جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « county » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The rapid growth of urbanization in Third World countries is causing regional balances to collapse; in the meantime, the adoption of some economic policies attracts facilities into several limited areas and the backwardness of other One of the issues facing planners in different regions of the country is the risk of developing major cities in the face of the underdevelopment of small towns and rural areas. This article aims to study and compare the cities of Ilam province in terms of developmental indicators and their developmental extent by using TOPSIS and AHP method with emphasis on system attitude. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant imbalance between Ilam and other counties of the province, and the city of Ilam is the only city with other provinces in the province. Thus, it can be said that the total number of Counties in the province of Ilam is only 14.3% and 85.7% of them are deprived.

The issue of the quality of the residential environment is one of the most important issues in the process of sustainable rural development. In recent years, this topic has been the focus of academic researchers and environmental planners. Since any planning and formulation of sustainability policies aimed at improving the quality of rural residential environment requires identifying and analyzing the status quo, this research tries to identify and analyze this issue. Indicators are the most important criteria for identifying and measuring the quality of a residential environment. So far, various indices based on Physical - spatial conditions have been presented in scientific research. The first attempt of this research was to identify and document the indices and indicators of the quality of the residential environment based on the environmental conditions of the study area. By identifying the indicators, the aim is to answer the following questions. A) What is the quality level of living environment in the studied rural settlements? B) What is the relationship between respondents' contextual variables (age, education, residence, income and cost satisfaction, and job satisfaction) with their assessment of the quality of the residential environment? C) Which of the components of the quality of the residential environment has the most impact on sense of place component?

The present study is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. Documentary content analysis method was used to formulate theories and obtain research indicators and indicators. In this study, a questionnaire was developed by the researcher. The indices are based on the viewpoints of 20 academic professors and 15 rural researchers in the field of scientific documentation. In the present study, the level of analysis of the village and the unit of analysis of hous eholds residing in the village. The sample size was 195 households. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Results of identifying indices of quality of living environment based on the opinion of university professors and researchers in the field of rural studies 62 indicators in the form of 6 major indicators (enjoyment and access to services and facilities, people and social relations, security and peace, body and architecture, space Housing and Environmental Health Unit) as the basis for the analysis.Findings regarding the status of residential environment quality indicated that the highest average value (3.6) and standard deviation (1.1) belonged to the indicator of having good memories of the village and the lowest average value was 1.77 and The standard deviation of 14/1 is for the public service indicator (gas station, fire station, etc.).The calculated coefficient of variation indicates that the lowest difference is related to the housing facility and the highest difference is to the public service indicator (gas station, fire station, etc.). In sum, a survey of average ratings in terms of 6 key components of the quality of the residential environment shows that the lowest and highest mean values were related to the components of access to services and facilities (2.45) and the people-relationships component, respectively. Social (equal to 3.33). Also, based on the calculated coefficient of variation, the component of people and social relations has the least dispersion and the environmental health component with the coefficient of variation equal to 0.39, has the highest dispersion and difference.

The results showed that except for two components: public relations and residential space, the other components are in poor and below average condition and the indicators of quality of living environment are lower than average. Zadeh and Alizadeh, 2013; Qadermarzai, Zare Moghani and Ziyari, 2013; Peasant Research, 1398.The results showed that except for two components: public relations and residential space, the other components are in poor and below average condition and the indicators of quality of living environment are lower than average. Zadeh and Alizadeh, 2013; Qadermarzai, Zare Moghani and Ziyari, 2013; Peasant Research, 1398. The results also showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between major indices of quality of residential environment in the study area. Other findings of the study showed a significant relationship between the variables of age, income satisfaction, education and length of stay with residents' assessment of the quality of their residential environment. In other words, people who had higher age, income, length of stay and education than those with lower levels of these variables rated the quality of their living environment more favorably.In this regard, the results of regression indicate significant effect of contextual variables on income, age and education satisfaction on residents' evaluation of the quality of rural environment. This part of the results is in line with the results of Hassan Research, 2003; Huang & Dave, 2015 ; Lin & Lee, 2017 ; Khatouni Abadi, Saberi & Ebrahimi, 2011 ; Dehghani, 1398 . Finally, considering the results obtained in order to improve the quality of the residential environment in the study area, the following suggestions are offered: 1) Improving the status of facilities and services in rural areas: Surveys showed that among the six indicators studied, the index of enjoyment and access to services and facilities is less favorable; 2) Promoting environmental health in rural areas through measures such as landfill collection, etc., planning for the disposal of surface water and runoff ; 3) attention to the promotion of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rural housing ; 4) Supervision of construction in rural areas; 5) Consider public participation in the preparation and formulation of physical development plans that can have an effective role in enhancing the quality of the residential environment.

Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.

Aim of the study:

 The purpose of this study is to investigate the poverty situation in a comprehensive way by Alkheimer and Foster method in Kermanshah province.

This research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this study, the dimensions of the poverty index are similar to the multidimensional poverty index of the human development reports of the United Nations Development Program and the data used in this study are taken from the general population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. The statistical population of the study includes Kermanshah province and its sub-sectors including cities, rural and urban areas.

The results show that 2.77% of the households in the province are poor and their severity of poverty (A) is equal to 2.79%. Also, the adjusted census (MO) ratio is equal to 3.93. On the other hand, the rate and severity of poverty in urban households is higher than rural households. 55.5% of urban households and 1.22% of rural households are poor. The severity of poverty in urban households is 1.63 percent and in rural households is 1.16 percent. Finally, urban and rural areas of Kermanshah province were compared based on the amount and severity of poverty.

According to the results of urban areas, the cities of Ravansar, Songhar, Kangavar and Hersin, which have the lowest poverty, are in the first floor. The cities of Gilan-e-Gharb, Dalahou and Thalas Babajani were located on the second floor, and Kermanshah, Islamabad, Javanroud and Sahneh were located on the third floor and the rest on the fourth floor.

Today, most theorists on the development and reduction of deprivation, especially rural development, believe that sustainable development cannot be achieved without people's participation, and that the transition period has been made easier, faster and less costly with people's participation. Rural civil society with a participatory approach has played a fundamental and fundamental role in the comprehensive development of rural communities. This role will be fulfilled by providing public facilities such as drinking water, baths and schools to improve the living conditions of the villagers and their participation (Roumani et al., 1977: 64).

There has been much debate about the word participation and its literal meaning, but overall its meaning can be described as involvement, activity, and effectiveness (Alavi Tabar, 2000: 15). People's participation means voluntary cooperation and their freedom in the development process (Ibrahimzadeh, 1998: 2). Social participation is in particular the concept of conscious, spontaneous, voluntary and purposeful participation of individuals and groups in social affairs of the community and to facilitate work, expedite and facilitate the conduct of community affairs and contribute to social development goals (Ennorouzi et al., 1386: 95). People's participation in the development process is so credible that they see development as equal to participation. Participation is a process of decision-making and problem-solving, and is applied to individuals and groups who have different interests, interests, expertise, and perspectives and work to benefit those whose decisions and actions will affect them (Tiamsoon). Sirisirisak, 2009: 406).

In order to achieve the goals of the research, careful selection of appropriate research methods and tools is essential. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its data are obtained by library method (for formulating theoretical principles of the subject) and field method (questionnaire). In order to collect field data, after trying to identify the research variables, a questionnaire was used to collect the required data in the study area. For data collection, the sample was distributed and distributed among the local population. Therefore, the statistical population of this study consisted of 8 villages in Bisheh suburb in the central part of Ghaemshahr city. 188 specimens were identified based on Cochran soft formula and Census formula of 1395 and error of 0.07%. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by the faculty of geography at Sari Branch of Azad University. Reliability of the research instrument was calculated by Cronbach's alpha at acceptable level (0.756%) indicating that the research instrument was appropriate. The collected data were analyzed according to the type of research question by appropriate statistical methods such as (one-sample t-test, cluster analysis, independent sample t-test and by-pass model).

The results of the one-sample t-test of the average calculated barriers of local people's participation in rural development were compared with the hypothetical average (3) and showed that the true mean of total respondents' perceptions of economic-financial, personal and personality barriers, institutional and information, and The correlation is larger than 3 and is moderately high, and is significant and generalizable to the whole population, given the significance of these barriers, which is less than 0.05. According to the final centers of the clusters, the mean values of the variables in the second cluster are relatively higher than the other clusters. This indicates that in the second cluster, given the sample size, the barriers to local people's participation in rural development are greater than in the first cluster. The results of ANOVA table show which variables have the most role in clustering. Therefore, the significance of social, cultural, economic, financial, individual and personality, institutional and organizational barriers and information and communication barriers of error smaller than 0.01 have the greatest role in separating clusters. Therefore, respondents' opinion was divided into two groups. The results of WASPAS model showed that the highest Qi was observed in the village of Pashaklafrakti and the lowest Qi was observed in Pashaklafaraki village. This means that the villages with higher Qi have more severe barriers to local people's participation in rural development. And less Qi villages have less barriers to local people's participation in rural development.

Today in Construction of cities and determining their geographical extremities paid to city and regional balance, coordinated urban and rural relationships, spatial balance and balance of human and environment. Creation and growth of sprawl in urban areas with long geographic extremities in regions of my country, disappears balances where villages are scattered and organizational relationships between urban and rural areas does not exist. Planning’s must been distributed to follow the physical, economic, humanity properties on all the area cities and short limbs ranging from murals, Until harmonious and balanced relationship with all the urban area is preserved. Methodology of research is comparative-analytical, Marand country and Marand city are geographic area of this study. Required information collected from the SCI, Management and Planning Organization of East Azerbaijan province, Housing and Urban Development Organization in province, the governor and municipality of Marand city, and has been analyzed through demographic and economic models and computer software has been analyzed. Thus, the "Tensile model", "Location Quotient" and "Shift-Share Analysis" is used. In this paper, function of Marand city as middle city, in social, special and economic structure of Marand country have been studied, with using model of economic, population and spheres of influence. Models of population shifts Show increase in the special imbalance of country in over time. Based on the analysis population, this city can attract top people, especially from domain of country. System of population of country moves towards centralist with over time that is due to focus on facilities in the center of country. Checking tensile ratio, rates of immigration and growth rates the cities of Marand country, indicates that this country is immigrant transmitter, but the Marand city have power attract of population and its immigrants city, and transmission migratory phenomenon continues in rural settlements in country-level. Based on economic models in Marand city, two parts services and industry has based-economic conditions, and specially services sector in the employment in region and sphere of influence works successfully. Checking of shift-share analysis and Location Quotient model, shows that Marand city has service role in country-level in 1375-1385 course, and process increase the number of workers and shift-share analysis model shows strong growth in the service sector in Marand city so that study of increase rate employees in different parts of the Marand city and country indicate that industry and agriculture sectors in the period 1385 - 1375 has reduced in number of workers while the number of service workers has increased. Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and the periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country. therefore it is necessary While giving the facilities and services at higher rates to Marand city and eliminate them deficiencies and proportion with population growth in various aspects, must be attention to small towns and villages around it in terms of creating employment opportunities and provide educational and therapeutic services such as high levels and clinic, until organic growth is obtained to a small town, medium city, big city and villages in whole system, and the field to create a balanced urban system be provided. While private investment in these areas and deprived areas, use from control policies and incentives to invest in these areas. The purpose of this paper is review the population - economic function middle city of Marand in space development- level. Population models show that only Marand city contains 80 percent of urban population into country and about 16 times larger than the second city. Also, only 50 percent of total city population is residing in the city of Marand. Marand city possess power tensile of population, while the tensile strength ratio has been lower or negative than other cities, also balance of migration in Marand city has been positive and in front of balance migration whole of country is negative. Economic models indicators that Marand city has services role and basic economic conditions and then industry sector contains a basic economics conditions, but also in the agricultural sector is component of non-basic economy in level of Marand city as well as country. review on spheres of influence from Marand city shows that a major part of the city's services dedicated to the sphere of influence and service needs for spheres of influence is first in importance, Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and them periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country. Based on the analysis population, this city can attract top people, especially from domain of country. System of population of country moves towards centralist with over time that is due to focus on facilities in the center of country. Checking tensile ratio, rates of immigration and growth rates the cities of Marand country, indicates that this country is immigrant transmitter, but the Marand city have power attract of population and its immigrants city, and transmission migratory phenomenon continues in rural settlements in country-level. Based on economic models in Marand city, two parts services and industry has based-economic conditions, and specially services sector in the employment in region and sphere of influence works successfully. Checking of shift-share analysis and Location Quotient model, shows that Marand city has service role in country-level in 1375-1385 course, and process increase the number of workers and shift-share analysis model shows strong growth in the service sector in Marand city so that study of increase rate employees in different parts of the Marand city and country indicate that industry and agriculture sectors in the period 1385 - 1375 has reduced in number of workers while the number of service workers has increased. Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and the periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country. Therefore it is necessary While giving the facilities and services at higher rates to Marand city and eliminate them deficiencies and proportion with population growth in various aspects, must be attention to small towns and villages around it in terms of creating employment opportunities and provide educational and therapeutic services such as high levels and clinic, until organic growth is obtained to a small town, medium city, big city and villages in whole system, and the field to create a balanced urban system be provided. While private investment in these areas and deprived areas, use from control policies and incentives to invest in these areas. The purpose of this paper is review the population - economic function middle city of Marand in space development- level. Population models show that only Marand city contains 80 percent of urban population into country and about 16 times larger than the second city. Also, only 50 percent of total city population is residing in the city of Marand. Marand city possess power tensile of population, while the tensile strength ratio has been lower or negative than other cities, also balance of migration in Marand city has been positive and in front of balance migration whole of country is negative. Economic models indicators that Marand city has services role and basic economic conditions and then industry sector contains a basic economics conditions, but also in the agricultural sector is component of non-basic economy in level of Marand city as well as country. review on spheres of influence from Marand city shows that a major part of the city's services dedicated to the sphere of influence and service needs for spheres of influence is first in importance, Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and them periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country.