جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گردشگری بین المللی" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The high competitiveness of destinations in the international tourism market is one of the main success factors in the tourism industry, especially the tourism of metropolises and benefiting from its advantages. Therefore, the present study investigated this issue to identify the key variables of the international tourism market with an emphasis on the competitiveness of tourist destinations in Tehran. The tourist destinations of this city, due to Tehran being the capital, have a strategic and unique location, which has made the issue of competitiveness in this city doubly important.

Design/methodology/approach:

 The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this research consisted of three main groups, including 35 professors from Tehran province universities, who were selected using a stratified random sampling method, 30 tourism experts in the province, and 15 available tourists. Finally, 80 people were selected as the sample size from the three statistical communities under study. Data analysis was done in the SPSS20 software environment.

The findings showed that destination resources are the most important key factors influencing the competitiveness of tourist destinations in Tehran city. Pearson's correlation coefficient values also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the competitiveness of tourism destinations and independent variables (physical resources (God-given and created), historical and cultural resources (inherited), human resources, knowledge resources, capital resources, supporting factors and resources, and situational conditions) at the 99% confidence level.

For the competitiveness of tourist destinations in Tehran, it is necessary to pay attention to destination resources, especially destination management. In ranking the effective variables of competitiveness, the respondents considered capital resources, supporting factors and resources, knowledge resources, tourism infrastructures, and superstructures to have a key role. Therefore, it is suggested that investment by the public and private sectors in marketing the tourism sector be considered.

Originality/value: 

Attention to the key variables of the competitiveness of tourism destinations is a topic that has not been addressed in previous studies. This research discusses the ability and capability of a destination to maintain its position and market share or modify part of it over time.

The tourism industry is rapidly adapting to new conditions and the growth of online and smart technologies. Since user-generated content provides relevant data to find out about the image of a destination among tourists, this study aimed to investigate the status of Iran’s destination image on TripAdvisor, one of the most popular online tourism platforms. The study adopted a quantitative content analysis research method. To cover different opinions, two important parts of this website, namely Things to Do and Iran Travel Forum, were considered as the statistical population in the three-year period from 2019 to the beginning of 2022. Multistage random cluster sampling was used, and coding was done by coders based on the compiled codebook. The content of TripAdvisor social network was analyzed in three cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. The findings indicated that potential foreign tourists are most concerned about Iran’s infrastructural affairs, especially transportation, visa, currency exchange, and sometimes hosting business services. Signs of insufficient information, lack of access to up-to-date and comprehensive information online, contradictions in available information, and instability of procedures in the field of visa issuance and transportation services can also be seen in these contents. Although users considered Iran’s tangible heritage and historical and cultural attractions very attractive, the connection of these attractions with the human and social attractions of contemporary host society had brought a double surprise and attraction.

The aim of this paper is to discuss and examine the various approaches to tourism and to identify factors that can effectively contribute to the promotion of international tourism in Iran. For the purpose of this paper the author has adopted an applied, quantitative and descriptive research methodology with regards to the objectives, the type of data and the collection of the required data, respectively. This has been done by drawing upon the views and expertise of the authorities of the Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data collected through the questionnaire were put to test and thoroughly examined on the basis of the conceptual model and the hypothesis of the research. As regards the descriptive statistics, they have been examined and analyzed by dividing them into contextual and main variables and by resorting to such statistical methods and indices as absolute and relative frequency, mean and variance and with respect to deductive statistics resort has been made to the multi variable correlation and regression analysis and Fisher’s analysis of variance. The population or sample of respondants in this research was senior managers and experts of Iranian Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization. The totality of their number amounts to 750 persons. The questionnaire was distributed among 260 experts and 257 questionnairea were returned back to the researcher. Concerning the method of collecting and analyzing data, in this research field, it is to be noted that the type and method of data gathering is descriptive and inferential. In the area of descriptive statistics, the description of the data in the two sections of contextual and principal variables has been provided using the methods such as frequency indicator, relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance. In the area of inferential statistics the methods of correlation and multi-variable regression as well as Fisher's exact test have been used. Discussion and It is found that there are meaningful correlation and significant relationship between the development of international tourism and all the examined factors that are social and cultural factors, climatic and touristic factors, managerial and political factors, as well as new information and communication technologies. The Average age of the respondents in this study is 34/5 and the highest frequency is for B.A. degree level among experts, technicians and administrators. To assess the impact of socio-cultural factors on the development of international tourism in the country five items measured on a Likert scale of five options have been used, where the score of 5 indicates high impact and score of 1 indicates low impact. The difference in this case is the way that all married people is higher than average.The respondents were classified based on their age, level of education, gender and maritial status. It is found that there are some differences between the average of different groups of age and education. However, this difference in the case of level of education is only meaningful in relation to the socio-cultural factors and in the case of age it is only meaningful in relation to managerial and political factors. Nevertheless, the amount of F in thees cases demonstrates that the mean differences are negligible. In the light of whatever has been discussed, it becomes clear that concerned authorities and experts, based on the contextual factors inter allia their age, level of education, gender and maritial status, have divers perspectives on the meaningful correlation between cultural and social factors, climatic conditions, tourist attractions, managerial and political factors as well as modern information and communication technologies on one side and the promotion of international tourism in Iran in the age of globalization on the other side. Nevertheless, according to the survey, from among factors effective in promoting international tourism in Iran, there are meaningful differences so that based on the age of respondents, only managerial and political factors, based on their gender, managerial and political factors, climatic conditions as well as cultural and social factors, based on their level of education only cultural and social factors, and based on their maritial status managerial and political factors as well as climatic conditions play a greater role in comparison to other factors. Therefore, in the age of globalization, the Islamic Republic of Iran, besides paying importance to the four factors mentioned in this research, and taking into consideration the contextual situation of managers and stakeholders of touristic sector, should have compiled programmation and plannification for promoting its effectiveness in this regard. Due to the fact that the managers and directors have always key role and functionality for devising the plans and their implementation, the focus, in the plannification, on this target group can be a shortcut way for attracting further tourists at international level. This road provides a suitable context for facilitating the participation of civil institutions, corporations and different media as well as local authorities at provincial and city levels. Therefore, having a balanced, comprehensive and macro level approach towards international tourism in Iran; devising appropriate social, economic and managerial plans and strategies; paying special attention to the processes and outcomes of the tourism industry, particularly its cultural and social outcomes; taking special interest in tourism marketing at both micro and macro levels; forming investment funds for tourism as well as facilitating the participation of the private sector and local authorities in tourism; emphasizing on the development of the various sectors of the transportation networks and infrastructures in full collaboration with States, individuals, local institutions and domestic and foreign tourism organizations and emphasizing on urban diplomacy or paradiplomacy with the purpose of granting increasing share and place to the creative cities and provinces for playing an effective role in the area of international tourism, can be mentionned from among the priorities of Iranian tourism industry in the age of globalization.

Financial crisis is one of the most effective economic problems that may occurring an economic region and eventually spread to other regions through which economic indicators can be affected seriously. According to the literature, however, financial crisis has had less impact on trading services than feasible goods. The current study explores the effects of recent global financial crisis on Iran’s trade in services during the period 2003-2010, given that tourism has a dominant role in the country’s relations with the major trading partners including Canada, Italy, Germany, Russia, Japan, Great Britain and France. Using bilateral cross-section export data, a specified gravity model has been estimated by Stata(11) to show indeed the crisis effect on such trade relations. The Empirical results obtained indicate that 2008 financial crisis has affected significantly bilateral tourist flows between Iran and its major country partners while the effect has been less than that of total trade in services. Other variables such as income per capital, exchange rate and distance have had significant but different effects on Iran’s international tourist earnings.

Tourism industry, as an economic sector is growing rapidly. There is an intense competition among tourist destinations to attract more tourists. This article aims at finding the most important factors for attracting foreign tourists. The society under investigation consisted of The OECD member countries and the Group of 77. In total, 32 countries from among OECD countries and 73 countries from among G77 countries were selected and a case of 105 countries was obtained. The study period was considered equal to 14 years from 1995 to 2008 AD. After forming matrix of data, the analysis was done using variables correlations and Minitab statistical software. Also, this software was used to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in world tourism industry. The results showed that in addition to the country's infrastructure facilities, the natural and historical – religious potentials are the most important factors in attracting foreign tourists. The country’s political and economical conditions rank the next factors. Moreover based on data of two groups, the results of PCA categorized the tourism indicators in two kinds of indicators. This categorization indicated that OECD countries own the biggest part of world tourism benefits. On the other hand, G77 countries have the most growth in tourism indicators in 14 years.