortunately, despite cultural richness and diversity of rural areas of Binalood, this kind of tourism did not have appropriate development. However, Binalood has historical and natural link with Toos and Mashhad and regarding cultural and historical heritage, it is an inseparable part of the old civilization of Toos and Mashhad. Lack of attention sometimes leads to corrosion and decline of cultural properties (theft, use changing, destruction, etc.). In order to improve and develop cultural tourism in rural areas there is an increasing need to identify challenges of cultural tourism in respect to conditions and properties of the province. Thus, this study aims to address the following research question.
Q: What are the main development challenges of cultural tourism in rural areas?"
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Studies show that culture has a distinct role in tourism activities, especially, in rural areas. Customs, habits, and local identity are resources that tourists want to experience. In this kind of tourism, the traditional culture originating from the distant past attracts many tourists in rural areas that still have cultural authenticity. It means that some writers consider culture as the cornerstone of tourism development. In a report by Europe Travel Committee in 2005, two external and internal issues of cultural tourism have been spoken about; internal area includes the first element of cultural tourism and can be divided into two sectors, namely, historical monuments tourism, and art tourism. External area includes the secondary elements of cultural tourism and can be divided into two parts. Lifestyle and creative industries are generally studied in two axes; the first axis of tourism is related to cultural heritage of a place. In this view, the historical dimension of a community is important while in the second axis the present time and current culture of a community is the target.
3- This study is an applied developmental research with a descriptive-analytic method. Data collection is based on documentation and field study. Challenges facing tourism development in rural areas were identified and were prepared in form of questionnaires. They were given to 40 authorities and experts of Cultural Heritage, Handcraft, and Tourism Organization. They were also given to 30 local elites in potential villages to provide perspectives. Due to the high number of identified challenges and unknown relationships between them, in this study we used exploratory factor analysis test which is a mathematical method for data reduction.
4 - The aim of this study is to analyze the factors for detecting unobservable factors based on a set of observable variables. In this study, five main unobservable factors were identified from a linear combination of 18 observable variables. Management challenges are the most significant challenges identified in the field of cultural tourism in Binalood. This factor which was detected by 5 observable variables with high correlation coefficient, explains 36% of variance by itself. Marketing and advertising weakness in cultural tourism, concentrating on ecotourism and unimportant role of cultural tourism in tourism development plans, and threatening historical attractions by constructions, etc. are issues of a more fundamental factor called management challenges. Then, 10.9 percent of explained variance are planning challenges, 8.9 percent are regulatory challenges, 6.8 percent are ultra-structural challenges, and finally, 6.8 percent are legislation challenges of explained variance.
5- Today, visiting cultural resources is one of the largest and fastest growing parts of tourism industry. Studies show that the optimal model for tourism development in Iran is cultural tourism due to cultural background and high volume of cultural tourists in the world. The most significant challenges detected in this study are management challenges. In management challenges, weakness in marketing and advertising of cultural tourism and not introducing cultural tourism attractions with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 are two priorities. In planning challenges, the low arrivals of tourists for cultural attractions of the province and the small number of tourists with a correlation coefficient of 0.81, in regulatory challenges, the tendency to mass production of handcraft and not having the control of it by native people and developing by nonnative manufacturers with a correlation coefficient of 0.82, in ultra-structural challenges, inappropriate distribution of tourists during the year and tourist's focus on particular days of the year with a correlation coefficient of 0.81, and in legislation challenges, the weakness of laws and regulations in investment and unclear laws of attracting investment in cultural tourism with a correlation coefficient of 0.81 are the first priorities in each section. Given the detection of main challenges in tourism development, it is possible to make a plan in order to eliminate the existing challenges and pave the way for cultural tourism development. For this purpose, it is necessary to make a comprehensive long term plan of cultural tourism for Binaloud county.

As the executive arm of government, village managing plays a great role in implementation, monitoring and organization of development programs to achieve the desired level of sustainable development in rural regions. The present study aimed to investigate the role of village head assistants (dehyar) during the process of rural development. The required data were collected by using library and field methods. An applied descriptive- analytical method was used in order to evaluate the obtained data. 251 heads of households from 10 villages of Torghabeh section were selected as the sample population. To assess the performance of village management during the development process, 49 indicators were used in three dimensions including economic, social and environmental factors following 48 articles assigned to dehyar’s duties. The measured spectrum was in likert questionnaire. The obtained data were inserted into SPSS software and analyzed by using different statistical tests. Cronbach's alpha for 49 indices was equal to 0.89, representing acceptability of research questionnaire. Testing hypotheses was conducted using one-sample t-test (t-student) and cluster analysis. The results of t-test showed that the performance of dehyars in all three dimensions of sustainable development was lower than the average level. The mean performance of dehyars during rural sustainable development was 1.93 that scored as weak and poor. According to the findings, different strategies were proposed including: review on dehyar’s duties, providing reports and informing the villagers, formation of different local groups, implementing income-generating projects, increasing awareness of rural communities, etc.

World tourism organization estimates that tourism industry, as the most important industry in 2020, with an overall income of 2 trillion dollars and 1.561 billion travelers, has the first role in development of economics of countries. So this industry is a good opportunity for developing countries like Iran, which has rich cultural and wilderness attractions. Because of growing tourist with cultural targets in world, and Iran's rank in cultural heritage attractions (10th in world), a special attention is needed to cultural tourism and abilities spread in villages, a scientific understanding of facilities and limits, opportunities and its threats is also vital. Many villages posses rich and unique cultural background and valuable historical monuments, each of which contain a part of historical identity of this land. Unfortunately despite of this richness and diversity, this type of tourism has not grown enough in our villages. Villages of The city of Binaloud being adjacent to Mashhad metropolis (24 km) on one hand, and on the other hand because of its intact nature, accept lots of eco-tourists each year. To develop cultural tourism in potential villages, the need for using scientific strategies to reconstruct and develop cultural tourism is raising. The aim of this study is to identify and chose best strategies in developing cultural tourism in potential villages in the city of Binaloud, and to provide a base for planning and developing cultural tourism in rural areas. Following questions are proposed to achieve this goal: 1- What kind of strategy is effective for cultural tourism in current situation; this strategy shall prevent threats and then utilize good points and opportunities, and meanwhile resolve our weaknesses? 2- What are the best strategies for reaction to current conditions of rural cultural tourism in the city of Binaloud? The research method and type are descriptive-analytic and practical-developmental, respectively. Data collection has been carried out by documental and field methods. First, weaknesses, strengths and opportunities and threats in developing cultural tourism were identified by wide documental studies. Then primary surveys were proposed to some of experts and village chiefs to ask for important internal or external factors which can be strengths, weaknesses, opportunities or threats for the development of cultural tourism, Then necessary adjustments were done based on theoretical literature and extraction of common points. Final factors – as most limiting or helping ones in improvement and continuity of development of cultural tourism in rural areas under study - were distributed among 40 responsible officials and experts in Cultural Heritage, crafts and tourism Organization of the city of Binaloud and also 10 village chiefs those have enough potential in their villages to give their views. After conduction and correction of strategies, they scored the strategies from 0 to 20, based on respondent's answers. A combination of strategic planning models and artificial neural networks was utilized to analyze the data and to present strategies for developing cultural tourism in villages.Discussion and Resalts: First step in strategic analysis is to identify key strategic factors in relation to the problem under investigation. Overall, 13 strengths and 13 weaknesses were identified in internal factors, and 8 opportunity plus 5 threats were recognized among external ones, and must-do strategies were conducted based on these points. Then its elements were laid-out in the combined model of strategic planning and artificial neural network SWOT-ANN, and a first model was created. The aim of this model is to select the best strategy, and because of its good ability in modeling, the ANN method was used to analyze an prioritize the strategies of the research. After creating the network and calculating based on the mentioned pattern, 10 prior strategies were found. Based on normalized points, those belonging to conservative strategy, defensive strategy, offensive strategy and competitive strategy gained 0.5431, 0.2842, 0.1727 and 0.1256 points, respectively. Based on these points it can be said that conservative strategy shall get more attention and priority because it has the highest score. Because of more complicated effects impose by local conditions, shallow and one-dimensional determinations are not beneficial for solving multi-dimensional and complicated problems any more. Managers should facilitate themselves with efficient tools to overcome this environment an face the problems. Systematic or holistic approach can help managers and planners greatly to understand and solve the problems better. That is why SWOT technique with such approach is used in this study and respective strategies are presented; but SWOT is not able to rank the strategies; so different prioritizing methods should be used to achieve this goal. Artificial neural network (ANN) method is one of the most important methods for prioritizing which has been used in the world. Because lateral relations - in addition to longitudinal ones - are present – between SWOT's four factors, i.e. strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – in SWOT analysis, ANN is one of the best ways to prioritize SWOT strategies, and it makes possible to set relations between all levels of a model and to compare them toward each other. Investigations show that conservative strategies has gained overall score of 0.5431 and after them defensive strategy with overall score of 0.2842 was chosen as second strategy. Choosing conservative and defensive strategies in cultural tourism conditions of the villages of the city of Binaloud will show the best performance, and competitive and offensive strategies can be used after current situation has improved in the areas under study.

currently a very large number of poor people live in rural areas. In 2010، the targeted subsidy plan (also known as the subsidy reform) was conducted، aimed at equitable distribution of oil revenues among households، in order to achieve the social justice. The present study intended to investigate the effects of the first phase of reform implementation on rural households.

A descriptive- analytical method was applied based on research topic and objectives. The required data were collected using field and documentary research methods، rural households were defined as unit of analysis and the questionnaire designed that included issues that investigated the impact of cash subsidy on rural households in term of 29 variables. Data analysis in this study was done by using SPSS software program and factor analysis method.

According to the results، nine parameters were identified، among 29 primary variables، which interpret 72. 67% of the total variance of the effects of targeted subsidy reform on rural households. Of the nine identified factors، the first and the most important was «economic impacts» with about 50% of total variance. Practical solutions: The government objectives in the field of welfare، security and social justice will bolster، if the subsidy reach to the target groups (poor and vulnerable people)، thus the government''s orientation towards a gradual increase in the share of lower income deciles is highly recommended. Authenticity: At present، targeted subsidies law and its implementation is one of the most challenging issues in Iranian economy that has many impacts on geographically diverse areas of the country. This paper is relevant to the issue which has been little studied previously.