جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پراگماتیسم » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

In the late nineteenth century, a philosophical method known as pragmatism emerged in America. Pragmatism is a kind of cognitive method and is of great importance as a pragmatic and realistic philosophy. The followers of pragmatism in applied geography place more emphasis on human geography. Because mixed research is the result of a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, its paradigm should also cover both types of research. That pragmatism paved the way for multiple ways, different worldviews, different assumptions as well as different forms of data collection and analysis. Accordingly, the present study examines the method of mixed research in the realm of pragmatism (a method for geographical research) and first deals with the founding thinkers of pragmatism and their views and then deal with its core principles as well as influential schools and approaches. In the following, pragmatism is re-considered and re-emerged in geography and pragmatism as a philosophy of inquiry is described. After examining the criticisms of this approach, the mixed methodology of the school has included a variety of strategies of mixed practices. After showing the steps of mixed research projects, a summary of the mixed sample research method in the field of rural research is provided.

Now, scientists know the world as complex systems that predict consequences of it is so difficult. In this situation, the systems operated by rotation manner in which chaos is order and discipline leads to chaos. Nowadays, simple idea of ​​how the world work change and convert to complex and paradoxical idea. This is called complexity science. The theory through the assumptions of Newtonian and based on quantum physics states that in a complex system cannot be said that a consensus will be repeated exactly twice, but just the opposite, in these systems, order and disorder complete each other.
In this article, have tried to provide overview of the complexity and variety of it and its role in nature and dynamic systems to be studied due to predicted them by better understanding of them. To determine the best approach and method for the study of complex systems and scientific confrontation with them, positivist approaches, Post-positivism and pragmatism is studied. Quantitative methodology based on positive paradigm that focuses on originality of build- environment and qualitative methodology, although historically and philosophical based on anti-positivist or post-positivist approaches but recently has been used and support by non-positive paradigm and also recently the pragmatism paradigm underpin theoretical and philosophical based for combines research methodology as a third methodological movement.
Complex adaptive systems:The complex system is a system that have been formed of interconnected smaller parts and exhibit behavior that is not deducible from the behavior of the components alone, which means that by studding the individual components of a complex system cannot be achieved to collective behavior.

Sustainable tourism development is a set of principles, policies and management methods which project the tourism development path in a way that environmental resources (including natural, man-made, and cultural features) of the destination are conserved for future developments. Concerning this concept and its implementation method, numerous and various perceptions have been created as a result of the different viewpoints and paradigms. Therefore, studying and comparing philosophical schools can be beneficial since it may help advance understanding and develop critical thinking about sustainable tourism development policies and planning.

Pragmatism is an American-originated movement that has profoundly influenced the rational life in the United States and has had increasing influence in the United Kingdom. The philosophical analysis of its origin was carried out in England and Vienna.it was initially addressed in Britain and, recently, in the United States it has been a subject of speculations and debates. Pragmatism is especially a method for solving or evaluating rational issues, as well as a theory about the types of identifications we have the possibility to learn and gain. This school, called pragmatism, or the actuality of action, considers a case as a fact that has a practical advantage, and in other words the truth is the meaning created by the mind, by which it struggles to obtain better and more practical results. To find This is a point that has not been explicitly mentioned in any other philosophical school, as its root can be found in Hume's words, where he calls the wisdom the servant of human desires and confines the value of knowledge to its practical aspect. Pragmatist geography is in search of a modification of the human environment through the use of geographic techniques and methods. Therefore, the value of geography is judged to be real only when it has practical aspect.