جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قروه » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Urban spaces are one of the most obvious areas of manifestation of identity, culture and civilization of urban society. Due to its prominent role in the economic, physical, social and political structure of the city, the central context of cities has always been in the focus of attention of experts. Following the physical expansion of cities and the prominent role of the car factor, urban communities have gradually witnessed the decline of environmental and spatial qualities in terms of social solidarity and cohesion. In the meantime, the implementation of sidewalks following the strengthening of social life, indigenous identity and human-centered urban realization has always become an effective policy and strategy at the level of urban communities. In this regard, the main purpose of the present study is a comparative study of the feasibility of creating sidewalks in the central part of the cities of Naqadeh and Qorveh with the aim of strengthening identity, cohesion and social solidarity in the city and seeks to answer the following questions. Is: What is the level of correlation between the components of road construction and identity strengthening and social cohesion and solidarity? And the central context of which of the monocultural cities of Naqadeh and Qorveh can be implemented with the aim of strengthening social cohesion and identity?

In the present study, with a practical purpose, a descriptive-analytical method and using document selection and library methods, the main concepts such as pedestrianism, identity and social cohesion are explained and the main components for specialized evaluation. The research has been extracted. the statistical population and sample size of the present study includes experts, thinkers and specialists in the field of urban sciences and all indigenous citizens of each of the study cities. The sample for the cities of Naqadeh and Qorveh is equal to 383 cases. Also, 30 samples as a targeted sample size from the statistical community of urban experts and experts have been used to prioritize research indicators and sub-indicators. Then, using a questionnaire and observation and interview methods with experts and people, the degree of correlation between the main components of the research and the level of desirability and compatibility of selected indicators and sub-indicators of the research and determining the superior option has been determined. In addition, to ensure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the views of the statistical community were used and the Cronbach's alpha test was calculated to be 0.982. Quantitative data analysis method is derived from Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation and Shannon and Cocoso entropy techniques. The top and final option is selected. In the last stage, in order to facilitate the implementation of the road in the superior option and to achieve favorable conditions in terms of social identity, solidarity and social cohesion among different segments of the people, effective and purposeful suggestions have been presented.

The results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov quantitative methods and Pearson correlation show that there is a direct and significant relationship between the components of implementation and strengthening of identity and social cohesion. Also, a correlation coefficient of 0.965 between the two components of road construction and strengthening urban cohesion and identity indicates a positive and strong correlation. According to the results of Shannon entropy method, sub-indices of improvement of collective spaces and topographic conditions have the highest and lowest level of importance and priority among other sub-indices in the implementation of road construction, respectively. The results of Cocoso method indicate that the central texture of Naqadeh city has more favorable conditions in terms of social and economic indicators and has an unfavorable situation in the characteristic feature of appearance and urban landscape. Meanwhile, in the central part of Qorveh city, the situation of social indicators and the characteristics of urban appearance and landscape are at an inappropriate level. It has also been in a good position compared to others in terms of natural characteristics, use and performance. According to the results and in general terms, the central texture of Naqadeh city with a final coefficient of 4.252 has more favorable conditions than the central texture of Qorveh city with a weight of 1.83 in terms of road construction feasibility.

According to the results of quantitative methods (based on statistical tests) and analysis of research findings, in order to achieve a suitable situation in the city of Naqadeh, purposeful and efficient suggestions have been presented. Utilization of indigenous elements (elements, fountains, ...) in order to strengthen the social and cultural identity of the cit  Creating suitable health spaces according to its ability  Supporting the presence of traditional retailers (vendors) and allocating spaces for their establishment Appropriate role modeling of officials, managers and urban professionals from the valuable experiences of successful communities  Special attention and emphasis on the allocation of appropriate urban furniture Reconstruction and renovation of some commercial functions in the area for the construction of commercial complexes Special attention and emphasis on the urban beautification approach  Efforts to increase the level of mixing of uses Utilization of stable and compatible environmental conditions  Emphasis on increasing sustainable social interactions between people and related organs and organizations to achieve the desired situatio  Utilizing more stable modes of transportation in the study area (such as bicycles) and designing a special route for it  Assigning a separate route for the traffic of special affairs vehicles  Organizing and developing the use of green space and recreation-leisure Creating and developing arrangements in order to revitalize the study environment around the clock (24-hour city) Considering the principles of effective planning and design for the disabled and the elderl - And organizing the existing urban infrastructure while paying attention to future developments

The problem of recognizing terrain climate and its changes is central to geomorphologist، because these changes are the main factors in the current creation of landforms; such that it introduced changes in the land form systems، cryosphere level، and altitude of the permanent snow line، glacier tongues، growth boundary and hydrological systems. Nowadays، designing development programs، proper utilization of resources، environmental protection، reducing the amount of damage caused by natural disasters and many crucial problems without careful consideration of these studies will create numerous problems. Climate changes in particular during the least phase of the quaternary have a significant impact on the behavior of the river and the volume of stored water and ice focuses in this area،since the climatic parameters of temperature and precipitation are sensitive to climate change. Therefore، studding of the time trend in these variables and the evidence of glaciers is one of the most significant indicators in the reconstruction of climate changes and morphogenetic systems during the least phase of quaternary. Theoretical bases: The methods used in this study included a field، statistical-quantitative، library method. In analyzing the data، morphic indicators on 1:500000 topographic maps، digital elevation model and the Global Mapper and Surfer softwares were used. In this study، we used four sheets of topographic maps and layers of the evidence of the cirqus of glacier، water permanent snow line، Equilibrium line of the ice and water، and Equilibrium line of the land identified. Cyclical climatic data were collected and attempts were made to draw the thermal profile of the area، simultaneously. The Wright method was applied to analyze the past and present conditions and provided the necessary conditions for spatial analysis. Qorveh plain in Kordestan Provience is located between 35° - 35° 15''N latitude and 47° 45''-48° 5'' E longitudes. The Qorveh region is one of the areas affected by climatic fluctuations during glacial phases. These changes were identified and studied using the statistical analysis of meteorological stations، some geomorphic evidence، geomorphologic principles، and glaciers. In this study، evidence of the cirqus of glacier and permanent snow line at least phase of quaternary was collected through the use of the mentioned methods، and in accordance with to Wright method’s. Therefore، isothermal and precipitation Maps were drawn and the moisture and cooling conditions were reconstructed by creating the linear relationship at least phase of quaternary. Cooling and moisture anomalies were identified at the present time and least phase. The altitude of the Equilibrium line of the ice and water and permanent snow line were identified by analyzing the amount of snow precipitation in the past And the time required to move ice tongue in the region. Finally، morphogenetic systems of the area were reconstructed and analyzed at least and present phase The results showed that the highest correlation correlated with a linear relationship and temperature drop estimated with increasing every 100 meters of altitude. Regarding the cooling and moisture anomalies in the region at present and at least phase، it was found that the temperature in least Quaternary in comparison with the present temperature differed about 5. 9 ° C. Therefore، the difference in the annual mean temperature in the region was 6. 2 ° C. Regarding the height of temperature of zero degrees in the past and the present condition، the permanent snow line has retreated at approximately 1000 m compared with the least quaternary phase. Also، isothermal and precipitation Maps at present and past identified that in general، the volume of rainfall at quaternary time was twice that of the present phase. Regarding the cited evidence، the altitude of permanent snow line is above 2700 m in the area and of water and ice equilibrium line is 1900m. identification and reconstruction of the morphogenetic systems in present condition and least phase demonstrated that The loss of glaciers in mountainous and the equilibrium line changes since quaternary results to displacement of the morphogenetic boundaries، ecosystems and humans.

The historical experience of development process in developed countries revealed that rural development is a basic requirement for national development and that it should be considered and given high priority. Accordingly in Iran, the government also paid more attention to rural development in recent years. In this regard, different methods and approaches were implemented due to social and economic development of rural regions. A large number of these strategies and industrial projects focus on the development of rural areas. One of the main strategies for development is industrialization and establishment of industry in rural regions. These industrial projects have been initiated to alleviate poverty and unemployment, and to deal with the insufficient food supply. Although these projects were assumed to be beneficial for rural people, they often had unintended negative impacts on the environment and local communities. Evidence suggests that while sustainability is a crucial and independent dimension of development, it has most often been neglected when planning these industrial projects. These projects have been faced with numerous challenges such as a growing sense of rural households’ dissatisfaction, negative attitudes, and conflicts with the industrial projects, un-sustainability and in many instances complete failure. Therefore, in recent years, industrial rural development projects in Iran and in many developing countries have been criticized for their detrimental effects on various aspects, and on sustainability at large. Therefore, there is a widespread consensus about the importance of the assessment of the impact of industrial projects on rural areas. Subsequently, in line with the triple bottom line approach for sustainable development, the impact assessment is of particular importance in considering the sustainability of industrial rural development projects. In this regard, the Kurdistan Iron Smelting Factory, as a great industry in Kurdestan province, was established in 2003 in a high-potential agricultural region. Establishing the factory would potentially cause many social, economic and environmental changes in surrounding rural areas. Measurement of the degree of these impacts would help policy makers and project planners to better understand the projects’ impacts. Therefore, the objects of this study were: • To display the impacts of Kurdistan Iron Smelting Factory on the development of surrounding rural areas; • To determine the scope of the impacts of Kurdistan Iron Smelting Factory on the development of surrounding rural areas; and • To model the range and levels of the impacts of Kurdistan Iron Smelting Factory. The study followed exploratory quantitative research methodology. Also the research method was descriptive-analytic in the form of comparative approach. The comparative design is an accepted research technique for exploring impacts that cannot be manipulated experimentally. The statistical population of the study was the rural people who lived in the villages surrounding the factory. The villages were categorized in three group distances of 5, 10, and 15 kilometers from the factory, using Arc-GIS software. Fifty four villages were affected by the factory and using snowball sampling, seven villages from the first, nine from the second, and four from the third layer were selected and investigated. The sample size of the rural people was determined using the sampling size table given by Patten. The final sample included 230 rural people selected from villages surrounding the factory. Accordingly, 15% of the rural people in each village participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using a questionnaire containing open and closed questions. In order to make the questionnaire, a complete list of the items regarding the impacts was developed. The impact items were categorized in 11 impact criteria by a panel of experts. The criteria include: demographic characteristics, structure, perceived wellbeing, social capital, social participation, social structure development, quality of life, agriculture, economic conditions, conservation of community resources, and life pattern and model. In Total, 86 sub-impacts were investigated using environmental impact assessment (EIA). A panel of experts confirmed the face validity of the questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, internal contingency by Cronbach’s Alpha value was implemented and the KMO coefficient (0.510 to 0.690) and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (0.610 to 0.864) also confirmed the questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package (version 17.5 for Windows). In order to determine the degree of the impacts of the Iron Smelting Factory on surrounding villages, descriptive analysis and entropy method in combination with TOPSIS were used. For modeling the degree of the impacts, Arc-GIS software was used. Results showed that the range of factory's impacts include eight surrounding villages. The factory has decreased some of the criteria such as agriculture, conservation of community resources, social participation, social structure development, and social capital among which the greatest decrease pertained to the rural people's social participation. On the other hand, life pattern and model, quality of life, economic conditions, structure, perceived wellbeing, and demographic condition were improved by the Kurdistan Iron Smelting Factory. The most increasing effect of the factory was on the structural condition. The coefficient of variation showed the profound imbalance between the impacts. Findings from TOPSIS and entropy also revealed that the factory had no significant influence on surrounding rural areas. Finally, the factory had the greatest impact only on the village of Karim-Abad Aliverdi and Yalghuoz-Aghaj.