جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « (geographic information system (gis) » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The 63.20 kV substations serve as the energy injection points from the transmission network to the distribution network. Determining the substation's location is important from both technical and economic perspectives for regional electricity companies and electricity distribution companies. This research aims to identify the optimal location for constructing a 63.20 kV substation, distinguishing its methodology from similar studies by considering criteria specific to electricity distribution companies and the internal interactions and influences of these criteria.

This study employs the network analysis process (ANP) and fuzzy logic within Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on expert evaluations, 13 criteria were identified as primary factors for substation location. ArcGIS software was utilized to create criteria layers. To standardize the criteria layers, data were normalized between 0 and 1 using fuzzy membership functions. The ANP method was then used to determine the final weightings of the criteria, which were applied to their corresponding fuzzy maps. For the final analysis, the gamma operator with the gamma values of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 was employed. Optimal gamma value selection was implemented using the gamma correlation coefficient test in SPSS software, leading to the calculation of the correlation coefficient and standard deviation.

The standard deviation calculations indicated that a gamma value of 0.7 has higher accuracy compared to other values. In the final map, areas around the city of Kahak were identified as the optimal location for constructing the 63.20 kV substation in Qom province

In the present study, the seismic vulnerability of the northern Tabriz (regions 1, 5, and 10) has been assessed spatially. The evaluation process goes through five distinct phases: spatial evaluation of criteria affecting seismic vulnerability, fuzzification, determination of criteria weight using AHP, integration of all maps for evaluation criteria, and finally, damage coefficient calculation. The results of the AHP model indicate that distance to the fault residential density (with a weight of 0.229) and population density (with a weight of 0.162) are the most important criteria affecting the seismic vulnerability of the northern regions of Tabriz. Seismic vulnerability zoning shows that almost all the northern regions of the city have high to very high vulnerability to earthquake hazards. More than 16.6% and 5.6% of the study regions are located in the high and very high seismic vulnerability class, respectively. These spaces mainly include residential land uses in the western neighborhoods of Region 1 and the central neighborhoods of Region 10. Based on the seismic vulnerability coefficient for an earthquake with a magnitude of 10, the amount of destruction in these regions will be between 65 and 100 percent. Proximity to the great fault of Tabriz, high population and residential density, lack of urban open spaces, a significant part of fine-grained buildings, worn-out urban texture, and marginalization are among the reasons for the high seismic vulnerability of the western parts of Region 1 and the central parts of region 10.

In order to know the site, obtaining soil strength parameters is necessary and at the same time costly and time-consuming. In this research, using 135 geotechnical boreholes drilled in Kermanshah, zonation of soil shear strength parameters (friction angle and cohesion) using ArcGIS software and ordinary kriging interpolation method (with spherical, exponential, and Gaussian semi-variograms), Up to a depth of 9 meters in three-meter intervals has been done and using the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), the best model for predicting the characteristics has been selected. Based on the error evaluation indicators, the best variograms for zonation friction angle and cohesion at depths of 0 to 3 m is Gaussian, 3 to 6 m is exponential and 6 to 9 m are Gaussian and spherical, respectively. According to the results, mainly with increasing depth, angle of friction and cohesion (shear strength) has increased and the northern and southwestern parts of Kermanshah, compared to other regions, have soil with higher friction angle and lower cohesion (coarse-grained), and the northwestern parts of the city have clay and alluvial soils that the results are confirmed by the passage of the Qarasu river through this area and the location of the northern and southern regions of Kermanshah at the foot of the mountain.

The accurate locating and design of industrial areas can be considered a robust step taken to improve the environment, develop industries, and accurate and logical growth of urban and rural areas. In this research, the number of pollutants is measured during the 30 days of November 2023 to examine and analyze the impact of industrial uses of Tabriz City on its air pollution, and its location and placement in Tabriz have increased the air pollution indicators. The mentioned indicators are revised and examined based on the collected data and available data of research through Geographic Information System (GIS) and using library and analytical methods such as the IDW method.

the variables examined in this study included pollutants and their types over the 30 days of November 2022 in Tabriz Metropolis, which is done through library and data collection methods. Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and (PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozon were collected based on the point method in Kajvar, Hakim Nezami, Azerbaijan Square, Hotel Marmar, Namaz Square, Rah Ahan, Bagheshmal, Abresan, and Behdasht Stations. These data are prepared and expressed as pollutant distribution maps for each pollutant in the form of descriptive maps through ARC GIS software based on the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method.

The results show that the location of industrial areas in Tabriz does not affect the air pollution rate of Tabriz, and has no negative effect on increasing air pollution in Tabriz.

The greatest environmental threat today is global warming and Climate Change. Climate Change deined as dramatic and long-term change in the distribution of Atmospheric patterns in the long-term periods. What distinguishes the current Climate Change is that humans have played an important role in the global warming process. The issue is that human activities increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This will increase the amount of intense absorbed radiation, and the amount that is emitted again to the Earth causes the Earth to warm up. The weather model forecasts in the summary report showed that during the 21st century, global temperatures increased from 0/3 to 1/7 degrees Celsius to 2/6 to 4/8 degrees Celsius (4/7 to 8/6 degrees Fahrenheit), and its amount depends on the amount of greenhouse gases and the effects of Climate feedback. (NASA, 2017)The main effect of Climate Change is the increase of global average temperature. The average surface temperature could increase from (approximately 1/67 to 5/56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the 21st. This causes a variety of secondary effects, namely, changes in patterns of precipitation, rising sea levels, agriculture pattern changes, extreme increase of weather events, the expansion of the range of tropical diseases, and the opening of new marine trade routes. Potential effects include sea level rise from 110 to 770 mm between 1990 to 2100, agriculture consequences, possible slowing of the ocean heat circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increases of intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, and the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria and dengue fever (IPPC,2013). The country Iran, which is a spatial political unit in Southwest Asia, is not excluded from the Climate Change impacts. Undoubtedly, Iran will face the consequences of the Global Climate Change today or in the very near future. Environmental impacts of Climate Change in Iran, considering that 90% of Iran's land are dry and semi-arid lands, leads to destruction of the agricultural industry. For this purpose, the following questions have been asked: Which indices of sustainable development in Iran are subjected to and how is the status of these indices validated by the country? What are the indicators of the effects of Climate Change on the sustainable development of the country and what is the status of these indicators in the provinces of the country?

Historically, Iran has always been exposed to the consequences of Climate Change, given its Geographical location. Iran's location in the Earth's desert belt and the availability of a quarter of its water resources (precipitation and surface water) have revealed the need to pay attention to the various dimensions of Climate Change in Iran. The purpose of this study is to zoning the country's regions based on Sustainable Development indicators, the effects of Climate Change, and to provide a model in different regions of the country. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and method. Data collection and documentary and survey information have been done with questionnaire tools. Data collection and documentary and survey information have been done with questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the research is purposeful and includes experts and specialists in the field of Climate Change working in meteorological, environmental and passive defense organizations. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of 3 professors of Climatology and Political Geography of Tehran University and Research Sciences were used and after making corrections and adjustments, 48 questions were compiled for the final questionnaire. To measure the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha test scored 0/8 out of 16 questionnaires as a pretest. The questionnaire was designed based on the indicators of the effects of climate change and after distribution, 60 questionnaires were collected. The data were then entered into the SPSS software and Friedman's comparative test was used to prioritize the Sustainable Development indicators of the effects of Climate Change.

Then, Friedman's comparison test in SPSS software prioritizes the effective parameters of Climate Change on Sustainable Development, which arerespectively, they are: 1- Vulnerability to livelihood, poverty and weak government 2- Sustainable Agriculture and combating desertification and drought. 3- Health, Public Health 4- Maintaining the balance of the natural ecosystem.5- Justice and social security and citizenship will have the greatest impact on the sustainabledevelopment of the country. Then, using GIS software, the country's zoning was drawn based on the effects of Climate Change in the country's regions.Country zoning based on poverty and social anomalies (misery index), Sustainable Agriculture (Strategic Products), drought and agricultural destruction, public health indicator, ecosystem balance, Social Justice (Distributive Justice)

The results of this study show that the provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Qom and Alborz are in line with the highest percentage of weakness and fragility against the effects of Climate Change in the country, which will have the greatest challenge with drought and agricultural degradation These challenges will increase the process of importing agricultural products to Iran, and Iran will become an importer of these products, and on the other hand, will cause migration, unemployment, poverty and increase social anomalies in Kermanshah, Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. The government is also authorized to use educational services and the ability to reconsider using the revision and change in re-status using the revision in the library of Sistan and Baluchestan, Bushehr, South Khorasan, Alborz and Qom. To this end, the government can use a well-written plan to reduce the challenges posed by the effects of climate change in these areas. Finally, the need to implement effective methods such as watershed management and clean energy use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to adapt to Climate Change impacts is emphasized.

In this research, land use map was prepared by maximum likelihood method in 8 areas of Ahvaz city and altitude and slope maps were prepared. To evaluate the classification accuracy of the land use map, the error of the classified image was compared with a reference image containing a number of ground control points. The map of urban thermal islands was prepared using a separate window algorithm on the Landsat 8 satellite data set in the ENVI software environment. The results showed that the prepared land use map has an kappa coefficient of 86% and good accuracy and credit. The relationship between land use and thermal islands, the results indicate that the eight cities of Ahvaz with an average temperature of 43.3 and the fourth region with an average temperature of 32.6 had the highest and lowest temperatures, respectively. By comparing the percentage of land use classes in the eight and four districts of Ahvaz, it can be said that industrial land use will increase the average temperature of urban areas and space land use will reduce the average temperature of urban areas. Areas with a slope of zero to 1.5 percent have an average temperature of 34 degrees and areas with a slope of 10 to 37 percent have an average temperature of 41 degrees Celsius. In urban areas with altitudes below sea level and urban areas with an altitude of 64 to 80 meters above sea level, the average temperature is 34 and 41 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Regarding the geographical position and appropriate environmental situation, solar energy is regarded as one of the most efficient renewable energies in Iran. This study seeks to provide a model for identifying the optimal locations of the establishment of solar panels in the urban setting. High potential and appropriate space of the buildings' roofs with high altitude and their placement subject to direct sunlight and non-optimal use of these spaces has necessitates the optimal location of the establishment of solar panels for the production of easy and cheap energy. In this study, first, the feature of locations suitable for the establishment of solar panels in the urban environment and the source of production of required layers were identified. The required layers for access to the appropriate locations of the establishment of solar panels were prepared and were spatially modeled. The final objective of this paper is to provide a scientific and practical model for replacing renewable energies instead of fossil fuels in Iran. Based on the fuzzy Delphi method and its integration in the geographical information system in this study, a suitable method was provided for the evaluation and selection of the best place for the exploitation of renewable energies.

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been used in various earth science processes as one of the main sources of studies. The average slope factor of an area is one of the basic and important physical characteristics, and the calculation and determination of this factor are necessary in all plans related to earth sciences. In many experimental relationships, determining the concentration time and the average slope of the study area is the main factor and plays a decisive role in the estimations. Therefore, failure to accurately estimate and determine the average slope value will lead to incorrect estimates of the major and fundamental factors of an area. Therefore, in this research, in order to evaluate slope algorithms using a digital height model, two areas were first considered based on special conditions and characteristics. Then 30 and 90 meters of SRTM were prepared for each of these areas (DEM). By using coding in a Python environment, the slope algorithms such as neighborhood, quadratic, maximum slope, and maximum slope were calculated and the time library and psutil library were used to calculate the time of the algorithm and the memory consumption of the system. using a number of default points; Slope algorithms were spatially compared. The obtained results showed that the downhill slope algorithm obtained higher maximum values ​​and the maximum slope algorithm obtained lower values ​​compared to other algorithms.

Road accidents are one of the events that have caused the most loss of life in recent years compared to accidents such as floods, earthquakes, etc. in our country. Currently, we are witnessing the death or injury of some people in these accidents every day. Various factors are involved in these accidents, one of which is the insecurity of the roads and the existence of problems in them. In this regard, if complete information about unsafe and accident-prone roads is available and necessary and sufficient measures are taken to fix the problems, the number of accidents will definitely decrease; Therefore, collecting accident data and other information related to the points that are prone to accidents is a very important to reduce accidents and improve road safety. One of the ways to obtain comprehensive and up-to-date information is to use Volunteered Geospatial Data (VGI). Based on this method, people provide the system with their data collected for a specific purpose. After VGI has been collected, sharing this data requires a system in the form of a web-based application so that users can share information about incidents or hazards on the road. OSM is one of the appropriate and cost-effective geo-web portals for planning in times of crisis. Therefore, in this research, OSM was investigated and used along with VGI to investigate the occurrence of accidents in Iran. In this research, the functionality of the OSM in terms of geographic data regarding accidents and unsafe roads has been investigated. Four spatial data recording methods were examined and finally the Editing with iD method was evaluated as more effective. The obtained results show the efficiency of OSM in registering voluntary geographic information related to accidents.

Due to the earthquake damage caused by the earthquake, one of the most important issues which is considered by the authorities after the earthquake is the water supply of citizens of a city. Unfortunately, in many cities of Iran, the management of the crisis, especially concerning drinking water, is not noticed in the aftermath of the various events that the metropolitan is considering. due to the great importance of this issue, in this study, suitable spaces to locate water emergency reservoirs in shiraz, based on criteria urban public open spaces (park and green space, open space Stadium, city Squares), Population density (near Population block whit high Population density), roads network (access to roads high way, main road, minor road), high-risk centers against Earthquake (wearing texture areas in the slopes areas Close to the fault, Historical points of the earthquake) Based on the hierarchical analysis Process (AHP) and decision support system, GIS, (using of transformation functions of a polygon to point, vector to raster, Euclidean distance, reclassify and the functions of a scalar subset to be evaluated. The results of this study suggest the locations with the scores of 7,8,9, that located mainly in destroyed texture areas, regions with high population density and urban main roads of Shiraz as the alternatives for locating of the city's emergency water Resviors.

The quality of life is one of the most important issues in the world after the basic issues in the development of social policy of people depends on many factors, including employment, decent income, access to services such as education and health, health, natural environment, security, and so on. The present study was carried out using 20 quality of life indicators, which are included in the statistics of Management and Planning Organization of East Azarbaijan province in 1394, following the ranking of the cities of East Azarbaijan Province in terms of having quality levels. Living with the use of Copras techniques. Excel and Arc 9.3 Arc GIS were used for statistical calculations and drawing maps and diagrams. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data were collected by documentary and field studies. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the cities of the province regarding the quality of life indicators. Therefore, policy-makers and planners of the province's development should prioritize the best strategies to promote quality of life indicators among the cities of East Azarbaijan.

Suitable sites for waste disposal must leave the least environmental effects while being executable in various aspects. Combination of AHP and GIS is a popular approach used for selecting suitable waste disposal sites, since AHP classifies and prioritizes selected sites based on different types of information layers and GIS provides an effective way for data management and display. Various studies have been recently conducted to select suitable sites for waste disposal using GIS and AHP. Rahimi et al. selected a sustainable site for urban solid waste disposal in Mahallat, Iran, using AHP and GIS. Fourteen environmental, economic and social parameters affecting sustainability of landfills were examined in this study and a site was selected in vicinity of this city as the most suitable landfill for solid waste disposal. Improper disposal of waste produced in oil-based drilling of oil and gas wells not only increases costs, but also cause the aforementioned problems. Thus to prevent these problems, it is necessary to select appropriate landfills for this kind of waste.Although, Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) is responsible for most of oil and gas extraction from Iranian fields in the Persian Gulf, no specific solution has been provided for selection of suitable locations for drilling waste produced in these areas. The present study seeks to select suitable sites for disposal of drilling waste produced in east of the Persian Gulf Iranian oil and gas fields in Lavan Island using AHP method and GIS software. 

Case study Oil and gas fields in Qeshm, Kish, Siri and Lavan operational areas are located in the eastern part of the Persian Gulf. Lavan is one of the islands of Hormozgan province in the Persian Gulf. It is about 2.5 kilometers long and 4.8 kilometers wide.  Oil Based Drilling Fluid used in Iranian Oil and Gas Fields in the Persian GulfDue to the type and depth of formation (layers of shale and deep reservoirs), oil based drilling fluids are generally used in Iranian oil and gas fields in the eastern Persian Gulf (Qeshm, Kish, Siri and Lavan). The main component of oil based drilling fluid is petroleum hydrocarbons, especially those with high flashpoint. Usually diesel fuel is used as the main component, which may be added up to 90% to the fluid used in drilling operations. Drilling waste produced in Iranian oil and gas fields in the Persian GulfBased on the latest statistical information provided by IOOC, annually  drilling waste is generated by this company in the Persian Gulf, which has declined in recent years due to a reduction in excavation activities. The volume fractions of humidity and oil in the drilling waste are 65% and 30%, which according to the standards of Iranian DOE and HSE unit of IOOC must be reduced to 15% and 1%, respectively after the recycling process. Analytic hierarchy processThe analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a logical framework that divides complex decisions into hierarchical structures and thus, simplifies their understanding and analysis. This process can be used when decision-making faces some alternatives. GIS Site selection in land-related sciences is an operation through which an expert presents needs, objectives, and information related to the current situation to find the best choice among available alternatives for the concerned land use. The main objective of site selection is to ensure that considering all limitations and available facilities, human activities in the selected site is consistent with the surrounding environment. Nowadays, GIS is used to reach a more scientific and realistic site selection. GIS is a coherent system of hardware, software, data, which allows the storage, analysis, transfer, and recovery of input data and makes it possible to publish the output data as maps, tables, and models of geographical zones. MethodologyThe present study is applied in terms of its objectives and descriptive-analytical in terms of its methodology. The criteria and sub-criteria (layers) involved in site selection for drilling waste disposal in Lavan Island were chosen based on the specifications of the region, recommendations of experts, and related literature. Base data were collected from various sources such as IOOC, Iranian department of environment, and geological survey and mineral exploration of Iran. Accordingly, 15 information layers (sub-criterion) affecting waste disposal site selection in Lavan Island were introduced and classified into three indices. These information layers include industrial building, slope, elevation, gas lines, oil lines, oil storages, roads, population centres, industrial regions, land use, airport, fault line, vegetation, river, and geology which have been classified as technical-economic, social-cultural, and environmental indices (criteria). Figure 1 depicts the hierarchical tree of site selection for disposal of drilling waste produced in eastern Persian Gulf Iranian oil and gas fields in Lavan Island.  Figure 1. The hierarchical tree of site selection for oil based drilling waste in Lavan Island.

Properties of each layer (layer values) were weighted in GIS environment based on al-saati method and experts’ opinions. Classification, weighting and normalization of effective layers used for selecting appropriate sites for oil drilling waste disposal in Lavan Island were performed and results were used to prepare a weighed map for each layer. These maps were combined in the final step to obtain the proposed map for waste disposal site. Figures 2 shows the weights assigned to information layers prepared for waste disposal in lavan Island.   Figure 2. Weights assigned to information layers prepared for oil based waste disposal in lavan Island  After the internal weighing of each layer, the AHP model was used to prepare the final map for the optimal site. Weighing each of these 15 layers is one of the most important stages of this model in which significance of each layer is expressed compared to other layers. The ultimate normalized weight of each layer was calculated by an AHP matrix with an inconsistency rate lower than 1.0.  Chart 1 shows the ultimate normalized weight of each layer which will be used in overlapping operations to find appropriate sites for oil based drilling waste disposal in Lavan Island.  Chart 1. Importance of weights assigned to layers in the selection of oil based waste disposal site in Lavan    IslandResults indicate that distance from population centers, distance from roads, distance from rivers and distance from airport are the most important parameters used to select appropriate sites for oil based waste disposal in Lavan Island. Results confirm the sensitivity of environmental and socio-cultural criteria for oil based drilling waste disposal in Lavan Island.Then, information layers were integrated using weighted overlay method in AHP to obtain the final map of the appropriate region for waste disposal. In this stage, the layers were overlapped based on their level of effectiveness in GIS environment and the final site selection map was prepared for waste disposal in Lavan Island (see Figure 3). The appropriate sites for waste disposal were classified into 5 classes (from “very good” to “very poor”) and depicted in this map.   Figure 3. Classification of selected sites for oil based waste disposal in Lavan Island Spatial analysis of final maps shows that some regions in the center of Lavan Island (sites number 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)are appropriate for drilling waste disposal due to their distance from population centers, roads, rivers, and the airport. These barren lands are the farthest sites from urban centers, roads, rivers, and the airport. Therefore, construction of waste disposal sites in these regions of Lavan Island is suggested in the final map to decision-makers. Figure 4 shows the prioritized waste disposal sites in Lavan Island.   Figure 4. Prioritization of oil based waste disposal sites in Lavan Island.

The present study was performed due to the lack of similar studies on waste disposal site selection in this region. GIS and AHP were used to select suitable sites for the disposal of drilling waste in Lavan Island. This drilling waste is produced in the Iranian oil and gas fields in the eastern parts of the Persian Gulf. Effective factors were weighted in different layers of GIS environment and weighted maps were prepared. Priorities were selected using the AHP, and site selection for drilling waste disposal was performed in GIS. Distance from rivers was recognized as the top priority parameter in environmental criteria due to the importance of environmental standards and avoiding surface water pollution. Moreover, distance from population centers, roads, and the airport were selected as top priorities in social-cultural sub-criteria due to the importance of the Island residents’ health and beauty of the landscape. Information layers were thus produced and combined using weighted overlay method in AHP to reach the final maps of suitable locations for oil based waste disposal in GIS. In accordance with effective criteria in the waste disposal site selection, suggested sites were classified into five classes ranging from “very good” to “very poor”. Accordingly, some sites located in the central part of Lavan Island were selected as appropriate sites for the disposal of drilling waste due to their distance from urban and population centers, roads, rivers, the airport, and so forth

Floods are one of the most abundant and destructive natural disasters that every year are caused heavy losses of life and property. Due to human activity in river systems and construction in rivers, flood damage has an upward trend. One of the most important actions to reduce flood damage is the provision of flood hazard zoning maps and their use in spatial planning. In this study, the risk of flood in the Nirchay River Basin that located Ardebil province was investigated. For this purpose, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff and to identify flood zones and fuzzy logic in order to overlay the layers and prepare a flood hazard zoning map.The simulation results show the high performance of the HEC-HMS model in simulating rainfall-runoff of the Nirchay River Basin and estimating peak flood discharges. Rainfall conversion to runoff at the Nirchay River Basin controlled by slope and land-use.The most runoff height and peak flow in Nirchay River Basin are located in the upstream sub-basins. This is due to the steep, low permeability soil, frequency impervious surfaces and high CN. The combination of layers using fuzzy logic has shown that about 8.6% of the surface of the basin are located with a high risk of flooding. These zones are located mainly on the floodplain of the Nirchay Basin. Due to the Low valley width and low slope, these lands are always at flood risk. Most settlements in the study area are located at downstream of the basin. This has increased the risk of flooding.

The purpose of this study are to locate suitable areas for green space development in Gorgan by combining AHP method and fuzzy logic in GIS. In this study, the gamma function with a value of 0.9 has been used. After these steps, the final map of the proposed zones for locating green space in Gorgan has been presented. To implement fuzzy operator in GIS environment, first the effective criteria in spatial organization according to the results of library studies have been extracted and also entered into GIS environment, which are: distance from communication routes, distance from industrial centers, distance From the available green space, distance from commercial use, distance from cultural use, distance from educational use, distance from city center, distance from medical centers, distance from religious use, slope, distance from fault. After standardizing the effective criteria using the fuzzy region method in GIS environment, each of these criteria is assigned a weight based on the AHP method. Then all these criteria were combined and finally a zoning map of lands prone to urban development was produced. Using natural fracture method, the map was divided into five categories: very suitable, suitable, medium, inappropriate and very unsuitable, and it was found that about 13.79% of the study area, which is equivalent to 1895.88 hectares, which is in the very class Conveniently located. This amount is 23.74% equivalent to 3263.356 hectares of the area for the class with suitable capability. About 26.21% of the city area, which is equivalent to 3603,234 hectares, is in the middle class. Also, about 22.40% of the area of Gorgan, which is equivalent to 3080.141 hectares, is unsuitable for green space development. Finally, about 13.87% of the area of the city, which is equivalent to 1906.501 hectares, is in a floor with very unsuitable potential for the development of green space in Gorgan.

Recognition and determination of ecological susceptible regions for proper bedding is importance and vital affair for regional planning and specially agriculture part. Climate and topography are main environmental components which altitude and cultivation product generation capability are depend their in every region.  So , studying of effective climate factors and elements on agriculture have special importance. In current study , in order to agriculture ecological homogeneous geographical regions determination ; satellite images of Geographical Information Bases (GIS) were used which they are provider of new horizon and dimensions for effective discovering and fields resources management and we try to show Rapeseed cultivation ecological zoning usage development by combining modern tools , instruments and methods at Ardebil plain region. In order to recognition of mentioned susceptible regions in studied case climate data statistics were used that they include ; temperature degree , precipitation, relative humidity and environmental capability data such as ; inclination, height and multi-criteria decision making based on Analysis of Networks Process(ANP). Then layers were prepared by weighting and according to criteria and they were combined and also layers overlapping were done on GIS environment and ultimate layer of fields proportion was prepared for Rapeseed cultivation. Based on results analysis , studied region fields for Rapeseed cultivation include 33/38% without limitation ; 02/10% of fields with low limitation; 96/33% with medium limitation ; 71/17% of fields with high limitation

Today, the world's greatest environmental threat is global warming and climate change. The consequences of climate change are water and food shortages, disease, unemployment and migration, poverty, resource crises and instability. The aim of this study is to zoning the country's regions of Iran based on geopolitical indicators of the effects of climate change. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and method. Data collection and documentary and survey information have been done with questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the research is purposeful and includes experts and specialists in the field of climate change working in meteorological organizations, the environment and passive defense. The questionnaire was designed based on the indicators of the effects of climate change and geopolitics and after distribution, 60 questionnaires were collected. Friedman's comparative test then prioritizes the impact of climate change on geopolitics, which are: 1- Poverty and Unemployment, 2- Dryness, 3 - Social security 4 - Production of strategic agricultural and livestock products 5 - Health and public health and 6 - Maintaining the balance of the ecosystem will have the greatest impact on the country's geopolitics. After that, the country's zoning was drawn using GIS software to validate the effects of climate change in the country's regions. According to the research findings, according to the prioritized geopolitical indicators, the effects of climate change in Sistan and Baluchestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, Qom, Bushehr and Alborz will be most affected. For this purpose, the government can use a medium-term and long-term plan to reduce the geopolitical challenges caused by the effects of climate change in these areas. Finally, it is necessary to implement effective methods such as watershed management and use of clean energy to reduce Greenhouse Gases emissions to adapt to the effects of climate change.

The purpose of this study is analyze the spatial distribution of health services in the country Iran and compare the level of health services in 31 provinces of the country.In this research, the current approach is descriptiveanalytical and applied in terms of its purpose. The data are derived from the secondary type and from the data available in the statistical journal of 1394.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used to weig the indicators. The TOPSIS model has been used to analyze the distribution of the level of the provinces and their ranking.The results of this study showed that the provinces of Yazd, Semnan, Fars, Ilam, Zanjan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Hamedan, South Khorasan and Chahar mahal Bakhtiari and East Azarbaijan provinces were the highest in terms of level of health services, And the rest of the provinces are in the next ranks.The results of the research indicate that balanced health services are not distributed in different provinces of the country.

The purpose of this study is analyze the spatial distribution of health services in the country Iran and compare the level of health services in 31 provinces of the country.In this research, the current approach is descriptiveanalytical and applied in terms of its purpose. The data are derived from the secondary type and from the data available in the statistical journal of 1394.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used to weig the indicators. The TOPSIS model has been used to analyze the distribution of the level of the provinces and their ranking.The results of this study showed that the provinces of Yazd, Semnan, Fars, Ilam, Zanjan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Hamedan, South Khorasan and Chahar mahal Bakhtiari and East Azarbaijan provinces were the highest in terms of level of health services, And the rest of the provinces are in the next ranks.The results of the research indicate that balanced health services are not distributed in different provinces of the country.

Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most important non-structural measures to reduce flood damage is the preparation of flood risk zoning maps and their use in spatial planning. In this regard, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff and identify flood zones and fuzzy logic was used to overlay the subject layers and prepare the flood line map. The simulation results show the high efficiency of HEC-HMS model in simulation of rainfall-runoff of Rudball catchment and estimation of peak flood discharges. The conversion of rainfall to runoff at the surface of the Rudball Basin is mainly controlled by geomorphometry and land cover. The highest peak runoff and peak flow rates are in the upstream sub-basins of the Rudball Basin. This is due to high slope, low soil permeability, abundance of impermeable surfaces and high CN. The combination of thematic layers using fuzzy logic showed that about 8.6% of the basin area was located in areas with high risk of flooding. These zones mainly correspond to the floodplain of the Rudbal River. These lands are always exposed to floods due to the low valley and low slope. Most of the settlements in the study area are located downstream of the basin. This has increased the risk of flooding.