جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شهرستان ورامین" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

According to the Statistics Center of Iran's domestic tourism in 1400, about 55 million Iranians, equivalent to 18 million and 513 thousand 449 households, did not travel in 1400, and of a total of 26.301 thousand 670 Iranian households, only 7 million and 800 thousand households, equivalent to about 30 percent of households, had at least one trip. According to the statistics of the centers of Tehran and Varamin city in 1400, more than 12 percent of tourists entered the ecotourism resorts. According to the mentioned cases and in addition to the restrictions of Tehran province and due to its special location which is the capital of the country, many people due to traffic and other conditions cannot get out of the city of Tehran, and creating suitable conditions for ecolodges in the surrounding cities of Tehran, can overcome this defect to a great extent. Therefore, Varamin County has villages that have a number of ecolodges. Such as villages, Khave (Kaj and Naneh Agha), Castle Khajeh village (mansion residence), Kavir Abad village (Amome Reza's residence), Amin Abad village (residence of Mohammad Hossein Khan), but due to the old villages with ecotourism residence in Varamin, certain conditions prevail. Therefore, most villages do not have the necessary quality and cause tourists who enter the ecolodge houses practically cannot have that quality in these residences. For example, the lack of parking space, internet, and the lack of familiarity of indigenous people with tourists. Considering this issue, analyzing the attitude of tourists towards accommodation in ecolodges and the services provided to them, can be an effective way to improve the quality of such accommodations. Therefore، according to what is mentioned about the effects of ecolodges and the necessity of development and the willingness of tourists to stay in these residences. The present study was not merely to investigate and identify the satisfaction of tourists towards accommodation in ecolodges or Ecolodges, and the more important issue that has involved the researchers of this research is the deficiencies in the tourism sector of the villages of Varamin, of which ecolodges are an important part of it.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on the descriptive-analytic nature and in terms of the method of conducting survey. The method of data collection was in two ways: library and field. In the library method, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Meguiran and Iran Doc, the Statistical Organization and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism have been used. In the field method, the main tool is a questionnaire that in this paper a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. Based on the conceptual model of research, independent variables include physical and physical quality of residences, quality of services, location and availability of residences, and education and experience in residences. And the dependent variable of research is the attitude and willingness of tourists to stay in ecolodges. The statistical population of this study is tourists who stayed in Varamin city Ecolodges. Since there are no official statistics of these tourists, the statistical population is unclear, and to determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used to determine the uncertain population with a confidence level of 95%, the number of estimated samples was considered 160 and questionnaires were randomly assigned among tourists. The criterion of selection were four tourist target villages which were selected due to the existence of ecotourism accommodation within the target villages. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts and reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistical methods such as mean of answers, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and factor analysis were used.

Factor analysis has been used in order to categorize the factors affecting the analysis of tourists' attitude towards accommodation in the rural ecotourism residences of Varamin city. The result of Bartlett's test is (224 / 522) which is significant at the error level of less than 0.04 and shows that the correlation matrix between the items is not the same and the same matrix and on the one hand there is a high correlation between the items within each factor and on the other hand No correlation can be observed between some items and other factors. In this research, rotation and remax have been used to obtain significant factors. Therefore, ten factors can be made from the total of 20 items. These 10 factors explain 60.255% of the total variance of 20 items.

The obtained results about the physical status of the residences indicate a positive attitude of tourists towards ecolodges. Regarding the location and accessibility component، the results showed that the attitude of tourists towards the location of tourists was positive with an average of (3.16). Also، the results of Friedman test showed that being away from the noise of the city was an important feature which with a score of (3.37) was the first priority of tourists in this regard. This is true of the world and the Gospel of Revelation. The results of the study showed that tourists generally had no positive attitude toward providing services in ecolodges and the average obtained (2.45) of the total response median was less than the median of the total responses. Another component of this study was education and experience, which showed that tourists had a positive attitude toward acquiring education, learning and experience in such accommodations and Friedman test results showed that the possibility of direct experience of the local people's lifestyle with an average of 3.44 had the highest score. The overall results of the study showed that the tourism resort sector is not in a good position in terms of the quality of services, so it is necessary to monitor these residences and help to improve the quality of services in these residences by providing financial assistance and low interest loans.

Today, peri urban villages have many opportunities, constraints, opportunities and challenges due to the spatial proximity and spatial-physical dependence to the city which these factors are not so severe in other villages. Establishment around the city and the use of appropriate communication networks will allow the use of urban infrastructure and services in the economic and cultural-social fields for these villages. Job vacancies, mainly in the service sector, provide a source of income and work for villagers located around towns, so that a group of these villages have found a "dormitory" function. The set of these factors makes the living conditions, or, in other words, the viability of the urban villages, have a unique and status. The purpose of this research is to identify the key factors affecting the livability of peri urban villages from the people’s and local manager’s point of view and a comparative study of the attitudes of the two groups. The study area in this study is peri urban villages in Varamin Township. Awareness of the extent of the differences between the attitudes of people living in villages with the existing attitudes of Dehyars as local government custodians in villages can provide a clear vision for recognizing the priorities of people and authorities and bringing them closer to the extent possible.
Methods and Material: The research methodology in this study. With respet to the nature and objectives of the topic "Explanation the livability of peri urban villages” and in relation to the research hypothesis test, is descriptive-analytical method. In this research, Cochran method is used for sampling. The statistical population of this research is households living in peri urban villages in Varamin Township. Based on the number of households in these villages, 400 rural household questionnaires completed and their results were entered into SPSS software. What has always been considered in this research is attention to the criteria that have been specific and cause differentiation of peri urban villages from other villages in the study area. The method of data collection according to the nature of the study was in both library and field, and according to the necessity in each stage of the research, either of these two methods or both have been used.

The results of employment and income, housing, public transportation and infrastructure services from the viewpoint of tenants indicate a significant difference between the economic criteria and the average of the items. Economically, the difference between the views of the people and local managers is very slight and deniable. The results of the social criteria of public education, health, participation and solidarity, continuity and sense of place, personal and social security, recreation and leisure indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items. But the findings indicate a significant difference between the average level of social criteria and Dehyars viewpoint. The environmental dimension of habitat includes three criteria for green and open spaces, pollution and landscape. The findings indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items. But the findings indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items from the viewpoint of the tenants. From the perspective of the environmental capability of living in peri urban villages, as well as the economic criterion, there is no significant difference between people and local management, which reflects the depth and breadth of the environmental problems of villages.

Dehayari, as the main organization of rural management in Iran, plays an important role in providing public services and organizing rural life Whether rural dwellers have different views from people on the livability of villages may not be a big problem in their own right, it can be a warning sign for institutions and oversight bodies to continuously evaluate the performance of their tasks in carrying out their duties. Peri urban villages are the backyard of urban perpetrators because of their proximity to cities, and they host a lot of urban problems. Those Dehraris which conduct surveys and awareness of villager's views and tendencies toward their performance, they become acquainted with issues and problems and can work to solve or reduce these issues. Without continuous knowledge of the extent to which progress is being made and the achievement of goals, and without identifying the challenges faced by the local management and gaining feedback, and being aware of the extent to which policies are being implemented and identifying those areas that require serious improvement, continuous improvement will not be possible.

In the last few decades, in development context and literature, order to, life satisfaction among the key indexes is studied to evaluate the welfare of the society and the developing level of it. detachable from people’s life. Housing is one of the effective factors in life quality. Quality of life is a complex and multi-dimensional concept. Some interpret it as public welfare, social welbings, happiness, satisfaction and so on. The concept of satisfaction from house has attracted many attentions. Among the inter field satisfaction and evaluation people’s satisfaction from housing makes the custodians of this fact to prepare the development of housing projects. in order to evaluate house, a suitable factor is satisfaction concept and this points must be paid attention to the fact that in people’s satisfaction discussion knowing that why some families in comparison with other families are not satisfied with their house. This is an important issue.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK : It is thought that satisfaction difference of the house (real house and expected house) is depended upon house condition and neighborhood location. According to the previous studies and literatures, for house satisfaction, there are 3 theories: 1) House Needs Theory, 2) Lack of House Theory, 3) Mental Structure Theory.
House Needs theory means having or lack of satisfaction from house in life cycle. “Lack of House “theory means satisfaction or lack of it from house itself and “Mental Structure “theory means providing a condition between needs and requirements for each aspect of house. In most experimental studies in house satisfaction, all 3 theories are used. In a group of these researches, individual’s social aspect and also understanding house condition is studied.
In general approach the present study from gathering data point of view is based on library-documentary information and field survey. One of the main sources of reaching rural house factors is the documents of a country which the most important of them is basic rules, 4th and 5th development plan, and Islamic Republic Housing Foundation and house making ministry. Based on this, 23 factors like Figure number 2 are identified and the relevant info of the factors is gathered. Statistic society is 78 villages in Tehran’s desert territory. To determine the sample size about 50% of the villages equal to 40 villages were chosen randomly. Then by the use of Cochran formula, probable accuracy 5% and variance 0.25 equal to 400 households was reached. Finally based on “probability proportional to size the random sample in each of the sample villages was calculated and in them the questionnaires were completed
The process of VIKOR model is as following: A) Imagine we have m alternatives and n criterions.
B) Determining the best and the worst quantity for the entire standard (Functions): C) Determining weight and the importance of qualifications: D) Calculating alternatives’ distance from the ideal solution and finally adding them up for final value as
E) Calculating VIKOR quantity Qi
So when v is bigger than 0/5, Qi indexed will lead to agreed majority and when it is smaller than 0/5, Qi index shows the negative majority vision. In general, when v equals to 0/5, it shows the agreementary vision of the evaluating experts.
The results showed that in rural areas of Varamin’s country about housing satisfaction are in different level. 31 villages have very little satisfaction, 8 villages have low satisfaction and just 1 village has very much satisfaction. The results of the present study in accordance with low level of housing satisfaction equals to Rafieian, Asgari and Asgarizadeh, Shayan, Taghilou and Khosrobeigi, Jamshidi and Jamini findings.
Toghan’s village with rank 1 and very much satisfaction level is at the top and Hosein abad kashani village with very little satisfaction rate has the lowest rank. Villages from level of satisfaction point of view were similar and they don’t have very much with in common each other. But placing 30 villages out of 40 case study villages with very low satisfaction level show that satisfaction level in the area’s case study households is very lower than average. Although different satisfaction level can have effect from different issues in case study villages but in general what must be paid attention to is that if this issue is not studied and ignored when time passes leads to social – economical unbalancing in households and leads to immigration of most villages to cities to access facilities and welfare and this matter because of Varamin’s country location near Tehran metropolitan city as the capital and leads to conflicts in villages as origin and cities as destination.

To improve the quality of services provided by organizations responsible for rural services, they need to be assessed by rural residentes. The user satisfaction level of Housing Foundation services was measured by the SERVQUAL scale. This model compares customer's expectations and perceptions by five dimensions; tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. In this descriptive-analytical study, the gap between expected and perceived services was assessed by the above mentioned model. Using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling, 384 households were randomely selected from 12 villages in the study areas. Findings showed that the tangible services quality dimension in the villages has not improved. In other words, the villagers did not feel any changes in this feild. However, with regard to other dimentions, some improvement was found in the villages. According to this, there is still a gap between the quality of the provided services and expectations of the rural residents. Because, services provided by the Housing Foundation only improved the condition of the surveyed villages than in the past; and failed to satsify the villagers. Assessing the quality of construction services for rural residents of two villages called Vali Abad and South Pazoki indicated the gap between the overall quality of services provided and the expectations of the target group. This gap was observed in all five dimensions of SERVQUAL scale. Thus, pay attention to villagers’ viwes and demands in designing programs and policies serving to improve the quality of the provided services is recommended.

The peri-urban villages are scenes of the formation, growth, and the continuity of opportunities and threats affecting the environmental quality and the way of supplying the needs of residents. Thus, assessing the livability of these villages as a new concept is of great importance in the literature of settlement planning. The study areas in this study include the peri-urban villages in the city of Varamin and in the vicinity of four cities in this region. What is considered in this study is the individual variables affecting the perception of livability in the peri-urban villages of Varamin located in Tehran Metropolis.
Theoretical Framework: Livability is a concept related to the number of concepts and terms such as sustainability, quality of environment, healthy communities, etc. Although definitions vary in different communities, the defined objectives of planning should be used to create native standards for livability. Livability is often used for defining the different dimensions of community and common experiences; it is usually focused on human experiences of place within the specified time and place. In addition, livability as a concept can be expanded or limited depending on the context in which it is defined. However, life quality is often at the center of attention in this concept and includes a wide range of measurable indicators with proven components including density, transportation, security, and sustainability. Livability, however, is an interconnected concept derived from the economic, environmental and social concepts, which aims at preventing its one dimensional and reductive state. Therefore, there should be a network of relationships between various domains in terms of livability standards. Vergunst (2003) introduced a framework for livability in Aspinge rural area in Sweden. In this context, the livability is a product of interaction between local residents, community life, service level, physical location, and local economy. Local population, demographic structure (age and gender), and lifestyle are among important factors in this regard. Service level refers to communications services, schools, stores, and homes for the elderly.
Research method used in the study is analytical-descriptive. Indicators and indexes of livability in urban and rural settlements extracted and then complete with the conditions in the per-urban villages. In this study, Cochran method for sampling is used. Based on the number of resident families living in these villages, 380 people were selected. To increase the accuracy of the results, 400 questionnaires were designed, distributed, and completed. , Meanwhile, some experts were consulted with to assess the validity of the questionnaire. As for But for reliability of the 30 questionnaire provided and distributed between the residents in four rural villages in the vicinity of each of the cities and towns in the cities of Varamin, Qarchak,, Pishva and Javadabad. To measure the reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha obtained in this study was 0.955.
The relationship between individual characteristics and livability indices has been studied in this study as the main dependent variable. Thus, Phi and Cramer's correlation method was used to explore the variable of education with a ordinal scale, the variables of age and the duration of residence in the village with an interval scale, and also the variables of gander and occupation with a nominal scale. There is no significant relationship between the variable of gender with any of the indicators except for entertainment and leisure time; however, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variable of occupation in the individuals in charge and the indicators of public transport and green and open spaces. Of all education levels of respondents with no livability indicators, there is no statistically significant relationship. Finally, there is a relationship between the duration of residence in the village and the indicators of employment, income, and the sense of continuity and belonging to the place and its landscape. No relationship was found between the age, education, and livability in the villages under study. In fact, people of different ages and with different levels of education have the same attitudes towards the environmental needs, which can bring about positive aspects of the issue. This is due to the fact that the difference in attitudes between people of different ages in these villages is low, whereas low-literate and illiterate people are also aware of their civil rights and their attitudes do not show any significant differences with the attitudes of people with higher education and/or university education.
It is a general assumption that per-urban villages provide more appropriate and desirable levels of livability for their residents due to the special geographical locations; however, the results of the study indicate that the situation in per-urban villages of Varamin is quite different.

Theory of livability first time was formed on the Abraham Maslow''s work (1945) on human needs. Based on that، people first try to resolve their basic needs and then needs of the higher layers. Physiological needs are basic human needs in his life Such as air، food، water، warmth، sleep، health and sexual satisfaction. Livability have been accepted and appreciated by both residents and planners to create sustainable living spaces، practical and enjoyable work. More livable settlements، creates a greater sense of community ownership and lower rates of immigration. This section examines the impact of access to services on the livability of the villages we studied. Thus Scalogram and Morris methods are used which are approaches to graded levels of rural services and rural development. To determine the relationship between level of service and rural livability، the Pearson correlation method were used. Correlation coefficient has been established between livability score for each village and development of services in the Morris method. There is no statistical relationship between the two. This correlation between each livability dimension was measured by having the service have been measured. No significant relationship observes between the dimensions and having services.

Livability is a concept connected with the number of concepts and terms such as sustainability, quality of environment, healthy communities, etc. Although definitions are varied in different communities, defined objectives of planning should be used for creating standard native definition for livability. It is often used for defining the dimensions of community and Common experiences. It is usually focused on human experiences of place within the specified time and place. In addition, livability as a concept could be within (expanded/limited) context in which it is defined. However, the concept of life quality is often under spotlight of this concept and includes a wide range of measurable indicators with proven components such as density, transportation, security and sustainability. Livability, however, is the concept of interconnection of economical, environmental and social forms and always one dimensional and reductive measure to prevent it. There should be a network of relationships between various domains related to livability standards. Vergunst (2003) introduced a framework for livability in Aspinge rural area in Sweden. In this context, the livability is a product of interaction between local residents, community life, service level, physical location and local economy. Local population, (the number of), demographic structure (age and gender), and lifestyle are among important factors in this regard. Service level refers to communications services, schools, homes for the elderly and stores. Local economy shows the zeitgeist and power of place in creating jobs and incomes; and physical location describes the buildings and the landscape. Like other townships in the Tehran metropolitan region, Varamin has experienced peri urban phenomena (with their effects such as accelerated environmental degradation, unplanned and changing land-uses, severe shortage of services and lacking responsiveness) and the villages surrounding the town (is settlement of lower income groups - the group suffer from negative effects from neighboring towns and villages).