جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "capital" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

 With the transfer of the capital, there will be two important impacts, its first effect will be to solve the problems of Tehran, and the second effect will be to create a balance of development in the territorial space of the country. In this research, the second effect of the capital shift will be analyzed. This research has two goals. The first goal is to investigate the role of Tehran in the development of the country's unequal spatial development, and its second goal is to study and analyze the movement of the capital and its impact on regional equilibrium in Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data collection tools were library (documentary) and questionnaire. The statistical community has been experts in land administration and regional planning. The sample size is 100 people. Samples were selected through targeted sampling (judgments). To analyze the data, the coefficient of distribution, cluster analysis and regression analysis were used. The results show that the impact of capital shift in different options in experts' opinion can not be effective in balanced country development and the most appropriate strategy for experts in distributing decision power in the regions of the country (the capital of the system).

Landuse planning goals as the main core of urban planning are classified and studied from different aspects. The inclusion of additional value of surplus funds in the city can highlight capital funding. Following this, changes in urban land demand as the spatial changes of activities and functions occur.The commercialization of residential areas and the tendency of residential landuse changes are the disadvantages of these changes,which constitute a major part of residential neighborhoods of Tehran metropolis ,especially the northern neighborhoods of the city. The main structure of Nasr neighborhood in the 2th district of Tehran is based on Gisha street. The most important issue is multiplicity of commercial land uses in the Gisha street. According to the observations there is a bank in every 45metres of the street , while the performance radius of bank activities is defined in the region scale. It is argued that land price growth, financial and speculative justifications of these changes can cause pressure on the environment.Therefore, according to the above mentioned factors,the main objective of this study is identifing the factors affecting landuse changes in the Gisha street.
The research method in this study is documentary , local survey as well as the use of factor analysis in order to determine factors affecting landuse changes.By using this method, accessibility,landeconomics and activity distribution and neighborhood structure were considered as three factors affecting land use changes in the Gisha street .
Finally, in order to plan to control the speculative consequences of these changes , the analysis of external and internal factors with regard to indicators in questionnaire, SWOT table and finally defensive strategy to offer strategies and policies was adopted these strategies were presented in two categories: sustainable management of income sources of urban management and control of changes in land use changes.

Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate collective action and mobilize resources. James Coleman believes that projecting social capital as recourse is one of the ways to introduce social structure in to the paradigm of rational action. City branding is the representation of this action in the field of cultural economy actors of the city which is a collective consequence and necessity arising from the complexities from the field of globalization, financial capitalism and Hollywood cinema.

Research Aime: 

general explanation and theoretical understanding of social capital and city branding, explanation and reasoning of the role of social capital and social network in capacity building of the production of city brand, evaluation of the social capital in the scale of street, neighborhood and whole city in second district of municipality, evaluation the effect of multi level social capital in capacity building of "Shiraz brand".

The research method is descriptive- analytical. Three- level scale of street, neighborhood and the whole city of 2 district of Shiraz municipality has been considered to measure social capital.

Studied Areas: 

2 district of municipality of is one of the eight districts of Shiraz municipality that placed in the south and west of the historical context and it extends along Modares and Abuzar axes to the western borders of the Shiraz airport. Its area is over 1680 hec and currently it has population of 178000 people.    

Shiraz is the city of Hafez's poetry. The representation of collective spirit in the literacy of city and romantic poetry and pre- branding of Shiraz. This article is looking for urban creations and capacity building such as business and brand through the reproduction of social capital in the 2 district of Shiraz municipality.

The results of the research indicate that the structural reproduction and capacity building of Shiraz brand is in the international context with the social capital of people.

The current article is done with the aim of investigating the effects of tourism on social capital. Today, tourism has become widespread and has become a science, and its widespread causes deep effects and problems. On the other hand, social capital is necessary for the development of any country. Every country and society needs planning in the field of social capital in order to be able to follow the ways of cultural and economic development and evolution. Social capital is also affected by factors, one of which is tourism. In this research, a semi-guided interview method has been used. Our statistical population is the people of Shahr Kashan and our sample size is people aged 15-60 living or working in Fin and Vanyaser areas. The obtained results show that social capital and tourism have a significant relationship and social capital has been affected by tourism in some components. The current article

The quality of living in cities is directly related to the quality of urban spaces. Determining the quality of urban space depends on the factors of space production. Despite the development of urban planning and architecture knowledge in the contemporary period, the quality of living in cities does not seem very favorable. The government and capital are in a close relationship and are considered to be the most important factors in the production of urban space in the contemporary period, including the city of Zanjan. The production of space in the contemporary period of Zanjan city has mainly been done in the form of land preparation plans. The findings of the research show that during this period, more than 94% of the total land was prepared through the direct intervention of the government or the cooperatives owned by the government employees. land development by the government has provided the conditions for land rent and creating added value in this way and has turned the land and housing sector into a safe place for capital reproduction. This shows the indisputable role of the government and capital in producing the urban space of Zanjan.The research method in this article is qualitative based on the purpose of the research and because the nature of the subject is non-measurable and non-quantifiable variables and the data under review are documents, textual and statistical data. Based on this, the method of conducting descriptive (post-event)-analytical study. To analyze the influencing forces on the production process of urban space, the "multi-issue-multiplayer Mector" model was used, and to evaluate the degree of coherence and in the spatial interweaving of the city, the correlation coefficient at the comprehensive and local level, as well as the depth coefficient, were used.Keywords: space production, government, capital, urban space, Zanjan city

Since the 1980s, urban spaces have become a place for the role of capital and capitalist systems, and it has somehow affected various aspects of human life. This influence, influenced by the power of capital and its fluid nature, has caused the geographical spaces of the city to be increasingly affected by the functioning of the capitalist system, in the last few decades, it has attracted the attention of a diverse range of researchers active in the field of urban studies. One of the areas of the city that has been particularly affected by the capitalist system is the public spaces of the city. Until the 1980s, a major part of the function and costs of the city's public spaces depended on the governments, which considered themselves obliged to provide free urban services, but with the spread of the conservative approach to political economy, which made the governments seek to reduce their public costs. be, the opportunity arose for capital and capital owners to control and manage the public spaces of the city. This research, with a critical attitude and using the library-document method, aims to examine the effect of capital on the public spaces of the city. The findings of this research show that the public spaces of the city, which used to be a place for social and civic actions, are transforming their identity under the influence of the spatial function of capital in controlling public spaces, and this has made these public spaces more than public functions. They are taken out and become places that provide profit for capital owners.

urban public organizations have increasingly used advances in information and technology to open organizational and executive processes to external actors and to involve them in these processes.Instant access to technologies introduces different forms of participation in urban decision-making and helps to improve public service delivery. this research, an attempt has made to study and analyze the impact of social capital, participation motivations, and intention to use online participation tools on citizens' online participation in city of Rasht. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method and the statistical population of this study includes residents of Rasht city in the winter of 1398. The sample size was considered 384 people using Cochran's formula. After determining the samples based on purposive sampling, a research questionnaire was distributed among the samples to collect information. , social capital questionnaires, participation motivations, intention to use online participation tools and online participation were used to measure the research variables. Indicators of research questionnaires obtained from related studies and research background; it was localized based on the research conditions and the studied city. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Lisrel using descriptive statistics and equation . Findings showed that social capital has a significant effect on the intention to use online and online participation tools. In addition, the research results showed that participation motivations have a effect on the intention to use online and online participation . The intention to use online participation tools also has a significant impact on online participation.

Suburban spaces are one of the growing consequences of urban growth. This practice has become an epidemic in the space organization system in most countries, especially developing and declining ones; Because most of these spaces have grown without pre-planned. One of the serious missions of the space development planning and management system is to strive to regulate the system of changes in the organization of suburban spaces and the rule of development in the heart of these settlements. In order to achieve the goals of development planning in suburban areas, this study has tried to study and analyze the spatial-spatial status of living capital in settlements on the edge of Birjand. The results showed that the growth of instability and the spread of dissatisfaction in the space economy of the regions has led to overflows of population and talented manpower around the cities and has turned these centers into places of accumulation of "low / income human capital" in geographical areas. Considering that financial assets are one of the weakest types of five livelihood capitals in suburban areas, it has led to the creation and fomenting of the dialectic of construction and reconstruction of the "space poverty trap" near the metropolis of the region (Birjand). Spatially, suburban settlements, which also have the least natural barriers to physical development and are adjacent to the main intercity access roads in terms of location, have been the focus of immigrant population from cities and villages. Also in this group of suburban centers, you can see the highest amount of five livelihood capitals compared to other settlements. Regarding the city of Birjand, such suburban spaces are mainly concentrated in its west.

Capital movement from Tehran to other cities has been among the issues for more than 220 years but nothing has been done for it due to some reasons. So the goal of this paper which is written by descriptive – analizing and survey method is to identify the main obstacles and the challenges of processing the capital and to present the strategies to remove the obstacles. So 7 element as Economic, political, security, executive, social-cultural, legal and natural-ecological elements are selectid in 55 items and are weighed by the academic elit people. Then after analizing the information and using the structural equations model the results show that the legal factor holding 10 items is the most direct (0.089) and indirect effective and the natural-ecological factor is the last effective (0.033) in moving the capital. Also the results of the network analyzing model for preference survey shows that the experts give priority to executive obstacles which hold final weigh 0.218 and compatibility rate 0.222 and stands at the first grade in the priority survey of the obstacles.

Excessive centralization of population and facilities in Tehran, increases urban problems in the capital, on the one hand, and causes increasing problems in other geographical areas of Iran, on the other hand. Besides, it consequently is threatening the security and development of the country. Various schemes have been proposed to manage this situation. The present study aims to gather and classify the data choosing the best solution to organize the capital of Iran. The current article is the exploratory- analytical one, applied research using library and field data collection (questionnaires and interviews). The solutions were classified in the form of five main options and rating criteria including the ability to run, speed of execution, influencing volume, lower operating costs, economic considerations, political and environmental security. They are then determined by using AHP technique. The most important organization options are prioritized as the following, the internal organization of Tehran, decentralization, territorial approach, creating and strengthening poles rival to Tehran and transferring the capital. Therefore, national authorities are suggested to concentrate on the Tehran problems instead of wasting the time thinking of transferring the capital.

Agriculture still constitutes the backbone of the rural economy and is an engine of rural household income growth in developing countries. According to the evidence, agriculture sector has an important role also in rural economy in Islamic Republic of Iran. Thus, in order to promote rural economy, rural development programs and policies have been focused on agricultural investments. Although the focus was on agriculture, investment in agriculture has not been completely successful and has been faced with challenges in recent years. In particular, in Zanjan Province, most agricultural investments have been from Small and Medium Agricultural Enterprises (SMAEs) development over the period of 2005-2010. The facts indicate that SMAEs development has not been completely successful, and so, alongside favored SMAEs projects, there are some unsuccessful SMAEs projects. Therefore, there are two groups of investment projects (successful, failed). Failure is resulted in losses of resources and it has high costs for the firm, the society and finally the country’s economy, so, in order to prevent losses of resources and for the best resource allocation, Success/failure projects should be recognized and separated beforehand. This study aims to introduce a pattern for recognizing and predicting failure of agricultural enterprise projects by classifying failed projects from non-failed projects based on predictors’ variables. Therefore, there is a binary classification problem in this research. Neural Network (NN) has been widely used to investigate classification problems, and NN presents several advantages compared to traditional methods such as logic and discriminate analysis. Among NN models, Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) is the most common neural network for binary classification problems like failure/success project prediction. In addition, based on a review of the literature, Investment Climate (IC), project properties, and individual characteristic of investor are effective factors on enterprise growth, therefore they can be used as predictors of each project’s failure/success. This study used literature survey methods to investigate the key predictive variables that affect performance and survival of agricultural enterprises and can be used to identify causes and develop models to predict project failure. Area of this study is the rural areas of Zanjan province, which is one of the 31 provinces in Iran and is located in the western-north part of the national territory. The data set of this study consists of a sample size of 231 agricultural investment projects that are situated in rural area; in addition, owners of the projects were introduced to receive loans from banks. The data sources are Statistical Center of Iran and Former Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Based on a review of the literature, we used Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network based on Back Propagation algorithm with one hidden layer, for building forecasting model. Inputs of Network is finalized of 16 predictors/ independent variables and network output is a categorical variable that classifies projects into two groups (success=1, failure =0). To implement network, the Neural Network Toolbox in Matlab was used in this paper. In order to implement and evaluate the network, 231 sample cases (projects) were divided into four subsets: 139 cases for Network Training, 46 for Testing, 46 for Validation, and 31 cases as New Input/Data in the real world. The training approach selected was the Batch updating method and optimized algorithm of SCG. The activation functions were selected to be sigmoid. Efficiency of the NN was identified by using MSE, ROC curve, and, the error percentage, measured as the percentage of wrongly classified cases. Findings, based on a review of the literature, indicate that Multilayer Perceptron NN with Back Propagation algorithm and one hidden layer is an appropriate tool for pattern recognition in binary classification problems. As a result, the network topology that was determined through trial and error experiments, and based on prediction accuracy and MSE criteria, the optimal network architecture has been identified in an iterated training process, including: an input layer with 16 nodes, a hidden layer with 24 nodes, and an output layer with 2 nodes. Results show that the overall accuracy is 77.5% with Type I and Type II errors recorded at 20.8% and 25%, respectively. Therefore, the acquired model can classify the failed projects better than the non-failed projects, with 79.2% against 75% accuracy rate. So, we can conclude that the model accuracy rate for bank and financial institute's managers, and, rural & agricultural policy makers is 79.2% and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, in order to further examine the developed model’s predictive ability in the real world, we evaluated the network ability by using 31 new samples via the Batch method. The results indicate that the overall accuracy rate of the model’s classification decreased to 64.5% when it was used for the new samples in the real world. As we did, an NN model can estimate and produce the failure probability of each project based on predictors, and then it can help decision-makers to separate proper projects from improper projects and to allocate loans for projects whose success probability is high. So, we can conclude, not only for the knowledge and experiment of decision-makers, an NN tool can also be a useful tool for capital resources allocation in order for rural and agricultural development.

In recent years, various philosophical, political, social and economic schools have had a clear and profound influence on the geographic debate and have created new ideas. Radicalism is also one of these schools that was able to provide a deconstructive approach to solve as much as possible the problems that space had to deal with, and to eliminate many of the established trends in geography. It is within this approach that radical geographers consider geographic space to be a historical-socio-political category that has been inscribed in nature. But what is most apparent in this school is the exploitation of Marxist and socialist ideologies.
This article seeks to answer the question whether the legitimacy of radicalism in geography is due to its opposition to the views and frameworks that shape the geographic space for the benefit of the owners of power and capital or merely a paradigm that challenges the space perspective. To reach this goal, the author has tried to collect and analyze the issues using the documentary research method and referring to library resources. By studying the foundations of radicalism and its different perspectives, it clarifies the extent to which this school has been influenced by other ideologies as well as its impact on geographic studies, and discusses the various spaces that the advocates of this school have introduced in geography.

The transfer of the capital is a problem that has always been a concern of the past governments of Iran, so that after various experiences of the transfer of the capital by Shah Abbas, Nadir Shah, Karim Khan Zand and others to cities such as Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz, Aghamohammadkhan of Qajar, determining Tehran as the everlasting capital, sewed the dress of traffic jams on Tehran's body and started the process which led to multi-billion trades in this city so that the small village became such a metropolis. The capital or political center in Iran, like its political boundaries, has had many ups and downs during the history of the country, and, subject to the change of government, its capital, except in a few cases, has been moved from city to city.
A glance at the historical past of this change reflects the various motivations that have displaced the political center of the country in accordance with the time, place and social structure of the state, by preserving the political strategy and geopolitical issues of the time. These motives were mainly first political-security, and in the second place economic-social.
Tehran, which today is the capital of Iran, does not have a long urban history. This city has long been one of the small villages of Rai, and the city of Tehran has grown since the Qajar period and its capitalization. These days, some have raised the issue of transferring the capital or the center of the country to another place. Concerning this suggestion, various and different opinions have been expressed.
In this paper, we tried first of all to consider the transfer of the capital, in general and by considering the circumstances we are in on the one hand, and on the other, the experience and objectives of the countries that have chosen the new capital. Then, in contrast to the proposal to transfer the capital in the present situation, which public opinion may consider as a kind of escape from responsibility, we attempted to examine the main issue or the search for a solution that would allow the gradual elimination or modification of the problems of Tehran metropolis.