جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شورای شهر » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The ever-increasing population of cities has created many problems for city management. Solving these problems has become a big challenge for urban management. Scientific and research centers and international organizations have introduced the approach of "good urban governance" as the most effective, least costly, and most sustainable method of urban management. Urban governance is a process formed based on the interaction between the official organizations and institutions of the city administration on the one hand, and non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations on the other. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of good governance in the urban management of Maku City by examining the indicators of good urban governance.

 The research method is descriptive-analytical and is of a functional type. The statistical population of this study includes two groups of citizens and experts (municipality and city council). Statistical tests using mean comparison (T-test and ANOVA) were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire.  

 The findings of this study are significant. From the citizens' viewpoint, all the indicators of good urban governance are at a low level. However, experts believe that only the participation index is low. Furthermore, all neighborhoods of Maku city are at a low level in terms of good urban governance, with significant differences observed in three indicators: rule of law, justice index, and strategic insight index. In summary, this study's results underscore the urgent need to improve the realization of good urban governance in Maku city.

Innovation: 

This research stands out from previous studies as it comprehensively examines eight indicators of good urban governance, both from the perspective of citizens and experts. The findings of this unique approach can be instrumental in various planning initiatives, particularly those that prioritize the decentralization of the urban management process.

Promotion of villages to cities at the center of the settlement of nomads and villagers have shaped a particular type of city in contemporary Iran. These cities have become the destination for nomadic and rural migration from the surrounding areas and with features such as rapid population growth, the weakness of political culture and social-spatial segregation, they have been caught up in a cycle of inefficiencies in urban management. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present paper is the pathology of urban management in the ethnic city.

Current paper is analytical–descriptive according to nature. Requirement data and information were gathered by documentary and field methods. The population of the study consisted of citizens of Nourabad city and urban planners and specialists including municipality staffs, mayors and counselors of Nourabad municipality. According to Cochran''''s formula and financial and time constraints of the research, the sample size of the study consisted of 200 citizens and 60 urban management experts in the city of Nourabad.

The results of T-test indicate that, in terms of local residents, two factors of ethnicity and religious affiliation are significantly the most important factors affecting the way citizens choose the council members. In addition, according to respondents, lobbying and ethnicity were the most important measures in selecting the mayors. Citizens'''' satisfaction with the performance of Islamic councils in Nourabad city was at a low level and more than 68% of respondents expressed their dissatisfaction with the performance of the councils. The analysis of the opinions of mayors, counselors and employees of the municipality indicates that members of the city council interfere in the municipal administration in various ways, such as installing and disposing of personnel, interfering in the choice of the contractor, directing development projects to particular parts of the city.

In a feedback process, the council derived from the socio-spatial structure based on ethnicity has led to the choice of the mayor on the basis of individual and ethnic interests and thereby, through interference with the municipal administration, has provided the ground for the inefficiency of urban management.

Today, the relationship between urban management and citizenship is one of the most important issues discussed in the field of urban management. Cities are the residential centers which require human forces at political and social area to play multiple roles. Assigning roles to various people at urban area including government, public, civil and social organizations create mutual commitments for the citizens and administrators to meet the civil rights at national and local level. City councils are the civil organizations of the government, the task of which is to meet the civil rights at city and state level. Accordingly, the present study examines and analyzes the performance of city councils to meet civil rights. This is an applied descriptiveanalytical study. Data were collected based on document and filed-based survey method using a questionnaire. Population of the study included 150 of employees working at city councils and 384 of citizens at Tehran. SPSS software was used to perform descriptive and inferential statistics applying t-test and correlational regression. Findings of the study indicated that citizens rated the performance of city councils as low due to lack of proper monitoring mechanisms on civil affairs and civil rights. Results of correlation using regression indicated that the performance of civil council had the highest effect on social rights, civil rights (negative and reverse) and finally political rights (positive) among other civil right factors. Therefore, providing proper mechanism to meet the aforementioned factors at city councils of Tehran would contribute to better role playing of the organization to meet the civil rights of the citizens and improve the life quality of citizens at Tehran.

City councils always played a major role in improve the quality of citizen life. This study which evaluated the performance of Sardasht city Council has been done with descriptive-analytical and according to survey and library data. Proven method assumptions in this study citing on data from the questionnaires have been analyzed. Statistical population includes two groups. First was in urban experts and second was the citizen of the Sardasht city. For determining the sample size for the group of residents Cochran's formula was used. Which sample size was 384 that was completed by random and stratified distributed. But for sample of experts we used snowball method which the number of experts samples in this study reached 15 cases. KS test was used in analyzing the data in order to determine the normal distribution of scores and use one-sample T-test and Binominal test to evaluate the performance of the city Council Sardasht and Also Mann–Whitney U test and independent T to compare the views of citizens group and experts group. The results of this study indicated that economic performance of the city council of Sardasht was not good. Of course the social function was better than economic performance and is investigated beyond acceptable medium. However, the best performing of city council of Sardasht is cultural performance that this value is 3/89.

The function and the authority of a local government is in the area that is directly related to the people of that particular area. Since decision making about the citizens requires specialization, local decision makers should have certain qualifications and expertise in order to be be effective. Otherwise they will be dysfunctional and the area under their jurisdiction will face serious problems.The results of this study show that lack of specialization among city council members will negatively affect the council’s function. This study has analyzed the relationship between specialization and the effectiveness of city council members in the past four terms, since it was first established. This is a descriptive and analytical study. It’s descriptive because it examines specialization between the city council members and it’s analytical because it has analyzed the information based on findings of library and field research. The method for data collection is field research and library research.

City councils together with village councils are the base councils for high-ranked councils. There are a great number of shortcomings and defeciencies for the function of city councils at local government level. One of such problems is the performance of the administrative decentralization principle in the city council. The principle which its performance is relevant with the governing political system. The present article has studied the pathology of the city council relation with the political system. Definition of the features for administrative decentralization. The dominant view point in pathology study is the relationship of the city council with the political system. This study, from the objective point of view is a functional type and from the nature and method is a descriptive- analytical one. The ordinary laws of the city council, implementation by laws of the city council and other high-ranked laws and plans were analyzed. Based on the research findings, city council is faced with some problem in 5(five) dimensions as the following: (1) the legal position of the city council in the constitution and the laws for developmental plans of the country, (2)) elections of the city council members, cancellation of membership and dissolution of city council, (3) legal personality of city councils, (4) budget and financial resources of the city council-Municipality, (5) the authorities and independence of city councils in relation with the state organizations and offices is weak. The ambigious and unclear view of the Constitution to ward the Islamic councils in general and city council as particular has caused different interpretations based on the time and existing conditions about the position of city councils. The unclear approach of the Constitution and the interpretation of high ranked foundations and the votes of legal and judicial foundations had a negative effect on the principles of city council decentralization.

The results of analyzing the good urban governance in this survey showed that kashmar city council couldn’t take confirmation score from transparency, publicity, Role Of Law and efficiency and effectiveness and it’s Function is not in a proper level. Except in responsibility it’s function was realtively positive. So in general, city council of kashmar didn’t act success fully for affordability of good urban governance. Therefore basic hypothesis of this study that was predicted would be affordable via mutual cooperation of Islamic city council, government and people, at least was rejected in the case study. This out come leads us to an important approach that, the systems of administration in Iran depends on pattern of urban soverity not urban governance. So, according to principle of good urban governance like, efficiency and effectiveness, democracy, justice, responsibility and etc. It is essencial for citizens in both public & private parts and totally in the form of civil society, to enter in to decision making and administrating parts of affairs in cities. In this way below items should be considered: In stead of attention to state part in two axes of the government of minarity and the government of majority, and according to the features of Iran society and with consideration of dynamic & organic relation between government & other parts and making balance between them, the position of government should be defined. Its realm of activity should be reviewed. - The position of councils in managerial system of country should be determined and re defined.- More authority Should given to municipals and Islamic councils of cities for planning and developing urban management.- Effort for developing civil organization and paving the road for more public participation.

Participation, as the key element in achieving development goals especially civic development, has considerable importance. When people have much more participation in affairs, it is more possible to be successful. In these societies, low and deprivated class of society will benefit from participation results and its advantages. From the other hand, these days, participation is not a choice for citizens but a necessity. It is a necessity which leads to sustainable civic development. There are many influential factors in people’s participation in civic affairs considered in this paper. Therefore, aim of this paper is to study effects of civic institutions on civilians’ participation in affairs.These days citizen’s participation in urban affairs is not a choice. It is a necessity that can lead to sustainable development. In Iran’s society, the need for participation is considerable since that developing and industrial societies have been faced with pervasive phenomenon such as urbanization and population growth during a hundred years ago. So in Urban management there is an essential problem that is human empowerment, reduction of urban problems and development of Iranian’ society during the transition from traditional to modern society that leads to optimal utilization of existing capabilities and talents of citizens in participatory programs. The metropolises of country such as Isfahan metropolitan increased the human needs and urban environmental problems in a vast area. Some cases such as observing traffic, paying attention to green space, corporation with municipalities about construction, collecting garbage and the other serious problems are symbols of cases that Urban managers have been facing with them from theorists point of view, there are many influential factors that affects people’s participation in Urban affaires. Here we try to study the urban organizations’ effect on citizen’s participation in urban affairs.