جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عوامل اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Violent crimes have fatal effects on the social life of society and incur irreparable costs. Compared to other crimes, these types of crimes have more destructive and severe consequences and challenge social order and cohesion more strongly. Various economic and social factors are effective in the occurrence of such crimes. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of these factors on the occurrence of violent crimes in Central Province in the last ten years. In this research, we have used a quantitative method (with a secondary analysis approach). The statistical population of this research includes economic and social data and data of some violent crimes in the two cities of Arak and Saveh, and the whole number sampling method was used to collect data. Dynamic panel data model and ordinary least squares method are used to estimate the effect of socio-economic factors on violent crimes in Central Province, during the period of 2012 to 2014. The research results indicate that the increase in unemployment rate, consumer price index, Gini coefficient and population has a positive and significant (direct) impact on violent crimes in Central Province. Meanwhile, increasing education has a (direct) negative and significant impact on violent crimes in Central Province.

The Covid-19 pandemic, the outbreak of which is attributed to Wuhan, China, has had severe effects worldwide on all industries, including the tourism industry. Sample tourism areas are one of the most important spaces that attract tourists and travelers in our country, which are established and managed by the non-governmental sector in order to provide services to tourists. The administrations of 50 exemplary tourism regions, Kermanshah province, as one of the potential provinces, are active in attracting tourists and providing services to them. It is one of the typical tourist areas of Kermanshah province, Sarab Ravansar, which is situated on Mount Shaho due to its beautiful landscape. Also, being in the vicinity of the central communication axis between cities, and a short distance from the border bazaar, this city, welcomes many tourists and travelers throughout the year. During the pandemic, the significant effects of Covid-19 have been accepted by the activists located in the area of this tourist attraction, like other tourist spots. Examining it can, while clarifying the dimensions of the impact of the pandemic on tourism activists, provide the necessary background and platform for future planning in the face of similar crises. Therefore, the central question of the current research is:-What are the most important socio-economic effects of Covid-19 on the active beneficiaries in the sample tourism area of Sarab Ravansar?

In terms of approach, the current research is a quantitative study based on the objective of applied type, and in terms of nature, it is a part of descriptive-analytical studies. In this research, a library method has been exerted in theoretical foundations, and a survey method to collect information related to the studied society. The statistical population of this research includes all households in Ravansar city that engage in service-economic activities in Sarab Ravansar. In this study, to obtain a suitable sample and fit the study's objectives, the available simple random sampling method was used to determine the number of samples of the Cochrane relationship.The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire that is taken from the studies of Rabiei and Tak Roostai (2020), Afzali and Zare Mehrjardi (2020), Askari Sawadjani et al. 2021, Pazukinejad et al. (2021) and in three parts, it includes questions about the personal and social characteristics of the respondents, including age, gender, education, occupation, etc. The second part includes items in the field of anxiety caused by Covid-19. The third part included items on economic effects, and the fourth part was also on the social effects of Covid-19 on tourism in the studied area. Related software such as SPSS and Smart PLS have been used in this study for data analysis.

Based on the results of the t statistic related to the studied indicators, it was observed that the extracted t coefficient was positive and significant for the indicators of concern about financial issues (t = 5.83), concern about closure, or disruption of activity. related things (t = 5.35), stress caused by thinking about Covid-19 (t = 7.9) and fear of being infected with Covid-19 (t = 3.48). This situation shows that the average of the mentioned indicators among the studied people is greater than the theoretical average (3). Also, the positivity of the two upper and lower limits related to the total index indicates the significance of the difference between the mean of the variable in question and the theoretical mean. On the other hand, based on the obtained results, considering the index of concern about the transmission of the virus to others (t = -3.32), the t coefficient was negative and significant. Therefore, it can be said that the theoretical mean (3) of the mean This index has been larger. In other words, as it was said in the first part, the studied people were not worried about the transmission of the virus by themselves to others.Based on the results obtained from the structural equation model, the variable of anxiety caused by Covid-19 has a significant effect on the variables in question, so that it has a significant effect on the economic (with an influence coefficient of 0.383) and social factors (with an influence coefficient of 0.509). have been. Also, the variable of economic factors affected by the Covid-19 has also had a significant effect on social factors with a coefficient of 0.137.

The social factors examined in this study include the three indicators of business, education and family domains. It showed that the initial results of the investigation of indicators related to social factors affected by Covid-19 were positive and significant, the t coefficient extracted for the indicators of the family domain (t = 4.96), the education domain (t = 3.06) and the business domain and work (t = 4.01). Based on this, it can be said that from the point of view of the studied people, Covid-19 had an effect on social indicators, and this was confirmed based on the structural model. So that the results of the model showed that the anxiety of Covid-19 (the effect of Covid-19) had a significant effect on social factors (with an influence coefficient of 0.509). Although the effect of Covid-19 on social spheres such as economic issues is not clear and direct, and even in some studies it is mentioned that these effects are not well known, but the effects of Covid-19, which include the implementation of quarantine, distancing social issues and even anxiety from Covid-19 have caused the closure or partial closure of many jobs and businesses in the studied area, which has affected family and educational relationships and even social interactions due to their jobs. The result obtained in the field of social effects caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is consistent with the results of Imani Jajermi's study (2019), Abbas et al. (2021), Suliko et al. (2021), Sah et al. (2020).

In most of the old cities of Iran, the tissues with historical value are seen in abundance, which are recognized by various characteristics such as smallness, access problems and instability. Taking into account problems such as negative population growth, lack of access within the necessary neighborhoods, and the ever-increasing expansion of space is therefore important. In ruined and abandoned tissues, not having the necessary facilities, action should be taken to solve these problems. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effects of social, economic and physical factors on the regeneration of the neighborhoods of the central fabric of Kashan city (including seven neighborhoods) and the descriptive, analytical research method and the desired information was collected in the form of a survey. There were about 44,000 people in the area. The size of the research sample was estimated to be 385 people using Cochran's formula. SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the research data. The findings of the research showed that access to services and facilities, identity and social capital, housing ownership, and income were factors influencing the regeneration of dilapidated structures, and in the neighborhoods of Soltan Mirahamd and Darb of Esfahan, which enjoyed the mentioned privileges, residents were more inclined to re-create dilapidated structures.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the background and social factors affecting urban tourism.

In terms of implementation method, it is descriptive, survey type, and in terms of practical purpose. First, by studying and examining the theoretical foundations in the desired area and through semi-structured interviews and important, practical and influential factors, a questionnaire was developed using the Delphi method. The method of data collection in this research was field type and based on the structural model with Amos software. The participants in the first stage were 82 senior managers (specialists) and in the second stage 479 sports tourists of Tehran province. To identify the dimensions of sports tourism, to identify the dimensions of market segmentation based on the tourism approach and to identify the underlying dimensions based on the tourism approach in Tehran (as partial objectives), the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis was used.

The number of three dimensions, physical, social and contextual, and 156 items were obtained. The results of the Kolmogorov Smirnov test are given. The significance value of This test for all variables is more than 0.05. Correlation between social dimensions (components) with sports tourism structure is significant for all dimensions . The degree of correlation is significant and strong for all dimensions and has been obtained from at least 0.64 for facilities and services to 0.9 for tourist attractions.Discussion and

Sports and sports activities are considered as an important thing to attract tourists. Sports tourism provides the possibility of optimal use of natural and sports attractions to attract sports tourists and thus increase the income from tourism. Conducting further research is developed.

In order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years, the economic and social challenging factors of the country's eastern borders will be identified in the horizon of 2025 and then probable and related scenarios will be drawn. In terms of its objectives, this study is of an applied research type and in terms of data collection it is considered descriptive-analytical. According to the future research approach, the statistical population of the research is in the form of a panel of experts. The number of experts based on the panel method is 15 individuals. In order to analyze the findings of the research, cross-matrix future research and scenario writing methods were employed using Mic Mac and Scenario Wizard software. The findings indicate that 7 economic and social scenarios with compatibility and high score are facing the future of the eastern borders of the country in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, among which 1 is very strong and likely and 6 are weak scenarios. Based on the results of the research, 5 variables of development, poverty, unemployment, construction of border terminals, and drug trafficking were obtained in the state of continuation of the existing trend, and this confirms that the status of the continuation of the current trend for the 5 variables mentioned in the time horizon of 2025 is probable. However, the human trafficking variable was obtained with the increase in human trafficking and it confirms that the increase in human trafficking from the eastern borders is likely in the time horizon of 2025.

Cities have been competing with each other since its inception, with increasing urbanization and the complexity of the urban system. In an age that we call the age of knowledge and economics as a knowledge-based economy and global competition, we see intense competition between countries at the international level and cities at the national level. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of competitiveness components on the promotion of urban knowledge-based economy in Kerman.The research method in this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Most of the data are based on field studies and questionnaires from 30 experts in the field of urban planning in the region. Findings of the study based on the method of Analysis Hierarchi Procces(AHP) show that between the indicators related to economic factors and indicators related to social factors, the coefficient of economic factors including: "economic performance", "economic structure and capacity", "technology transformation" "Information gathering", "Economic transformation", "Space transformation" and "Marketing" with a rate of 59.5% have the greatest impact on social factors including: "human resources", "quality of life", "level of urban development", "performance "Government" and "Environmental Performance" account for 40.5% of the total final weight. And among the 11 economic and social components of competitiveness affecting the formation of urban knowledge-based economy, economic structure and capacity and economic performance with 12 and 10.5, respectively, the formation of knowledge-based economy have the highest impact factor. Therefore, in order to achieve comprehensive development, the city of Kerman needs effective attention to economic factors, because the most effective drivers of social factors are the most effective drivers in the formation and promotion of knowledge-based economy in the city of Kerman.

Migration is a continuous process that has been the subject of political debate worldwide. Migration is considered as the movement of people from one geographic region to another, which may be on temporary or permanent basis. The statistic population of this research consisted of 165 migrant households head villages with more than 20 households of central district of Boyar-Ahmad County were determined using random sampling and Morgan table and a structured and researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its validity was confirmed by expert professors after some modifications. To determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used, which was estimated between 0.715 and 0.819, indicating the optimization of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed and the findings suggest that social factors are the first priority of immigrants and among the social factors, easier access to offices and government institutions and less attention of officials to the problems of rural are more important than others. The results showed that social factors were the first priority of immigrants and among the social factors, easier access to offices and government institutions and less attention of officials to the problems of rural were more important than others And the economic factor was at the next level. Among the economic factors, lack of jobs in the village and low income in the village were of higher importance and the infrastructure factors was in the last rank of Factors Affecting the Immigration of the Village-City of the Central District of Boyar-Ahmad County.

Explaining the social, cultural and economic factors of reverse migration from city to village (Case study: Sarpol-e Zahab city) Reverse migration is a process that includes three stages of birth and life in the village, migration to the city and living there and then, returning to the village. The purpose of this study is social, cultural and economic factors of reverse migration from urban to rural areas. The present study is considered as a descriptive correlational study according to the applied purpose and according to the data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes households with reverse migration from city to village in Sarpol-e-Zahab city, using Cochran's formula, 406 people were selected as the sample size. In this study, quota sampling method was used to select the sample. To analyze the data, two descriptive sections (center orientation and dispersion indices) and inferential indices (correlation and regression) were used using SPSS and AMOS software. The results show that unity and empathy (r = 0.70), educational facilities (r = 0.34), tourist attractions (r = 0.74), new communication technologies (r = 0.69) There is a positive and significant relationship between access to resources (r = 0.75), infrastructure development (r = 0.78) and reverse migration from urban to rural areas.

The most important center of dust production in Isfahan province is Segzi-Rudasht center. This center with an area of 801520 hectares is located in the east of the historical city of Isfahan. Despite the great economic potential, the study area is in a state of imbalance due to drought, reduction of agricultural activities, lack of employment processes and consequently unemployment and lack of demand for labor, which is due to the imbalance in the coming years. Reducing water resources and increasing particulate matter become more critical. Creating and spreading dust in the east of Isfahan. This research is a survey research and questionnaires were designed to achieve the research objectives appropriate to the statistical population of the project. In addition, observational interview methods were used to obtain more information. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed by a panel of experts using the opinions of experts in natural resources and desertification, and the reliability was assessed through a pilot study by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient.In order to analyze the data and information from different methods of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis such as pca factor analysis (factor analysis), The results show that determining the degree of importance of each factor indicates the great importance of water and agriculture factors in intensifying desertification and the occurrence of fine dust in the Segzi-Rudasht pilot. There are social factors and finally development and technological factors. The extent of economic damage is only part of the enormous damage that this phenomenon has done to the system of research scope

Protection of natural resources such as forest, grassland is essential and should with all emprise. With regard to sustainable tourism can be a good tool to create the appropriate fields of economy such as income and employment, and can be relied on natural tourism. This study aimed to examine the positive and negative effects of tourism and Eco-tourism development on the conservation status of the watershed. The watershed covers an area of 14102 hectares in the basin of Northern Alborz (49) is located in the southern heights Chamestan section. The study population of indigenous people, tourists and the sample size was determined based on the formula 220. For this purpose, after field studies 3 3 questionnaire on the level of experts, locals and tourists on a Likert scale was prepared, sampling methods in this study was based on random sampling. Variables using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficients were analyzed. The results showed that the success of tourism projects and partnerships between local residents and tourism projects and improve the livelihood of the residents of the study area.

Sustainable development is one of the concepts which is closely related to the lifestyles of the people in society and from an objective prospective it is more related to the enhancement of living standards through preparing ideal and optimal conditions in nutrition, hygiene, occupation, education and spending free times. And this topic is more important in the border regions,Because the border areas are politically and technically demanding, they need a demographic and living community. It is also a great danger, in addition to the lack of sustainable development for national security, due to lack of sufficient facilities or inequality in distribution. Torbat-e-Jam city is not excluded from this rule because of geographical location. The current study investigated social justice and same influensive social and economical factors on it as an approach for the sustainable development of Torbat Jaam . Thus the present study based on survey approach determined effective variables on sustaianble development, the statistical population of this study are Torbat Jaam residents. 500 of them selected as a sample and from different parts of the town data gathered by means of questionnare proportionally. The reliability and the validity of the study determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. According to the findings, women more than men and married citizens more than single citizens influenced on sustainable development, thereafter, through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and calculating measurement errors other variables of the study influenced on sustainable development respectively (social justice 81%, social indices 44%, spatial justice 36%, poverty alleviation 33%, economical capital 27/0 %, social participation 25%, economical development 16%, social commitment 15%, social trust 15%). Though sustainable development was equal among different social economical and educational bases and these was no difference.

The plentiful problems of living in metropolitan areas, such as high living costs and high land and housing costs, mental and psychological pressures, environmental pollution and other repulsive factors, have led to many problems and have left room for residents and urban managers; therefore, the adoption of a decentralization policy The exit from the city of Tehran as the capital of the country is accepted and emphasized by experts and officials. This research is based on the studies and research carried out in this field with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the decision to leave and migrate residents of Tehran to other cities. The research was conducted by descriptive-analytic method and completed by a simple random sampling questionnaire among 384 households living in Tehran. This research was carried out in order to answer the existence of a significant relationship between factors such as environmental pollution, social issues, economic factors and the decision of residents of Tehran to leave the city. Using statistical methods and independent model of attributes, analyzing the data was done at two descriptive and inferential levels. And the results show that environmental pollution and social issues are effective in the decision of residents of Tehran to leave Tehran metropolis and economic factors do not have a meaningful relationship with this issue.

Since the main basis of human behavior is formed in accordance with his living environment, people would encounter sophisticated problems if they lack enough knowledge and strategies for their housing provision. Social factors are among the effective factors of livability of residential complexes; however the reduction of social interactions in such complexes is considered as a serious problem. The present study poses a main question: how does the architectural form influence the realization of social livability in residential complexes? Aseman Tabriz, Shahid Chamran and Imam residential complexes are chosen as case studies to answer this question. This study is a quantitative-qualitative research carried out by a descriptive-analytical method. The information is collected through documentary and field methods (i.e. observations, interviews and questionnaires). The sample of the present study included 300 people who were selected based on Cochran formula. Also, data analysis was completed using SPSS software version 20. The present paper studied and analyzed the relationships of effective components upon livability of residential complexes. The results suggest that the components of social capital and security have more impacts on the livability of residential complexes; and ultimately, the architectural body affects the social livability in residential complexes.

Drought, as a natural disaster, is a problem having been repeatedly encountered in the vast array of countries, in the past, having always left damages in various areas. The purpose of this study was to identify social factors caused by water scarcity and its effects in the studied region. The statistical population of the study consisted of 34786 households in the region. To determine the sample size, the Cochran formula was used, and according to the results, 461 samples were selected through random sampling, in 54 villages in the region. The data collection questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts. To determine the reliability of the research instrument, a pre-test was performed and the Cronbach's alpha was calculated equal to 0.813, then the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results of T-test confirmed the effects of agricultural water resources shortage, on social variables. Analysis of variance ANOVA also indicates a significant difference between villes, in terms of the social impacts of drought. Factor analysis has identified five factors (social ties, social associations, disturbance in relationships, calamity and eagerness) caused by droughts, and Friedman's test further illustrates the differences between these five factors.

The causes of poverty in rural areas and remedies for its treatment will definitely play a role in raising the level of welfare of villagers, population survival, environmental protection and ultimately realization of sustainable rural development. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and prioritize the causes of poverty in rural areas From the experts' point of view (case study of Sarshiyah section of Marivan city), the statistical population of this study is all the experts of Marivan city. Sample size In this research, 60 people who were selected using purpose of Cochran formula were selected. Data gathering tool in this research was a questionnaire. The researcher has made the narrative by Confirmation and reliability experts using Cronbach's alpha of 0.80. The results of the research showed that the economic, natural, social, political and physical factors were identified as factors affecting poverty in the Srijiwi Marivan section, as well as the results of Friedman statistics. Economic factors ranked first, and social, political, physical, and natural factors are in the next rank of factors affecting poverty.

Today slum refers to those areas of the city which are not necessarily situated at the corners of the city, but to those which are in margins from economic, social, cultural, and other urban life aspects, that has formed a settlement in which the least living-supplies of healthy water, electricity and gas, transportation system and a clean environment suffice their lives. This type of settlement is due to the asymmetry and commonality of features and conditions of living in the main parts of the city. And generally indicate the low level of living conditions in comparison with the average standards in the main city specifically, and also in living conditions in cities as a whole. On the other hand, informal settlement refers to the discordance of settlement with the approved regulations of governmental organizations and particularly of municipalities. Those areas which are situated outside the servicing scope of the general and governmental organizations such as electricity, gas, and telecommunications offices, along with municipalities accompany various phenomena such as urban poverty, poor housing, immigration from countryside to cities, environment pollution, unhealthy environments and etc.
In Iran, slum began in the 30s (solar calendar) with the immigration of village dwellers to the cities, and after a decade, it was prospered due to land reforms and economic-social policies of the day, a growing increase which has never stopped since. Slum or informal settlement in the outer parts of the cities is not just a physical notion but is an outcome of the macro structural factors in economic, social, cultural, and political aspects in a national or regional scope. The reasons for this phenomena vary which can differ from one place to another. Nevertheless immigration is one of the main reasons for slum settlements. It can simultaneously play two roles; it can be a solution to demographic crises. It leads the surplus population out of the region and accordingly the human power is directed where is needed most. It balances the structural asymmetries of population and by reducing the development imbalances in different regions result in the betterment of the status quo. And on the other hand, it might be possible that by immigration of the human power, the economic equilibrium between the source and destination community would be disturbed, and by having a community without any human power, it generates complex social and cultural situations; which all in all leads to a congested crowd overpopulating specific big cities and regions. In this way, it brings about problems in servicing and efficient regulation of issues and thus be regarded as a disturbing element of development and mutual understanding. The investigated region has been exposed to the crises of immigration and slum settlements recently, so much so that based on the population and housing census of 2006, population growth rate of Shahriar rose by a far distance from other cities to 8.7 percent. Thus, this research was conducted to investigate the elements of immigration and slum dwelling in Shahriar city. And it aims to answer these questions:1.How social, economic, and demographic factors influence the slum settlements of those who have migrated to this city?
2.How is the local dispersion in Shahriar?
On this basis, with the researches and investigations conducted at the outset of the study, district 2 was selected as a fit choice out of the three districts of 1, 2, and 3 which settled slums. Since all the locals were not slums in this specific districts, with proper investigation the slum areas were identified which had a high rate of immigration; with whom interviews were ran and questionnaires distributed. To this end, by following Cochran formula, 200 people were selected as samples through cluster random sampling out of the statistical community. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods such as central index, dispersion and inferential statistics like Chi-square, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were utilized.
The results of the study indicates that the slum in Shahriar are situated in the old and cheap sections of the three districts of 1, 2, and 3. Also, after a detailed examination it was proved that Shamloo local in district 2 is more suitable than the other ones. On the other hand, by investigating the economic factors (such as job opportunities and income) it was indicated that immigration is very important from the aspect of providing job opportunities. Secondly, social factors are more important in slum settlements issues. For instance, one can refer to urban and welfare facilities, educational facilities, health and recreation facilities are all social factors. On the other hand, those people who have migrated due to pursuing education, higher level of welfare, better facilities etc. are all below 30 years old. Based on the findings of this research, families were not significantly changed after immigration in comparison with the period before it, but it is a vital element in three membered families in times of immigration. All has been done to meet the financial needs of the family. Therefore, one can claim that most immigrations to slum areas have been due to economic and social deficiencies of the source society.

'Norm' is a Latin word and it means a principle or a rule which we refer to in actions, the word norm conceptually involves rules and principles which are required to guide and lead human behavior (Mooney, Konx & Schacht, 2,. 2000: 249). Regarding tourist attractions of Mazandaran province, the city which has attracted many tourists, is one of main tourists` destinations. Tourists who do not perpetually reside in destination communities sometimes it is assumed that they do not follow norms in the destination community.
The results of a number of domestic studies also indicate that there are increasing rate of crimes (Zahedi, 2006), crimes alongside with social deviance (Karimi, 2013), or social-cultural irregularities (Taghdisi et al., 2012; Ebrahimi, 2011) and use of drug and alcohol (Zia`ee & Torabian, 2010) in tourist seasons in some regions. Therefore the study aims at realizing the rate of faithfulness to norms within tourists of Mazandaran cities and understanding the point that what factors make tourists to follow social norms in the destination society.
Theoretical framework: In the social norms part as dependent variables, Elster theory is used to specify the concept of norm. Different aspects of norm such as consumption norms, anti-behavioral norms, reciprocal norms, companionship norms are taken into account as dependent variables. And in the second part we consider different factors which play role in actors following norms. In this study we extracted the hypothesis with this approach in a way that how an individual carries out a group`s wishes in following the social norms and how the group can force the individual to follow the norms.
Methodologically, for this subject with survey research and questionnaire the needed data were gathered out of 300 individuals of Mazandaran tourists who were chosen with the multiphase cluster sampling method. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire the face validity and to examine the validity Cronbach alpha were used. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data and collected information.
Discussion and findings:The comparison of the mean aspects of the norm indicates that the norm average of reciprocal action for women was 5.0 and for men was 4.9. There was a slight difference between men and women. There is no difference in the average of companionship norm of men and women. The average of consumption norm for women was 4.5 and for men was 4.3 which indicates a difference in this aspect. The average of anti-behavioral norm in women and men equals 4.2 and show no difference. Examining the average of men and women`s gained marks reveals that between the aspects of social norms (reciprocal norms, companionship norms, anti-behavioral norms) the difference in the gained marks of tourist men and women in faithfulness to social norms is not meaningful; but in the consumption norms, the average of gained marks of women (21.7) was higher than men`s (21.2); therefore, it can be said that the average of consumption norms of men and women has a meaningful difference. The hypothesis women are more faithful to the norms than men is confirmed regarding gained 0.003 meaningfulness level of gender and total social norms. Multiple correlation coefficient (R) is 0.458 which indicates the correlation and relation of five independent variables with dependent variable "social norm".
Coefficient of determination (R2) is also calculated 0.21 revealing that about 21 per cent of "social norm" changes are conducted by mentioned five variables and the rest 79 per cent relates to the other factors which are not examined in this study. Only the inter-group attitude panic variable among the five variables had no meaningful relationship with "social norm". Group commitment variables with standardized coefficient (0.24 of coefficient standardized), social correlation (0.17 of coefficient standardized), rationality (0.14 of coefficient standardized) and inter-group relationships (0.17 of coefficient standardize) are the strongest predictors of "social norm" respectively.
The first hypothesis claims that faithfulness to social norm is a positive function of inter-group relationships. This hypothesis is confirmed. This variable could predict 12 per cent of dependent variable changes alongside other variables. The second hypothesis claims that faithfulness to social norm is a positive function of social correlation which is confirmed regarding its meaningfulness level. This variable could specify 0.17 of dependent variable changes. The hypothesis number 3 believes faithfulness to norms is a positive function of social commitment which regarding the results this hypothesis is confirmed and is generalizable to statistical population. The results of regression model shows that regarding the measurement of this variable among other variables, it has the most relative effect on specifying the dependable variable (faithfulness to norm). This variable has the most part (0.24 per cent) in specifying the dependant variable and can predict 24 per cent of dependent variable changes among other variables.
The fifth hypothesis claims faithfulness to social norm is a positive function of rationality. This hypothesis is confirmed. This variable could predict 14 per cent of dependent variable changes alongside other variables.