جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « isfahan province » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

 the lack of an appropriate model in crisis monitoring and management has added to many problems in this area. The province isfahan has lost a lot of resources due to the lack of integrated management and planning, infrastructure and structural problems, cumbersome laws and regulations in the field of control and management of crises caused by natural hazards, which leads to a comprehensive approach to management. And requires monitoring of land, water, soil, manpower, and the evaluation and explanation of the appropriate planning model. Given the recent situation in Isfahan province and the increasing trend of unprecedented natural and unnatural disasters in this province, as well as unstable villages, having a general analysis of various indicators of the crisis is now considered an undeniable necessity. For this reason, it is important to study the effective components in crisis management and provide a model appropriate to the conditions of rural areas of Isfahan province.

The present study was conducted by analytical-descriptive method with the aim of presenting a crisis management model in rural areas of Isfahan province. The statistical population includes 22 experts of the General Directorate of Crisis Management of Isfahan Province. The tool used to collect information was a questionnaire that was designed with regard to reviewing the research field and conducting individual interviews with experts of the General Directorate of Crisis Management. It has two parts. The first part was related to the respondents' personal characteristics including gender, age, level of education, occupation, number of households and income. The second part was questions related to natural hazard management and was used in the form of a five-level Likert scale (very low = 1 to very high = 5).The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the corrective opinion of university professors and experts and after making the necessary corrections in several stages. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to assess the validity of the measuring instrument.

The strength of the relationship between the factor (hidden variable) and the observable variable is indicated by the factor load. The factor load is a value between zero and one. If the factor load is less than 0.3, a weak relationship is considered and ignored. A factor load of between 0.3 and 0.6 is acceptable, and if greater than 0.6 it is highly desirable. It can be seen that all the observed variables had positive and significant regression effect coefficients with their scales and the magnitude of these coefficients is relatively high for all cases, of all factor loads at the level of / 001. They are meaningful. As can be seen, in this table no significant level is reported for the factor loads or the standard regression coefficients of the five observed variables. This is because these variables are considered as reference variables for planning, education and promotion, rules and regulations, information and infrastructure, respectively, so that these variables are hidden without scale, in other words. That is why the initial path diagrams on the arrows corresponding to the paths between these observed variables are considered to be the hidden variable corresponding to the values of 1, the AVE criterion showing the mean variance to it is shared between each structure with its own characteristics. Simply put, AVE (average variance extracted) is used to validate convergence and shows a high correlation between the indices of one structure compared to the correlation of indices of other structures. The value of this coefficient is from zero to one variable that values higher than 0.5 are accepted. Convergent validity or extracted mean variance (AVE) for the planning index / 766., Education and Extension Index was 0.711, Rules and Regulations Index was 0.799, Information Index was 0.526 and Infrastructure Index was 0.626. Also, the value of structural reliability coefficient or combined reliability (CR) varies from zero to one. Values above 0.7 are accepted, which is / 755 for the planning index., Education and Extension Index was 0.737, Rules and Regulations Index was 0.802, Information Index was 0.514 and Infrastructure Index was 0.526, which indicates the appropriateness of these subscales.All path coefficients show high values, the intensity of which was observed in relation to the factor loads of the variables. These are: planning (0.30), education and extension (0.18), rules and regulations (0.66), information (0.46) and infrastructure (0.22).

Findings showed that the first factor, called "planning", is the result of the thinking of individuals and the participation of that community. Therefore, it is necessary to look at them in accordance with the environmental conditions and the potentials and capabilities of the region. Therefore, this factor is one of the important factors for crisis managers that requires careful attention and strategic and practical thinking. This factor can be compared with the research findings and which in the research believe that crisis management requires planning of all stakeholders in society.The second factor, referred to as "education and promotion", showed that this factor, according to personal needs and changing sciences and special circumstances, will provide the basis for reducing vulnerability, so it is necessary to Providing integrated management of education and promotion of villagers should be at the top of crisis management priorities.The third factor, called "weakness of rules and regulations", has been approved as one of the main structures in crisis management. In fact, this structure is considered as one of the most important and challenging factors in crisis management. Therefore, this factor showed that the enforcement of laws and regulations can play an important role in improving crisis management and therefore it is necessary to pay major attention to it at the national, regional and local (rural) level. This factor can also be compared with the research findings which emphasized this index in their research, and mentioned it as the basis for improving rangeland management.The fourth factor, called "information", can help manage crisis through the use of knowledge and up-to-date information. This factor can be compared with research findings and they believe that receiving knowledge and information, especially indigenous knowledge from various sources is effective. Also, the role of formal and non-formal education should not be overlooked.The fifth factor, called the "infrastructure factor", indicates that structural facilities can provide the basis for better management. This factor can be reconciled with the research findings. He states that infrastructure and structural indicators are one of the important factors in improving crisis management.

Water is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of water resources and its transmission. These mentioned factors will show the importance of the water sector and economic and social security at the national level. One of the inter-basin water transfer projects that is being studied and implemented is the transfer of water from Beheshtabad to Zayandehroud. Beheshtabad project is the name used to transfer water from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces to Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman provinces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of inter-basin water transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which has been collected using descriptive-analytical research method and using library resources and internet sites. The results of the findings show that most experts believe that the implementation of this plan has negative consequences on the provinces of origin in particular and on national security in general. Political activism, security challenges (ethnic conflicts), social, economic and environmental tensions resulting from not studying and incorrect feasibility of the plan are among the issues that make the justification of its implementation appear unjustified.

ose of this paper is to investigate the barriers and challenges of home businesses from the perspective of home business experts and owners using the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis. The purpose of this study is applied research and descriptive-analytical in nature and has a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups. The first group included experts from the Bureau of Co-operation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Crafts and Tourism, and the second group consisted of home business owners. The sample size for the first group was 28 people using snowball or chain sampling and the second group is based on the statistics of about 1000 people in rural areas of Isfahan province which was determined 276 people according to Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Delphi technique was used to identify the existing challenges of Isfahan rural communities home businesses. Results in the qualitative part of the study indicated that the most important challenges facing home businesses are structural and managerial factors, policy making, financial and economic, individual-personality, research and information. In the quantitative section, using confirmatory factor analysis, there are 5 factors, namely: financial and economic factors, managerial and structural factors, weaknesses in comprehensive rules and policy, research and information, and personal and personality factors which are 78/73. Explains the percentage of total variance

The aim of this article was to present a strategic plan for the development of smart greenhouses in Isfahan province using the qualitative method of SWOT analysis. In this paper, the solutions for developing smart greenhouses based on maximum use of strengths by relying on opportunities, overcoming weaknesses by exploiting opportunities, using strengths to reduce threats and minimizing weaknesses by avoiding threats are presented. The results of this research show that the development of smart greenhouses in Isfahan province while reducing water consumption and environmental effects can increase product quality and profitability. On the other hand, the development of smart greenhouses in this province needs to overcome limitations such as high initial investment cost, technical complexity, need for maintenance and dependence on external factors. Also, the results show that the development of smart greenhouses in Isfahan province can use some favorable external factors such as increasing demand and low prices of greenhouse products compared to the global market. Some adverse external factors, such as sanctions, social resistance in accepting innovation, and market fluctuations also affect this process. This article provides suggestions for future research policy and addressing the cause of some gaps, limitations and challenges in supporting the smartening of greenhouses in Isfahan province.

One of the basic solutions to control and reduce the destructive effects of floods is to identify flood prone areas in the regions. Identifying flood sensitive points is one of the best methods for planning and identifying areas affected by floods. For this reason, determining flood-sensitive areas plays an important role in flood management in natural resources. For this reason, the current research is trying to determine the flood-prone areas in Isfahan province by using two methods of random forest machine learning and support vector machine and 3327 flood occurrence points. Environmental factors in four main groups including topographical factors (altitude, slope direction, steepness of slope), climatic factors (rainfall, relative humidity, wind, temperature), biological factors (vegetation and soil moisture) and man-made factors (distance from areas residential, distance from road, distance from agricultural land, distance from waterway) were prepared. The accuracy of the used models was evaluated using the area under the graph (AUC) and cross evaluation statistics. Examining the AUC index showed that both models had good accuracy, although the random forest model (AUC = 0.97) had higher accuracy than the support vector machine model (AUC = 0.86). According to the results of the random forest model, about 41% are in the high risk class and about 20% are in the low flood risk class. Also, in the support vector machine model, about 29% is in the high risk class and about 30% is in the low risk class.

Tourism as a service sector and a branch of sustainable development, has the potential to empower communities. Empowerment is specific to vulnerable groups in society who are socially excluded. Development theorists consider empowerment as an effective strategy in reducing gender inequalities in capacities, access to resources and opportunities, and the way to sustainable development. Tourism development can play an important role in empowering women by increasing the power of women and their control over resources. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of community-oriented tourism in the economic, social and cultural empowerment of women in the villages of Isfahan province. In this regard, in the present applied research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, the empowerment status of rural women was measured by collecting data. The statistical population of rural women of Isfahan province is N = 317163. The number of samples was selected based on Cochran's formula of 384 people and then their analysis was done with inferential tests (chi-square, one-sample t-test, path analysis). was done. The obtained results showed that according to the obtained average of 3/42, it can be said that the state of empowerment is at a satisfactory level. Meanwhile, the average of the economic dimension with an average of 38 The social dimension was calculated with an average of 3/45, cultural factors were calculated as 3/43. The theoretical perspective of the research and the results of the statistical analysis used in this research showed that the development of tourism in the economic, social and then cultural empowerment of women in the villages of Isfahan province.

Water is one of the main elements of life and the basis of a wide range of socio-economic activities, and its lack causes serious problems in life. Population growth and the development of industrial and agricultural activities have increased the demand for water resources and turned water supply into one of the main challenges in arid and semi-arid regions. According to climatic classifications, large parts of Isfahan province have dry and semi-dry weather and the average annual rainfall is about 163 millimeters. However, this province has been faced with the increase in economic activities and population growth for the last 6 decades, which over time has led to a chronic lack of water, and since the last two decades, with the worsening of the water shortage situation, some signs of water crisis have appeared. Some of them are: the complete interruption of the flow of the Zayandehroud river in a large part of its riverbed, the complete drying of the Gavkhuni wetland in the downstream, the occurrence of subsidence in a large number of plains of the province, the unemployment of farmers in the downstream of the river, and persistent political and social protests. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the occurrence of water crisis in the province is one of the most important steps in facing this phenomenon, and the current research seeks to identify the factors that cause this situation and rank these factors.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to identify the factors affecting the water crisis in Isfahan province, the data was collected through the literature review. The collected affecting factors categorized into 7 main factors and 27 sub-factors. Then, they organized in the form of a questionnaire, and after that by referring to 15 experts and specialists; the initially identified factors were modified and ranked through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique using the Expert Choice software. In this stage, the factors that based on the answers of the experts their average score was less than 3 were eliminated, and thus the final factors were reduced to 5 main factors and 16 sub-factors.

Due to its centrality in the country and due to political considerations and despite severe climatic limitations, since the last 6 decades, Isfahan province has faced the establishment of large industrial factories and the development of agriculture, followed by the increase in population and the growth of urbanization and immigration. This situation and the sharp increase in water consumption have caused the province to face a severe shortage and even signs of a water crisis. The findings of the research show that the five political, human, agricultural, industrial and climatic factors have the greatest influence on the occurrence of water shortage and crisis in the province with weights of 0.325, 0.271, 0.189, 0.124 and 0.091 respectively. Among the five identified main factors affecting the water crisis in Isfahan province, the political factor has played the biggest role. It can be said that the current state of the water crisis in the province is the result of the decisions of the political managers in the past 6 decades, which has intensified over time. Since the last two decades, some obvious signs of the water crisis have appeared in the region. The complete interruption of the flow of the Zayandehrud river in large part of its riverbed and the drying up of the Gavkhuni wetland are the most notable cases. Also the land subsidence in large number of plains even in Isfahan city, which caused damage to houses, public places and historical and touristic buildings. The unemployment rate increased among the farmers in the downstream due to the lack of sufficient water for farming leads persistent socio-political protests.  

The continuous development of industries, cities, agriculture, and the population of the province has increased the demand for water consumption and destroyed the ecological balance, and threatened the water resources. With the continuation of the increase in the establishment of industries, immigration, development of agriculture and services in Isfahan province, the situation of water shortage is intensifying over the time. It seems that in order to improve the situation, it is necessary for the policy makers to reconsider the fact that Isfahan province is an industrial hub and has the first rank in many cases of agricultural and industrial production. They should decide for the gradual transfer of high water-consuming industries and the control of immigration and revision in development plans and changing the cultivation pattern of agricultural crops towards low water-consuming crops, which are appropriate to the province's climate.

People migrates for various reasons in order to improve Living conditions.Although scholars disagree about the causes of migration, but in general, the reasons for migration can be divided into two groups: economic and non-economic. In other words, it can be said that economic and non-economic attractions cause migration. Although international migration has attracted more attention in academia, it must be kept in mind that the volume of domestic migration is much larger than that of foreign migration. In Iran, after the land reform and the tendency of central planning to industrialize the country, with the shaking of the rural production system and the prosperity of the oil economy in the city, the migration of rural to the city began and so far most research are concentrated on rural migration to city and the problems created in this process and intercity migration have not been studied; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the attractiveness of cities and the rate of their immigration in Isfahan province between 2011-2016. For this purpose, the economic and non-economic attraction of the cities in the mentioned years was calculated using the gravity model. Then we created a regression relationship between the logarithm of the rate of migration of cities as a dependent variable and the amount of economic and non-economic attractiveness of cities as independent variables. The model was significant at error level of 5% and the coefficient of determination of model was 0.70, which indicates a good fit of the model. The results show that in Isfahan province in the mentioned years, the most important reason for internal migration is non-economic motivations.

Problem design: 

Exploitation systems form the basis of Iran's agriculture and show the type and form of the relationship between man and nature. The correct and principled use of nature and production inputs and tools by humans is of great importance in agricultural exploitation. Such a use could show itself in the stability and dynamics of exploitation systems.

This research was based on the comparative analysis of small peasant exploitation systems and production cooperatives with regard to sustainable development indicators in Isfahan Province.

The research was based on an applied method in terms of purpose and a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature. The data collection method was based on a documentary-survey approach.

WASPAS technique showed that the social, economic, and environmental dimensions in Arg Rudasht Company had the highest rank compared to those of other companies. Also, the higher value of Qi (0.0506) in the production cooperative exploitation system in the production cooperative company compared to its value of 0.0787 in the small peasant system in the mentioned company indicated the greater success of the production cooperative exploitation system compared to the small peasant system. Also, Golestan Kanawat, Berzuk, and Teng-e Chayedeh companies were in the lowest rank compared to the other companies. With the help of CODAS technique, the small peasant exploitation and production cooperative systems were measured. The results showed that Arg Rudasht company was higher than the other companies in both the small peasant exploitation and production cooperative systems in Isfahan Province. According to the calculated Euclidean distances, the production cooperative system was more successful than the small peasant exploitation system. Also, according to the CODAS technique, Tang-e Chayedeh and Sardab Sofli companies had the lowest ranks in the small peasant exploitation and production cooperative exploitation systems.

Research innovation: 

The innovation of this study was application of the mentioned indicators that were appropriate for the local conditions, types of the tests, and the studied places.

AbstractDetermining and implementing development programs, due to the weakness and inefficiency of systematic communication between different sectors of agricultural and livestock production with the capacity of natural resources (water and rangelands), processing industries, financial institutions, and distribution of inputs and livestock products in the country needs special focus and attention in order to identify the capacities, potentials, and interactions affecting the livestock industry. A systematic relationship between different sectors of production and supply in other countries has been established by using the connection of production flows, exports, and import terminals with the cooperation of powerful private sectors. The systematic localization of communication is essential for improving and creating sustainable development in the livestock industry of the province. IntroductionFollowing the United Nations' declaration of decades of development in the early 1960s, the issue of development in developing countries has been at the forefront of the agenda of UN agencies and international development institutions. The concept of sustainable development reflects the undeniable fact that ecological considerations can and should be applied to economic activities. These considerations include the idea of ​​creating a rational environment in which the claim of development to advance the quality of all aspects of life is challenged. Initially, several definitions of development were proposed to mean the improvement of social life. Thus, one of the major development challenges of the 1970s was tackling malnutrition and global hunger.There has not been much study in Iran regarding the structural and institutional factors affecting the sustainable development of the livestock industry. The situation is the same abroad. The studies have been mostly on the factors affecting the sustainable development of other sectors such as tourism, sustainable rural development, and so on. To fill the gap, this study aims to explain the sustainability of the Isfahan livestock industry. The general aim of the present study is to design appropriate and scientific planning for the improvement and development of livestock production in order to increase the productivity of livestock production and related industries in line with the optimal use of existing potentials and capabilities.Materials and MethodsThis research is survey research and questionnaires were designed to achieve the research objectives appropriate to the statistical population of the project. In addition, observational interview methods were used to obtain more information. To analyze the data and information, various methods of descriptive and inferential statistical analyses and network analysis of stakeholders using SPSS / PC+ software have been used. Results and DiscussionDeveloping a sustainable development plan for the Isfahan livestock industry is a key step toward achieving the goals of livestock sub-sector development. This program with a comprehensive view and a special view of animal husbandry in the province with the headline of general land management policies, while emphasizing the growth of competitive production based on knowledge and productivity in the framework of a resilient economy and constructive interaction with the world, has been developed as the first sustainable development program.The results of the study indicated appropriate and scientific planning to improve and develop livestock production in order to increase the productivity of livestock, poultry, other poultry and bees based on existing upstream documents, macroeconomic policies of the country, and a comprehensive view of the requirements of sustainable development programs in the livestock industry Provinces. It can be concluded that the capacity of users to successfully adapt to various conditions, including financial resources, participatory networks, knowledge and information, infrastructure and technology, is currently weak Keywords: Sustainable Development, Animal Husbandry, Effective Factors, Potential, Isfahan Province. References- Anonymous (2010). Basic plan of Isfahan province. Isfahan: University of Science and Technology Press.- Anonymous  (2014). Land use planning studies and strategic development document of Isfahan province Agriculture. Isfahan: University of Isfahan Publication.- Anonymous (2017). The plan of compiling the development documents of the cities of Isfahan province with the model of resistance economy–agriculture. Isfahan: University of Isfahan Publication.- Consulting Engineers (2001). Provincial Synthesis Studies of the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Plan of Isfahan Province. Isfahan: Institute of Agricultural Planning and Economics Research.- Consulting Engineers (1997). Comprehensive studies of agricultural revitalization and development and natural resources of Zayandehrud watersheds. Isfahan: Institute of Agricultural Planning and Economics Research.- Faghiri, H., Yusop, Z., Othman, M., & Krauss, S. E. 2019. Structural Analysis of Factors Affecting Dairy Cattle Industry Development in Malaysia. Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies, 1(1), 23-42.- Isfahan Jihad Agricultural Organization (2014). Agricultural Statistics of Isfahan Province. Isfahan. (n.p).- Ministry of Jihad Agriculture (2016). Agricultural Statistics of 2016. (n.p).- Ministry of Jihad Agriculture (2016). Investigating the production process of the country's products during 4 decades. (n.p).- Mirzaei, Sh., & Nouripour, M. (2014). Analysis of barriers to industrialization of animal husbandry: a case study of Qaleh Ganj city of Kerman province. Journal of Rural Research, 5(4), 705-736.- Radcliffe, M. (1994). Sustainable development. Translated by Hussein Nir. Tehran: Ministry of Agriculture, Publications of the Center for Agricultural Studies, Planning and Economics.- Saei, M., Shakeri, P., Salehi, A., & Rahmani, S. (2021). Factors Affecting the Sustainable Development of Animal Husbandry Industry in Rural Areas of North Kerman Province. Quarterly Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 10(3), 97- 112.- Sajjadpour, M., & Ahmadi Khoy, A. (2011). Conceptual Development and Components of the International Food Security Regime. Journal of Political Science, 6(4), 145-175.- Statistics Center of Iran (2014). General Agricultural Census of Isfahan Province. (n.p).

Development, which is in various dimensions, including economic, social or cultural, can affect the structures of society and vice versa, social structures. This influence and effectiveness is the reason why planners pay attention to it and its dimensions. Study. One of the manifestations of development is the improvement of employment and the issue of unemployment. Home-based businesses have been very effective in reducing unemployment due to their unique benefits, and the countries that have used them to strengthen these jobs have achieved remarkable positive results. Starting a business with the least initial capital, the possibility of working part-time, the existence of short-term training courses, no need for significant space, etc. are undeniable capabilities that home and family businesses have and require attention Jedi reveals this opportunity Social structure refers to structural features that make it possible to distinguish and distinguish similar actions in different temporal and spatial domains and give them a systematic form. The structure consists of rules and resources that play a role in the reproduction of social systems, ie rules that are formulated in social interaction and determine for social actors how to act socially and achieve goals . Many problems of Isfahan province in the employment sector on the one hand and also considering the unemployment rate of 5.5 percent in rural areas of Isfahan province between 1397 and 1398 on the other hand has caused to get out of this situation to look at home jobs in particular. Be. As a result, it is obvious that any kind of activities related to home-based activities cause economic, social, and cultural changes in rural areas. The creation of this type of business is one of the contemplative consequences of the desired developments. . Due to the importance of the subject, the present study aims to investigate and evaluate the effects of this type of domestic work on the social structure of rural areas of Isfahan province. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and causal research in nature. The statistical population of the study includes all villagers working in home-based businesses in Isfahan province, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran in November 2016 was 296581 people. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the statistical sample size, based on which the sample size is equal to 384 households were estimated. Then, using probabilistic random sampling method, the questionnaires were distributed among 95 villages of Isfahan province that were randomly selected in 1398. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part was related to the personal characteristics of the respondents including gender, age, level of education, occupation, number of households and income. The second part related to the effects of home-based jobs on the social structure of the respondents was used in the form of a five-level Likert scale (very low = 1 to very high = 5). (Hafeznia, 1389: 74) Formal and content validity of the questionnaire And the experts of the University of Isfahan and after making the necessary corrections were approved in several stages. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha method has been used to assess the validity of the measurement tool. Results Findings showed that the statistical population in terms of gender was 16.4% female and 83.6% male. In terms of education, 46.7% of the respondents had literacy, 48.3% had a cycle degree, 4.2% had a diploma and 0.8% had a bachelor's degree. The mean age of the respondents was 47.7 (standard deviation: 9.55) years, the youngest of whom was 20 years old and the oldest of whom was 74 years old. Most of the villagers surveyed in this study are married with a frequency of 91.6% and single at 8.4%. The results of the research show that 32.5% of the respondents stated that they are insured and 67.5% are uninsured. The strength of the relationship between the factor (hidden variable) and the observable variable is indicated by the factor load. The factor load is a value between zero and one. If the factor load is less than 0.3, a weak relationship is considered and ignored. A factor load of between 0.3 and 0.6 is acceptable, and if greater than 0.6 it is highly desirable. It can be seen that all the observed variables had positive and significant regression effect coefficients with their scales and the magnitude of these coefficients is relatively high for all cases, They are meaningful. As can be seen, in this table no significant level is reported for the factor loads or the standard regression coefficients of the five observed variables. This is because these variables are considered as reference variables for social harms, health system, participation and social communication, demographic structure and migration, respectively, so that these variables are hidden without scale and In other words, they should be eliminated without roots and their unit of measurement (Ghasemi, 2010). That is why the initial path diagrams are considered on the arrows related to the paths between these observed variables with the hidden variable corresponding to the values of 1, the AVE criterion represents the average variance shared between each structure with its own indicators. Simply put, AVE (average variance extracted) is used to validate convergence and shows a high correlation between the indices of one structure compared to the correlation of indices of other structures. The value of this coefficient is from zero to one variable that values higher than 0.5 are accepted (Fornell et al., 1981: 50-39). Convergent validity or extracted mean variance (AVE) for social harm index / 766. The health system index was 0.711, the participation and social relations index was 0.799, the population structure index was 0.526 and the migration reduction index was 0.626. Also, the value of structural reliability coefficient or combined reliability (CR) was from zero to Is a variable that values above 0.7 are accepted, which for the social harm index is / 755. The health system index was 0.737, the participation and communication index was 0.802, the population structure index was 0.514 and the migration reduction index was 0.526, which indicates the appropriateness of these subscales

One of the basic requirements for achieving a continuous and sustained development is the analytical review of related structures in relation to developmental issues. Various structures and organizations are responsible for development agencies, especially in rural areas. But the fundamental question is, to what extent they are aware of their social responsibilities. This research attempts to investigate and evaluate social responsibility of Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization as one of the responsible institutions in rural development in Iran in the form of a case study of Isfahan province. The statistical population of this research is the staff of the research and the promotion of Jihad in Isfahan Province, of which 158 statistical samples were selected and the social responsibility of this institution was assessed by these individuals. The main tool of the research was questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by experts of the university and Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization and reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient higher than 0.7. The results of the study showed that the social responsibility of Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Isfahan province has not been favorable in terms of promotion of employees, especially in the field of philanthropy activities. The psychological factors of employees have affected the amount of this assessment from their point of view. Also, there is a positive relationship between the organizational commitment of the staff and the degree to which they have assessed the social responsibility of the organization.

The tourism industry with a multidimensional nature, in addition to meeting the needs of tourists, causes major changes in the host community system. Therefore, the government is trying to provide the opportunity to benefit from the positive aspects of this industry by providing and valuing tourist attractions in areas with potential.Order and security are the main prerequisites for the development of tourism. In this context, ecological analysis of order and security can provide a general framework based on the capabilities and limitations available for rural tourism planning. Ecological analysis of order and security is one of the best practices and frameworks for better understanding of areas and planning for order and security in tourism; Because ecology is formed from the combination of natural and human factors, and if a plan is based on different canons, many of the problems in the field of order and security are also addressed.The purpose of this research is ecological analysis of order and security in rural tourism in Isfahan province.

The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and based on field data. The data of this study are qualitative and collected through interviews. The method of data analysis is qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts related to tourism and rural development, which was 15 people according to the theoretical saturation stage and repetitive results. In fact, the snowball method was used to select the sample and due to the fact that the results of the interviews were close to each other and reached the repetition stage, so it was not necessary to continue interviewing more people. After collecting the interviews, coding and data analysis began. In order to analyze the data, the data were coded according to the collected findings. Then they were organized and the final results were obtained.

According to the ecological framework, which is based on natural and human factors and the relationship between the two, the study area was divided into three classes. Mountainous area, dry plain and arid-desert. The analysis of various experts on order and security in rural tourism in the mountainous region is included in 11 cases. In interviews with experts, these 11 factors in the field of order and security and its maintenance in the direction of rural development and ultimately rural tourism is considered effective, which is the reason for not using new methods in irrigation to reduce water issues as the most important factor. Experts' analysis of order and security in rural tourism in the dry plain area has been summarized in 12 cases. Accordingly, one of the most important factors that play a role as a threat to order and security in the villages of this area is the lack of proper management methods in the field of water resources. The issue of water in the villages of the province is becoming a problem, and in some cases, it has led to many security issues, and on the other hand, it has overshadowed the order and security of many villages. According to them, the lack of employment and economic activity in the villages of the desert area is one of the most important factors.Qualitative content analysis is based on the opinions of 15 experts related to rural development and tourism issues. The results were presented in two sections: natural and human factors. According to experts, the natural factors influencing the management of order and security of rural tourism can be summarized in ten key concepts. One of the most important of these concepts is water management. Also, in terms of human factors influencing the order and security of rural tourism in Isfahan province, diversification of the rural economy is one of the first key concepts inferred from interviews with experts.

The results showed that water management, drought management, development of natural tourism attraction, strengthening of desert tourism are from the most influential natural factors and diversification into rural economies, population stabilization and reduction of migration, strengthening of facilities, improving access roads and reducing unemployment the most important human factors Influencing the order and security of rural tourism. The eastern part of the province, which is mostly plain and desert, has more restrictions on the order and security of rural tourism. The most important requirements of security and order in rural tourism can be mentioned to remove blind spots desert, the development of clean energy, division of the province to tourism areas, population stabilization, Local community participation, the management of water resources and etc.In general, considering the natural and human structures of Isfahan province and in more detail its rural settlements, the model of order and security in rural development and tourism is defined and framed accordingly. In fact, the management challenges of rural tourism order and security in the province are not only due to human issues, but are mostly rooted in natural issues and lack of proper management in this area. Geographical algebra of the environment can be the best description in this field and this issue can not be ignored in the province, especially in the east. Based on this concept and in line with it, the model of order and security in rural tourism should be defined. In fact, the management and model that is implemented in the villages of the mountainous area can not be applied in the desert area; Because, first of all, the type of crimes and security problems are different in these two areas. Secondly, its natural and human structures are very different. Based on the prevailing natural and human structures and according to different ecosystems, the pattern of order and security of rural tourism should be redefined.

Rural areas have experienced various evolutions in terms of structure and function, causing some vagueness regarding rural conceptions and identities. Agriculture, as the most fundamental rural activity, has had severe evolutions. This paper aims to structurally analyze the spatio-temporal evolutions of agricultural rurality in Isfahan province by conducting a comparative study considering villages consisting of more than four households during two agricultural censuses in 2003 and 2014. The same variables were extracted and two series of cross-sectional and one series of longitudinal indicators of agricultural rurality and its evolutions were calculated. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal evolutions were modeled using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure. Rate of employment in agriculture, stakeholders’ per capita land, irrigated lands and irrigated cultivation were the indicators affecting agricultural rurality in both years. Results generally showed that water as input and its sub-indicators have a more determinant role in agricultural functionality than land; also, this functionality has mainly been based on farming rather than gardening. Regional analysis on the mean structures of agricultural rurality indicated the negative impact of the changes in employment rate in agriculture and farming stakeholders and contrarily the positive impact of the changes in farmers’ literacy rate and gardening stakeholders on the evolution of agricultural rurality among three groups of mountainous, plain and desert rural regions. This impact has been more influential in terms of employment and literacy rates. The changes of irrigated lands have only affected the evolution of agricultural rurality in desert rural regions.

According to villagers' perspective on creative tourism, the common definition is that local residents should be proud of the creative space of the village, accept active participation in tourism development programs, and have an appropriate hospitality with regard to tourism. The purpose of this perspective is not considering local residents as a tourist destination and not assuming that only tourists can achieve a notable evaluation of the local creative space. Instead, residents should be considered as a group having an understanding of the originality of the creative space in their living place which will explain their attitude to the environment and be better hosts for tourists. In other words, tourist destination should not be regarded as a commercial package being sold to the tourist and causing destruction in the space (i.e. the sold out products). Cultural and legal discourse, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of the residents should be considered in this package. Preserving the natural environment of the living place is one of the concerns of residents in the villages of Iran and they expect tourists to pay more attention to creative tourism (cultural tourism, village tourism, etc.) to protect the natural environment and consider other aspects. In addition, the status of host and the areas with better acceptance are of great importance in the villages of Isfahan province, being visited by many tourists. In this regard, the present study pursues two main objectives. The first goal is to cluster tourism villages based on behavioral and environmental factors and the second goal is to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral and environmental factors on hospitality by residents being tested using the structural equation approach.

The present study was survey in terms of method. The main tool was a questionnaire in which the scoring method was adjusted based on five-option Likert scale ranging from very high to very low. Amos software was used for modeling and k-means clustering analysis was used for separating the target villages. The obtained data were displayed in the Scatter plot. The statistical population included the residents of the target villages of Isfahan province. A number of 187 subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method and the questionnaires were distributed randomly.

The items related to "villagers’ attitudes" variables were higher than the average. In variable "participation", the items of participation in environmental preservation, participation in guidance, and interaction with tourists had a good average. In variable "perception ", all items gained a good average. In variable "physical infrastructure", the status of the target villages was acceptable and finally, the villagers were satisfied with hospitality. The results of clustering indicated that the villages of plain region (hot climate) including "Mesr, Garmeh, Bayazeh and Qortan" were placed in cluster 1 (higher average) and the villages of mountainous region including "Abyaneh, Asfarajan, Khafr and Nashlaj, Abyaneh" were placed in cluster 2 (lower average). Scatter plot indicated that environmental factor improved the behavioral factor. The coefficient of determination (R2) revealed that 79% of behavioral factor was explained by environmental factor and there was a good correlation between environmental and behavioral factors.

In summary, the research model suggested that if two factors of behavioral and environmental in the village have creative features, they will affect the hospitality by villagers. In addition, the effect of behavioral factor was reported. In other words, perception, attitude, and participation of villagers are good predictors for the realization of hospitality. However, the role of environmental factor was highlighted. Furthermore, the environmental features of villages such as cultural, physical and environmental space had a serious effect on hosting tourists. The maximum average of creative hospitality variables was reported in the eastern villages of Isfahan province (Plain region with hot climate) and the villages of Mesr, Garmeh, and Bayazeh had the best conditions. Such results can be interesting for researchers in behavioral geography. Considering the behavioral factor and rural originality will significantly improve the hospitality by villagers and the interaction with tourists. The importance of the present study on this point indicated that no negative effect was found on damaging the rural originality and identity in the target villages of Isfahan, being visited by a large number of tourists.

Runoff is one of the most important components of the hydrologic cycle. Since there are no observational data in basins lacking statistics, the process of calibration and validation of hydrologic models seems impossible in these basins. On the other hand, predicting runoffs in basins lacking statistics is essential for planning and management of the basin (runoff estimation, ecosystem services, flood control) (Beck et al., 2016). However, predicting the runoff in basins lacking statistics has been comprehensively discussed using the calibrated hydrologic model in basins having observational statistics through the zoning approach (Yang et al., 2019:67). The zoning approach has been identified as the cheapest and most prevalent solution for solving the prediction problem of flows in basins lacking statistics (Cislaghi et al., 2020:348). According to the definition of the zoning approach, predicting runoff in basins lacking statistics is done using data transfer from basins having statistics to the basins lacking statistics (Rojas et al., 2016).

To conduct this study, firstly SWAT model was calibrated and validated in the watershed basin having statistics; then, the calibrated parameters were transferred to Sukcham basin which lacked statistics, to simulate and analyze the flow using hydro office-FDC software. To analyze the sensitivity of parameters in the zoning approach and for simplifying the complex structure of hydrologic models like SWAT, minimizing the number of parameters in the modeling phases was a necessity. To this end, firstly, a sensitivity analysis was done for the basin having statistics using 14 sensitivity parameters affecting the flow. According to the global sensitivity analysis, the parameters were ranked in SWAT CUP-SUFI-2 based on the sensitivity level and considering two P-value and T-stat factors. Later, 14 parameters having high sensitivity in the basin having statistics were calibrated and transferred to the basin lacking statistics (Sukcham) using zoning and physical approaches.

According to the obtained results from sensitivity analysis of 14 sensitive parameters in the flow simulation, SLSOIL, HRU-SLP, CH-S1, CANMX, SOL-AWC parameters were recognized as the most sensitive parameters of the region. The performance evaluation criteria of NSE, R2, and PBIAS models, respectively, for the calibration periods, were 0.6, 0.65, and 10.7 and for the validation, periods were 0.47, 0.63, and 11.88, showing the acceptable accuracy of daily discharge simulation in the daily scale. After calibration and validation of SWAT model in the basin having statistics and the basin lacking statistics (Sukcham), the daily time step was applied for the 2008-2015 period, and the calibrated parameters of the basin having statistics were transferred to the basin lacking statistics through zoning approach and using physical characteristics. Considering Table (9), the average daily outlet runoff, as well as the average volume of annual outlet runoff for the basin lacking statistics (Sukcham), were estimated. The estimation of such information from basins lacking statistics can present managerial views toward controlling the flood and preventing the occurrence of devastative floods as well as providing the required water sources for filling the aquifers and agriculture in dry regions. Considering Figure (9), the moisture indexes (Q10-Q20) were respectively 0.12 and 0.16 m2/s (10 and 20 percent of the days in a year (33 and 73 days)), discharges were 0.12 and 0.16 m2/s or more. Considering the average extracted index from the curve, flow duration was obtained, respectively, 0.115 (30% of days in a year (110 days)), 0.111 (40% of days in a year (146 days)), 0.094 (50% of days in a year (183 days)), 0.081(60% of days in a year (219 days)) m2/s. Moreover, the scope of low flow index (Q70 toQ95) for 256 and 347 days of a year was obtained 0.058 and 0.024, respectively. In addition, the flood index (Q5) was 0.28 m2/s (5% of days in a year (18 days)), for which the flood discharge equaled 0.28 or more.

Considering the performance evaluation criteria, the performance of SWAT in dry basins having statistics was good and satisfactory in the daily scale of calibration and validation phase. According to the results of administering the SWAT model in the basin lacking Sukcham statistics, the average daily runoff flow (0.107 m2/s) and the average volume of total annual outlet runoff (million m2) of this basin have been estimated. Then, the flow duration curve was drawn for the Sukcham River in the hydro office-FDC software. Considering the results of the flow duration curve of the Sukcham River, it could be concluded that the scope of moisture, moderate and low flow indexes were respectively, (0.12-0.16), (0.081-0.115), and (0.024-0.058) m2/s. Moreover, the flood index (Q5) was obtained 0.28 m2/s for Sukcham River; which meant that regarding 5 % of the days in a year (18 days), the flood discharge equaled 0.28 m2/s or more. The extraction of these results may help in better recognition of hydrologic behavior of basins lacking statistics for planning and management purposes of water sources such as controlling sudden floods and providing drinkable water and agriculture.

Agriculture, as one of the most important human economic activities, is closely related to the climatic conditions, and any changes in the climatic conditions can have dramatic changes in agriculture. The main objective of this study is to investigate the spatial changes of the Agro Climatic Feasibility Rosa damascena mill Cultivation in Climate change Condition in northern part of Isfahan province including Kashan, Natanz, Ardestan and Aran Bidgol, under the four carbon dioxide emission pathways (RCPs)of 2050.  Two groups of factors involved in agroclimatic feasibility of Rosa damascena mill cultivation including environmental factors (topography, soil) and climatic factors were extracted. Based on these factors, suitable zones of Rosa damascena mill cultivation, were identify using Fuzzy gamma function. In the next step, by simulating the climatic elements of the region in 2050, under the four carbon dioxide emission pathways, the fifth report of the IPCC, replacing the simulated climatic variables of 2050 under the four lines, by re-implementing the fuzzy gamma function, favorable areas of cultivation Rosa damascena mill was identified in each region in each scenario. In the next step, by simulating the climatic elements of the region in 2050, under the four carbon dioxide emission pathways, the fifth report of the IPCC, replacing the simulated climatic variables of 2050 under the four lines, by re-implementing the fuzzy gamma function, favorable areas of cultivation The Rosa damascena mill was identified in each region in each scenario. The results showed that in the base period climate, about 0.33% of the area (9025 km2) has a climate suitable for cultivating Rosa damascena mill and more than 67% of the area of ​​the region has a weak talent. The results of the simulation of the climatic conditions of 2050 under four carbon dioxide emission lines indicate that, under all scenarios, favorable areas for cultivating Rosa damascena mill in the studied area have increased. In the trajectory of 8/8 release, the highest class of agro-colliery was the cultivation of the flowers of Mohammadi gardens