جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کارکردی" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Spatial Activities and relationships, proportional with the related structures, underlie the dynamics of socio-economic changes. In other words, a set of structures,including environmental and socio-economic ones, realize the main pillars of development. The sustainable physico-spatial development could be achieved, whenthe main targets are based on goal-oriented and in line with sustainable principles. In this connection, efforts have been made by studying the different aspects of structural and functional characteristics of Abhar area, this question to be answered that wether the existing physical-spatial system could be considered as a sufficient platform for dynamics and sustainability of the area, and when not, by which measures and what form this would be achieved.

Developing context-based spatial planning theories and criticizing their key components are an essential requirement in the development of people and places. Along this perspective, Structural-Functional Dynamics approach (SFD) has taken the first step toward formulating an alternative approach to spatial planning in relation to the Iranian context of social geography. As another step forward, this article focuses, through a critical engagement, on how two key concepts of man and space are conceptualized by SFD approach. As this paper argues, space and man are separately conceptualized in SFD approach. In fact, the concept of space has been formulated in a manner that its methodological consequences to the concept of man are explicitly neglected. As a result, SFD approach inevitably reproduces the same assumptions that it criticizes through the lens of Humanism, assumptions such as objectivism, elitist planning, top-down approach, threshold concept of neoclassical economies, rapid urbanization, and universal principles of human behavior, which underlay positivist geography and neoclassical economies. To overcome such conceptual mismatch within SFD approach requires interactional redefinition of concepts of space and man. Yet before redefining these concepts, geographers and planners’ identity should be rearticulated with regards to past and future experiments of spatial planning in Iran.

The spatial flows are based on rural-urban interactions and are defined through different flows of people, goods, products, capital, information and innovation. The formation of these flows requires structural-functional contexts. What is of particular importance in this regard is to emphasize rural-urban socioeconomic integrity and to avoid approaches based on the separation of rural and urban settlements. In fact, what prevents the formation of these networks in developing countries is due to various factors and forces. However, state building and development facilitation, along with the serious involvement of villagers, can play an effective role. This article examines the function of dairy workshops in the areas of Hashtrud and Charoymagh (East Azarbaijan) to identify the role of these workshops in the shaping rural-urban relationships and linkages and formation of local and regional networks.

Today, tourism is considered as a tool for the development of rural areas in many countries of the world. Although most of the villages have changed over time, but villages, in which tourist attraction is significant, the speed and rate of change is more. The purpose of this study was to consider the role of tourism in the physical and functional changes of villages. This descriptive-analytic study collected its data via both documentary and field study. To rank the villages in terms of tourism arising fromchanges, the AHP model is used. In this study, based on preliminary studies, the 8 villages of the centeral Lahijan city, in which tourist attractions spread, was studied. Statistical population is 98 experts of local and provincial managers that relevant to the topic that based on the standard table of Morgan 80 persons were randomly selected as the sample. To investigate the matter, the eight criteria related to tourism and the physical and functional changes (changes in land use, public services, accommodation services, catering services, businesses, second homes, quality of buildings and land prices) were emphasized. The results show that the most important impact of tourism in these villages are such as: Open second homes (491 units), land use change from agricultural to residential and commercial about 622 hectares, reducingfarming, boom tourism activity and create new economic activity in the service sector, flourishing in tourism activity and creating new economic activity in the service sector. AHP model based on the output of the eight surveyed villages, Sheykhanbar village has a 0.26 weight that show the highest rate changes and sarcheme village has a 0.04 weight that show the least amount of physical and functional changes.

The approaches to spatial planning change as the societies are becoming more complex. These changes show up in an increasing diversity of activity and mobility patterns of individuals, households, social groups, institutions and organizations. So, as the relative importance of some concepts like “distance” and “movement” declines in developed network societies, the importance of other concepts, as time and time-space, increase. Delivering proper response on these issues implies the development of an adapted strategic planning capacity and a shift in planning style. Structural-Functional Dynamism (SFD), as a strategic approach to the organization of space at different levels of scale, tries in modern social geographic context, to define complex issues of spatial organization in less developed communities, seeking solutions for their related structural-functional deep-rooted problems. This paper based on a comparative study of two different areas, aims to appraise the sufficiency of this `alternative' strategic spatial planning approach.

The nature of physical-spatial characteristics of human settlements is resulting from the interaction between a vast range of different environmental-ecologic and socio-economic forces and factors. In this interactive process, according to the laws of “structural-functional dynamics”, not only different internal, but also many external forces and factors are synergic ally involved. The extent of dynamics of this complex determines the dynamic or static processes of change of the settlement. Thus, the transformative spheres of environment and space of human settlements are referred to normative extent of changes in their internal and external relationships. Sometimes the outside interferences, whether inherent or based on certain (often development) plans, underlie the basis of change or even inappropriate metamorphosis of human settlements. Accordingly, rural settlements in their bilateral or reciprocal interaction with urban centers, not only are influenced, but also affect the urban physical form and spatial relationships. The area under study in this paper is the City of Ardebil and its peripheral rural, or its immediate umland, which have encountered with vast and ongoing transformations in different physical and spatial dimensions, especially after the establishment of the province of Ardabil (1973) and regional centrality and unclaimed dominance of the city. It is evident that these changes have caused different environmental-ecological, socio-cultural and polito-economic reflections. In other words, one can take these changes as the impacts of interactive relations of internal and external forces and factors over time. Through detection, verification and analysis of internal and external factors and forces, this article attempts to identify the process of change and transformation of rural settlements around Ardebil.

Housing as a component of the spatial system of the villages has special structural-functional features. Due to construction projects in the last decades, this phenomenon has been subject to different changes; one of these projects, which have been responsible of many of these changes, is the “rural housing renewal and improvement,” that its complementation has ended to vast changes in structure and functions of rural houses. With regard to encouraging urbanization and lack of considering the very relations between structures and functions of rural dwellings, these changes in many cases has ended to a kind of “duality” between housing unit and many activities of rural households. This paper tries to examine these changes, resulting from “renewal and improvement” activities in rural housing in the context of general laws of "Structural-functional Dynamics.”The rule stating the obvious fact that a change in physical structure, whether consciously or unconsciously, will result in changing the activities and relations of the system

Spatial planning approaches along with complication of societies are being changed. These changes and transformations have reflected themselves in increasing diversification of economic patterns, people, group, organization, and institution’s mobility. While in less developed network societies some of the concepts including “distance” and “movement “are relatively losing their importance, some fairly new ones such as “time “and “timespace convergence “are gaining ground. As a matter of fact, problems associated with spatial planning in less developing economies possess different nature. Appropriate response to these problems require application of compatible strategic planning as well as changes in planning style. Structuralfunctional approaches as a strategic planning tool regarding organization of space at different levels and scales within new social geography framework tries to explain complex aspects of spatial organization in less developed societies as well as to find solutions with respect to rooted functional-structural relation problems. The major objective of this paper is to compile the needed materials regarding such a unique strategic spatial planning.

In recent years، concern for the unwilling rural-urban migration، in one hand، and the urban influences on transformation of rural fabric، on the other، has increased steadily. This article is centered on the studying and evaluating the change processes، which caused the main structural-functional dispositions of rural housing، evolved by the intensity of urban-rural flows of people، information، innovation، etc. In considering the outcoming transformations، the different aspects of these flows should be met، by a thorough understanding of the dominant social space affecting the development of housing in area under study، i. e. the peripheral rural settlements in the Zanjan Township.

“Structural-functional Dynamism” is an approach in spatial studies, which is evolved from a vast range of empirical spatial studies in the late decades. The view is fundamentally a systematic one, as an essential base for contemporary scientific research. “Structural-functional Dynamism” is based on the priciple, that there’s a strong systematic link between structures and functions of the spatial phenomena; that is to say, one without the other cannot be sufficiently achieved.