جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « anzali » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The present study aims to investigate the role of free zones in rural development, challenges and strategies with emphasis on the role of Anzali Free Zone. The statistical population of the study includes households living in rural areas of Lijarki district of Hassan Roud. Five villages were selected as a sample based on the short distance and greater impact of these villages from the free zone. This research is of applied type and is based on descriptive-analytical and survey methods and two documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. In the field section, two separate questionnaires were used for data collection for village officials and rural households. Their reliability was obtained according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.821 and 0.736, respectively, which indicates a favorable situation. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software was used and their analysis using Wilcoxon test in the section related to measuring the status of facilities of the statistical test comparing the mean of t and Friedman, to measure the economic, social and physical status. The studied villages were exploited. The results obtained from the situation of the study area, in terms of economic, social and physical indicators indicate that the most effects from the perspective of heads of households and rural executives physical effects in rural areas with Obtained t, 3.522 and 0.774 respectively.

The height of the building is one of the important factors in organizing the urban landscape. This value is another variable affecting urban density, which is usually considered in regular rules and regulations on projects. In this regard, the use of lidar technology as a new tool in the field of aerial imaging, to calculate the height and building floors, is one of the topics discussed in the field of urban studies. What is considered in this research is to present a new method in urban planning based on extracting the height of buildings and the number of floors using Lidar super points, which includes two general steps. In the first step, the lidar data were filtered and separated from other lidar points related to land and vegetation using the elevation threshold method, and to produce a three dimensional model of the extraction and extraction of the extraction. The dimensions of each circle became two dimensional. Discovering the boundaries of buildings was made possible by creating points in each corner of the extracted building features. In the second stage, after extracting the first building boundaries and determining the points related to the buildings, the digital surface model information was assigned to the extracted building features and according to the assigned heights of the building floors by the nearest height method. The passage to the building was calculated along with the average height of the building above sea level (-26), which is referred to as the average height of the area. To complete the height of the buildings, the difference between the average height of the area and the height of the nearest passage to the building entrance was used. To find the number of floors, taking into account the height of the roof of the building, which according to the prevailing standards includes a range between 2.80 meters to 4 meters, was calculated and the building floors in four sections: one floor, two floors, three floors and four and It became more clear. The data source for the proposed system consisted of air borne Lidar data with rare vision and ultra Cam aerial Images. Were extracted. All the functions used enabled the system to successfully extract the structures from the lidar data. The obtained data and their matching with the samples taken in the field survey, show the accuracy of the boundary and the extracted classes are relatively good and the proposed system in terms of completeness, accuracy, and consistency of the data. It had a good performance. Finally, considering the research of Beilingwei U and et al., Under the title of automatic extraction of density information of urban buildings using lidar data and the results obtained in the present study, it was determined that aerial lidar technology has an extraordinary ability. In collecting very right and dense samples of altitude measurements of the city level has been provided and a new level of detail of right building height information can be automatically and efficiently extracted from the aerial data.

Extraction and processing of various features with the help of aerial imagery reduces the time and financial costs associated with the use of ground mapping and the resulting human error. Advances in the field of aerial sensors in terms of spatial and spectral resolution with precise place and performance picking up altitude from the ground have led to the use of each part of information about terrestrial phenomena such as spectral and spatial characteristics Brought. Today, complementary data used to detect complications are Lidar data, the sensor of which is sent and received, and the electromagnetic spectrum in the near-infrared spectrum (in its aerial form) and joined the spectrum. Pays close infrared and green band (in space type).

Lidar data and spectral images were analyzed using different types of algorithms effective in landfill extraction to assess density. New layers of images were obtained in the form of raster from the study area, which was analyzed by performing slope extraction steps on flat and sloping surfaces. Buildings that were definitely not buildings were removed. The size and spectral characteristics of the missing structures were identified and the parcels were redistributed to extract the impermeable surfaces. Which led to the achievement of two levels of parcels and impenetrable points. The data set is related to the northern part of Bandar Anzali, which includes a vertical aerial photograph, irregular cloud points of the region with dense one to two points per square meter with an average point space of 0.69 square meters, and vertical aerial photograph with spatial resolution. It is 8 cm square.

In this study, a different method for extracting buildings using airborne Lidar data and ultracam images was presented. The proposed system used geometric and spatial information of Lidar data and ultracam images, which included three general steps, in the first step; Lidar data were filtered and extracted using spectral clustering of buildings. In the second step; The obtained model was compared with the two-dimensional boundaries of buildings by the height threshold method. In the third step; After extraction, the first building boundaries were merged with the structures extracted by the checker algorithm. In the stage of separating terrestrial from non-terrestrial points, all points related to land were classified and extracted. The remaining points were classified as roof points, which were dealt with in the fault section of the buildings. All the functions used enabled the system to successfully extract the structures from the Lidar data.

The data for the first return points were subtracted from the data for the last return points and a fixed value was obtained which depended on the altitude accuracy of the difference between the two returns. In addition to the mentioned method, the clustering method was used during the research that each cluster belonged to a roof section so that the characteristics of each surface model could be easily determined.
Then, to complete the shape of the roof, the footprint of the building that was extracted was used. In fact, the borderlines and inner vertices extracted only part of the shape of the border. Other sections, such as vertical edges, were not detected due to intersection. This is due to the lack of front sampling. Finally, the items extracted through spectral clustering in eCoginition software and two-dimensional boundaries extracted from ENVI Lidar software, to increase the accuracy of land surface extraction (buildings) and make the area of ​​buildings studied in this data Were merged. As mentioned; After extraction, the primary building boundaries were merged with the structures extracted by the checker algorithm. In the section of buildings diagnostics, buildings with errors were discussed and the evaluation of the results showed that the system used has relatively reached the set goals and the methods used include the threshold method. Elevation, clustering, spectral method, and integration method were evaluated for each of the four blocks with error rates of 28%, 15%, and 0%, respectively, based on the area of ​​extracted tolls to the study area. The error of each building was first examined in general and then in detail, and it was found that aerial Lidar technology has an extraordinary ability to collect very right and dense samples of altitude measurements of cities and a new level of detail information can be Accurately extracted building density automatically and efficiently from aerial Lidar data. In 417 buildings that were surveyed and analyzed, the height of the buildings was achieved with high accuracy and all the buildings in the study area were extracted with a compact and organic density as well as scattered and planned.

Wetlands are mainly adjacent to settlements and there is a two-way relationship between wetlands and the stability of marginal rural settlements. As much as the stability of rural communities depends on the sustainability of wetlands. Anzali Wetland is also one of the important tourist attractions of Gilan and the livelihood of the inhabitants of the wetland in terms of agriculture, fishing and supply of raw materials for handicrafts depends on its life. The catchment area of the wetland has an area of about 374 thousand hectares and the study area in this study is 15 villages on the edge of the wetland. Also, Anzali Wetland is one of the important centers of tourist attraction in Gilan. Economic stability analysis in rural communities around the wetland is based on the model of the village ecosystem and the purpose of this study. The village has been examined. The analysis of economic stability in rural communities on the edge of the wetland is based on the model of the village ecosystem and the purpose of this study. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on a descriptive-analytical method. Indicators were developed to determine the degree of sustainability of the villages. Finally, the data were analyzed analytically and comparatively. Based on field studies conducted in the villages, it was found that the majority of the active population of these villages are engaged in agricultural activities affected by agricultural lands. Considering that most of the rice cultivation

Plans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey and complete the questionnaire,The results showed that the utility rate of these projects is less than its destructive effects. Tourism Plans have created employment in the region and provided economic prosperity in the region, water quality of the Talab Abad area was inappropriate for microbial purposes. It have sodium chloride and sodium and potassium minerals in this water. sample of water quality in the Chaperrodesman area showed that this water is suitable for microbial purposes, but its guidance is higher than the permitted limit, and salts and minerals (iron , Manganese, Nacl) is high in it. This sample is not suitable for drinking, but it is suitable for bathing.The amount of water TDS in this sample is 1016 mg / l.destruction of animal habitats and contamination of water and soil erosion. Also according to the experiments carried out in two sections of microbial and chemical water quality in the studied areas.

Tourism has always been important throughout history, but what has given a certain dimension to this activity is the potential of this activity in the field of employment and sustainable economy. That tourism has advantages and great potentials, it has the disadvantages as well, such as precariousness of moral principles and destruction of natural habitats.
Bandar-e-Anzali as one of the cities in north part of the country, has numerous tourist attractions, and is the destination of a great tourists every year. This results in many positive and negative aspects in this city. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and potentials of tourism in Bandar-e-Anzali. The method is developmental and descriptive-analytic.
The data have been collected by library and field methods. Data analysis was performed by means of stability barometer, and in designing the questionnaire, the Likert scale has been used. The population consists of Bandar-e-Anzali tourists that comprise 384 participants according to Cochran formula.
The results of the research show the average capacity of Bandar-e-Anzali's tourism with the score of 65.04, which the most effective components affecting tourism are environmental and structural components with the score of 65.04. Finally by using SWOT model, for tourism development of Bandar-e-Anzali, suggestions like potential advertising of Bandar-e-Anzali were presented in order to attract foreign tourists, collaboration with residents to preserve the natural and man-made attractions, etc.

Changes in infrastructure and natural ecosystems infection among rural communities is an example of recent developments. Perhaps the consumption patterns of urban development and the influx of some sources of pollution in the vicinity of villages and rural areas, environmental pollution, changing consumption patterns has provided the country's villages. In the meantime, one of the front lines of the relationship between man and the environment in rural communities, attitude and their approach to environmental features and capabilities will be around. It must be acknowledged that the human relationship with the natural environment in villages is from different cities. Rural livelihoods have a strong bond with nature. In addition, the formation of the built environment in the countryside, in the context of rural residential units are clearly influenced by their natural environment. This confirms the undeniable sensitivity and importance of the environment and designed to achieve sustainable and comprehensive development of villages. So, the present study is designed to answer the following questions:•what is the place of producing waste and lack of waste regulation in most important environmental challenges of rural areas?•what is the role of environmental pollution, changes in consumption patterns and the effects of the lack of rural tourism in the area under study?• To what extent public participation and education are effective in organizing waste in the studied area?THEORETICAL Framework: Today, besides the economic problems which made the most pressure in rural and agricultural parts of society, uncontrolled exploitation and destruction of the environment in rural areas which have direct exposure to natural areas are the most important problems in Iran that despite the sensitivity of continuing the issue dealing with the environment around us today is not well understood and analyzed. As the result of two reasons the villages are facing new conditions that their environment is full of pollution. First, because they are in transition from tradition to modernity, and in this way their life style and consumption patterns differ from the past and waste production in these areas is considered normal. On the other hand, expanding wave of tourism by producing large amounts of solid waste add to the hardships of the environment in these areas. This study is descriptive-analytic in nature. To do this analysis, common methods of data collection (both documentary and field) were used. In addition to documentary resources, (especially in developing the theoretical foundations of research and explaining the situation) field methods were also used to collect data. The field studies (from rural areas) were based on observations and interviews with local managers. The population consisted of 486 villages in the three cities of Bandar Anzali, Rasht and Roodbar. To collect data, 196 area managers (for example based on the standard table of Morgan) filled in the questionnaires. Cluster sampling was applied, too. Documentary and field studies showed that "the lack of surface water and sewage collection network," was the most important challenge of life in rural areas and "waste and lack of proper regulation of waste were in the third rank of environmental issues is the area of study. Based on the results of studies in the rural area, about 111 tons of waste is produced every day. Based on the components of the waste produced in the villages, 80.9 per cent can be recovered. Based on field studies of this research, 57 percent of the villages in the study use "house to house gathering" procedure. Burning the waste is prevalent in 33.3 percent of all villages of this area. The field studies of this research have revealed that in 87.5 percent of the sample a crisi called waste has been introduced. This study knows waste production to be related to population (69%) and the change of consumption pattern (87%).Of course, in connection with the organization of waste according to survey, the role of "public participation", "propaganda and education" and "Management are with 49.26% and 25%, respectively. Despite the complexity of the problem of waste management in rural areas, rural managers believe that environmental quality is not critical and even 86.8 of the environmental situation in rural areas is better than the last ten years. The results of these indicators suggest a close score of cities and homogeneity of the cities in the enjoyment of rural housing indicators. So that based on cluster analysis, more than half of the province of West Azerbaijan in the field of utilization of rural housing indices are in good condition and the remaining cities are located in the middle and low-middle ranks. Therefore, to establish a regional balance and moving towards sustainable development, it is necessary to look at the development of housing policies, particularly in sparsely populated rural areas and settlements that are isolated and marginalized; otherwise disparities are seen more and more and villages will be subsequently discharged. Today the villages next to the main towns, are the areas of biological-environmental challenges which totally changed the landscape of these areas. The results showed that environmental problems in rural areas in the study area are not the same due to geographical conditions and their performance, but the production of waste, particularly household waste is common damage to all villages in the area. And, the lack of regulation caused54 villages of the area to be in critical situation. Therefore, it is necessary to make an economic and environmental chance from the present threat by establishing waste separation workshops, forminga cooperative group and individual training in rural areas to develop recycling culture, and incentive policies Partnership (source separation).