جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « life quality » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The quality of life is a scientific term, a concept for examining how to meet human needs, as well as a measure for understanding the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups from different aspects of life. Therefore, recent researches and studies on the quality of life are focused on the main method in the first methodology, measurable social and economic indicators are used to determine the amount and how to meet human needs, and in the second methodology, based on the personal reports of people from their life experiences that it is called subjective life and their level of satisfaction is investigated. What are called objective indicators of quality of life are generally focused on social and economic variables, but subjective indicators of quality of life are based on information obtained from personal reports. They focus on thepersonal reports of people from their life experiences and are actually complementary to social and economic indicators.However, in the field of quality of life, both methodologies have their own views, and the use of each point of view is also accompanied by limitations, because the quality of life is greatly affected by time and geographical location, and the components and factors that make up the quality of life depend on them. Therefore, the quality of life is a multifaceted concept. It is relative, and affected by time and place, and individual and social values that have objective and external dimensions on the one hand and mental and internal dimensions on the other hand. Therefore, it is not easy to provide a comprehensive definition for it.

From the viewpoint of application, the present research is considered as a descriptive and analytical research, which was conducted as a survey and in order to analyze the quality of life in the outskirts of Rasht city. Descriptive and inferential methods have been used to examine and analyze the data in this research. In this research, the normality of the data was checked first, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Since the significance level obtained was much greater than 0.05 and showed a value of 0.693, it was determined that the data were normal, so the parametric T test was used using Spss software to analyze the data. The research tool in the present study was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to check its validity and reliability from the point of view of professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha test was used. The statistical population of the present study includes heads of households living in 16 marginal and informal neighborhoods of Rasht city, which is estimated at 82,604 people. The sample size of the study, which was calculated using Cochran's formula and considering the error percentage of 0.05, was determined to be 382 people.

The number of items examined in physical indicators are 8; The average level of residents' satisfaction is equal to 24. Using t-test, the average satisfaction of the residents in the physical dimension has been investigated. The results of the test showed that the level of quality of life in the physical dimension is lower than the average level, but this level is close to the average level. This relationship was calculated with the average response of the residents to the value of 23.486 and a significance level of 0.000.The items examined in the socio-cultural factors are 14, and the average level of residents' satisfaction is 42. which has investigated the average satisfaction of the residents using the t-test. The results of the test showed that the quality of life in the social dimension in the target areas is at a low level. This relationship is confirmed by the average response of the residents to the value of 32.613 and the significance level is 0.000.In environmental indicators the number of examined items are 4; The average level of satisfaction of the residents is equal to 12. Using t-test, the average satisfaction of the residents in the environmental dimension has been investigated. The results of the test showed that the level of quality of life in the environmental dimension is also at a low level in the neighborhoods, just like the other investigated dimensions. This relationship is confirmed by the average response of the residents to the value of 9.285 and the significance level is 0.000.In spiritual-emotional factors the number of examined items are 4; The average level of satisfaction of the residents is equal to 12. Using t-test, the average satisfaction of the residents in the mental-emotional dimension was investigated as the last item. The results of the test showed that the quality of life in the spiritual-emotional dimension in the neighborhood is at an average level of satisfaction. This relationship was confirmed with the average response of residents to the value of 11.496 and significance level of 0.000.

The results of this research showed that in the physical dimension, the life quality of the residents of the peripheral neighborhoods in Rasht city is not suitable, and this finding is in line with the findings of Sharma and Abhai (2022), Bandijai and Bencherif (2022), and Razmiarak et al (2022).In the economic dimension of the quality of life, the residents of the suburbs of Rasht city did not have a good quality and the level of the quality of life in the economic dimension is also at a low level in the neighborhoods in question. This finding is in line with the findings of Smith et al. (2022) and Christensen et al. (2022).This research showed that in the socio-cultural dimension, the quality of life of the residents of the suburbs of Rasht city does not have a suitable situation and the level of quality of life in the social dimension is at a low level. And this finding is in line with the findings of Spina et al. (2021) and Grabuska (2021).

The objective of this study is to investigate spatial relationships analysis of the concepts of life quality, social capital, and rural entrepreneurship in Dezful County, which was done through the descriptive and analytical methodology and data collection by field and survey methods. To pursue the issue, 147 target villages were selected based on the Cochran formula from 238 in-habited rural areas in Dezful County. The principal research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 250 manifest variables extracted from 23 latent variables in triple concepts. The statistical population consists of 30,032 household heads in the target villages, and questionnaires were randomly distributed among 379 of them based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method. The statistical population consists of 30,032 heads of households in the villages of this county. Ques-tionnaires were randomly distributed based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method among 379 family heads in the target villages in eleven rural districts of this county. In this research, the analysis of pairwise and general relationships between concepts was done through structural equation modeling (SEM) and investigating the situation of the Dezful's villages in relationships between structures utilizing gray relationship analysis (GRA) and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that the paired relationships of the concepts had a significance level lower than the assumed error rate of 0.05 evaluated as direct and positive. The highest and lowest relation-ships of the constructs belong to the relationship between life quality and social capital and the linkage of life quality and rural entrepreneurship with path coefficients of 0.949 and 0.875. Based on the layers combination of GRA and fuzzy analysis, the nearly two-thirds situation of the target villages is inappropriate in the general relationships of research concepts.

The objective of this study is to investigate spatial relationships analysis of the concepts of life quality, social capital, and rural entrepreneurship in Dezful County, which was done through the descriptive and analytical methodology and data collection by field and survey methods. To pursue the issue, 147 target villages were selected based on the Cochran formula from 238 in-habited rural areas in Dezful County. The principal research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 250 manifest variables extracted from 23 latent variables in triple concepts. The statistical population consists of 30,032 household heads in the target villages, and questionnaires were randomly distributed among 379 of them based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method. The statistical population consists of 30,032 heads of households in the villages of this county. Ques-tionnaires were randomly distributed based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method among 379 family heads in the target villages in eleven rural districts of this county. In this research, the analysis of pairwise and general relationships between concepts was done through structural equation modeling (SEM) and investigating the situation of the Dezful's villages in relationships between structures utilizing gray relationship analysis (GRA) and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that the paired relationships of the concepts had a significance level lower than the assumed error rate of 0.05 evaluated as direct and positive. The highest and lowest relation-ships of the constructs belong to the relationship between life quality and social capital and the linkage of life quality and rural entrepreneurship with path coefficients of 0.949 and 0.875. Based on the layers combination of GRA and fuzzy analysis, the nearly two-thirds situation of the target villages is inappropriate in the general relationships of research concepts.

The low quality of life in rural areas and, as a result, the migration of rural people to cities has led to numerous social, economic and environmental problems in rural areas and in cities. Accordingly, the aim is to identify the relationship between the vitality of the villagers and the existence of rural public spaces; Investigating the necessity of forming and paying attention to public spaces in villages and identifying the relationship and effect between the existence of rural public spaces and the mental quality of life of villagers. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. Library and survey studies have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study includes 9 villages of Binaloud County. In order to estimate the sample size in rural households, 190 people were obtained from Cochran sampling method with an error level of 7% according to the share of rural population. The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS and GIS software and one-sample t-test, regression test and Pearson correlation test were used to prove and disprove the hypotheses. Findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the role of public spaces in improving the quality of life of villagers in the sample villages. However, according to the villagers, the vitality level of rural public spaces in general with an average of 2.49 and quality of life with an average of 2.45 is low in the sample villages and in the villages of Upper Abareh, Virani and Jagharq, the vitality of public spaces and Jagharq, Zoshk and Dehnov villages, the mental quality of life has the highest level. The study of the effect of vitality indices in rural public spaces showed that 39% of the changes in the mental quality of life in the sample villages depend on the vitality indices in rural public spaces. The social vitality index (with an impact factor of 0.292) also has the greatest impact.

Extended Abstract
Today, we live in a city century, a period in human history, where the growth of urbanization has become a major issue. The growing trend of urban population can have a negative impact on cities. If the current growth process continues, there will be serious tensions among many economic, social, and environmental forces that will significantly affect the quality of life of residents. With the start of the local program crisis, a new set of global indicators has appeared in 2005, which has been proposed as a method to assess the livability of city. Livability is one of the most important and effective factors on the citizens’ quality of life which became a popular issue in the 1980s and early 1990s. Human beings are always looking to improve their quality of life and make it livable. In the last few decades, the occurrence of various crises in social, economic, environmental, and physical dimensions that result from inappropriate planning of cities, has led to a decline in quality of life and a reduction in livability levels, especially in small towns. These cities are faced with problems such as lack of education, employment, healing, recreation, etc. and also social, economic, environmental challenges that have lowered the quality of life and livability factors. In this regard, one of the problems of Dorud city, is the challenge of improving urban livelihood and increasing quality of life. The city faces dangers such as the negative effects of factories on the city center, lack of facilities and infrastructure, the lack of proper planning of the city, will turn into an uncomfortable city. By examining the factors affecting the livelihood, managers are given the opportunity to improve the quality of life in Dorud city by strengthening the indicators of livability. In this research, the main factors and indicators are measured in improving the livability and quality of life and the effect of livability on quality of life. Improving the quality of life in urban communities is the ultimate goal of urban programs, but at the present, poor living conditions have caused the majority of compatriots to lack the desired quality of life.
 
This study is an applied research in terms of purpose, and in the research literature, the library method and field studies have been used to collect data and information. Field studies of this research were conducted through a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to process data and information for analysis in the study area, structural equation modeling and statistical analysis methods including SPSS and AMOS software programs have been exerted and also to obtain required maps ARC GIS software has been used. In order to determine the sample size
 
according to the statistical population of 121638, in Dorud, based on the last census of 1395, the Cochran formula was used. According to the formula, 30 questionnaires were distributed among residents of neighborhoods, and based on the obtained variance from the primary sampling unit of the research, the sample size was 320. The validity of the research tool, which includes a questionnaire, has been reviewed by university professors and confirmed after removing deficiencies. In this research, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method. The calculated alpha value for the viability index was 0.862 and for the quality of life index was 0.774, which indicates the desirability of the questionnaire.
 
This section showed the analysis findings and response to research hypotheses. For scientific inference, structural equation modeling and t-test were used. The first hypothesis, the inadequacy of the quality of life index in Dorud city, has been evaluated using a one-sample t-test. The test results with a confidence level of 0.95 indicate that quality of life indices (economic, social) are significant and the environmental index is not significant in general, but all the averages of the indicators and their items are less than the desired value. Therefore, it can be said that the situation of the quality of life index in the city of Dorud, is not appropriate. The second hypothesis, which evaluates the inappropriate situation of the livability index, is measured by one-sample t-test, which the analysis of the results, is such that the livability situation is also undesirable in the study area. The findings from the conceptual model of the research also show that livability as an independent variable affects quality of life as a dependent variable. The final result indicates that the educational factor, with a regression coefficient of 0.72, had the greatest effect on the livability and environmental element with a factor weight of 0.82 had a greatest effect on the quality of life in the city. Finally, livability with a regression coefficient of 0.98 has a major effect on the quality of life in Dorud.
 
Due to the growing growth of the number of people living in cities, habitation in cities is increasingly challenging, so that if the current population trend continues, cities will face tensions that will significantly affect the quality of life and livability in cities. Today, important factors are effective on lowering the level of quality of life, which livability as an important factor is one of the most effective of these factors. The results show that the educational index, including school quality and teachers, and the possibility of walking to school and etc. among other criteria, has had a significant impact on livability in the city. Although the creation of desirable educational conditions such as quality and suitable educational level for all sections and etc. are the most important habitat patterns in the study area that should be considered by managers, experts and decision-makers to improve the residents’ quality of life in the field of urban development, livability patterns may be completely different from one region to another.  Among the specific indicators of quality of life, the environmental index shows as the most effective factor on increasing quality of life. This declares that more successful settlements will focus on environmental issues, including air quality, which is also a significant factor in the studied city.

It seems that globalization have brought hope and fear.at this juncture ,globalization effects on villagers have more depth and complexity.research method is analytic-descriptive with field measurement between 10 rural areas with 118 persons sample volumes.datum gathering are from questionnaire means in 42 indicators framework in three dimentions of economic,social,physical-environmental between Kabood Gonbad rural district of Kalat township.gained results show that villages of Kabood Gonbad rural district have affected from globalization processes unequally in a case that Gherou village have given first rank more than other villages from universal processes effects.output properties of Iran villages show that because of social,economic,political and cultural limitations magistrating on rural society and global experiences from globalization,coming threats of villages are more than their future opportunities.

Good urban governance is considered as an approach of decision-making system and urban affairs management and urban management institution, which in Iran consists of two municipal organizations and city council, can be one of the best mechanisms for realizing governance. It's good to be urban. Equality in the spatial distribution of urban services and facilities is one of the most important topics in urban studies. The purpose of this study is to measure the spatial distribution of public services in the city of Kerman, emphasizing good urban governance in order to achieve sustainable development. New models of spatial analysis, including privacy analysis and self-correlation techniques, have been able to analyze the issue of access to urban services not only for a particular type of service but also for a large number of services, and how space services are distributed (focus and segregation). And explain the access of citizens and ultimately urban spatial justice.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies, documents and field studies. Data analysis was performed using Geoda software.

In Kerman city, regions 2 and 3 with 29 administrative uses have the largest share, while 95 users share less than 25 percent and 25 to 50 percent of administrative lands. These areas also accounted for the largest number of educational land uses with 22 major uses, while 149 educational land uses accounted for less than 25 percent of these services.

Population-friendly services are not distributed in the novel's metropolitan areas and citizens' access to public services is not equal. The downtown areas have good access to services and the surrounding areas have poor access. The concentration of urban services in Kerman follows the center-periphery model, which means that as we move from the city center to the surrounding areas, the distribution of services is reduced. Areas with high population density also have high service density, and in areas with low population density, low facility density has been observed.

The purpose of this survey is to examine the villages' turning into cities and its impacts on the life quality of its inhabitants in the newly founded town of Byranshahr in Lorestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of the whole inhabitant families in Byranshahr (N= 1655) two hundred of whom were determined as the statistical sample using Cochran formula. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method and were interviewed through a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the instruments which were used in the study were confirmed considering content validity and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was more than 0.70. Finally, the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results of prioritizing the effect of Cheqlondi's turning into Byranshahr town, based on the average score of 5, showed that this turning has had the highest impacts  on the following sectors: promoting the town services (3.99), improvement the housing and urbanization (3.92), educational development (3.91), increasing social participation (3.86), health-hygienic development (3.58), improvement of communication facilities (3.57), town security (3.45), employment and improvement of  the business (3.40), and  finally accessing to sports and entertainment facilities (3.25).

 Nowadays, the international immigrants' remittance can be considered as one of the biggest and most sustainable financial and investment aspects in the developing countries, which by directing and utilizing correctly in the other sectors of the economy, sociocultural, physical, and etc., this can have a significant effect on the development and the improvement of the life quality indicators of the inhabitants of the origin regions. The present study, aimed at analyzing and examining the effect of the international immigrants' remittance of the work force on the life quality of some residents of southern Fars province, is practical and developmental in the terms of purpose, and is descriptive and analytical in the terms of matter and method. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. In this regard, questionnaires were arranged in four indicators based on Likert scale and distributed randomly among citizens. Statistical population of the study consisted of 18141 households from of 17 villages and 3 cities of the region, which of these households, 314 families have been selected as the sample size based on the Cochran formula. The analysis of the questionnaire was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistical methods including the tests of T, Pearson, multivariate regression and path analysis. The results show that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the immigrants' remittance and the life quality of the residents of the region. Also, the results of multivariate regression and path analysis indicate that the immigrants' remittance has a strong positive relation with the life quality by a coefficient of 0.830; and the index of the career and income opportunities has the most effects on the improvement of the life quality indicators by the impact factor of 0.573.

Nowadays international remittances can be considered as one of the largest and most sustainable financial and investment dimension in developing countries, which can have a significant effect on the economic, cultural, social, physical and other sectors. Improvement in the development and fulfilling the quality of life indicators for residents of the source regions. In Iran, people in the southern parts of the country, including residents of parts of the south of the Persian Gulf as the name of Larestan, have been sending large numbers of migrants to the oil-rich southern Gulf States since the mid-twentieth century. Labor immigrants send a vast amount of their financial capital each year to their house and place of origin. These remittances, regardless of family and personal expenses, are utilized in different ways to develop and improve the quality of life of residents in the area. It is good to note that most of the remittances without any pre-determined plans or purposes and lack of effective viewpoint and managing the capital allocation on the other hand, mainly in certain sectors such as religion is practiced (construction of mosques and Hosseinieh, etc.). This has resulted in some of these areas, despite the large remittances, deprivation and shortages. In this context, this study follows to respond the question of how much the remittances could bring about changes in the quality of life of the inhabitants of the area in economic, socio-cultural and physical-environmental aspects. And which has been the most affected by remittances since the quality of life of the residents in the study area?

The present study, is practical and developmental in the terms of purpose, and is descriptive and analytical in the terms of matter and method. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. In this regard, questionnaires were arranged in four indicators based on Likert scale and distributed randomly among citizens. Statistical population of the study consisted of 18141 households from of 17 villages and 3 cities of the region, which of these households, 314 families have been selected as the sample size based on the Cochran formula. Also, reliability of the questionnaire was estimated with Cronbach's alpha 648.0. The analysis of the questionnaire was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistical methods including the tests of T, Pearson, multivariate regression and path analysis. The variables investigated in this study included immigrants ' assets as independent variables and sustainable economic development-management as a variable.
Discussion and

Due to the findings, 84.2% of the respondents are men and 15.8% are women, out of which 78.7% are employed, 10.5% are unemployed, 2.2% have other jobs. Regarding the investment status of persons, 69.9% of respondents mentioned that they had some forms of investment in their place of origin. Regarding the place of investment, more than 50% of the respondents noted that they make investments in addition to their place of residence in the surrounding cities and other areas, due to the lack of necessary infrastructure and suitable market for investment in the place of residence. Pearson test was utilized to evaluate the correlation between independent variables with other indicators of dependent variable. According to the results of the Pearson test in cases where the probability value is less than 0.05, the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between independent variable and dependent variables is rejected, that is, between remittances sent by international migrants with improved economic, social and quality indicators. There is a significant physical-environmental relationship. Therefore, it can be mentioned that by increasing the remittances to the region, the quality of life indicators also will be increased.

 In this study, three components of job and income investment, social knowledge and accessibility and quality of access component were surveyed to assess the impacts of remittances on residents' quality of life in the region. According to the data collected from the studied samples, three statistical tests, one sample t-test, correlation and regression were used to determine the results of the study. The results show that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the immigrants' remittance and the life quality of the residents of the region. Also, the results of multivariate regression and path analysis indicate that the immigrants' remittance has a strong positive relation with the life quality by a coefficient of 0.830; and the index of the career and income opportunities has the most effects on the improvement of the life quality indicators by the impact factor of 0.573. But in general, all of the relevant components have positive effects, with little or no intensity, and therefore, it can be argued that remittances have positive impacts on promoting and improving the quality of life indicators, such as increasing resident income, improving access quality, reducing poverty and unemployment, increasing the participation in public utilities, etc. in the area under study, and if these investments are planned and directed to the required segments of society, it could exacerbate these developmental effects and provides the aspects of growth of this area especially rural areas and less developed cities.

Today’s world is witnessing a great leap toward the better and the most qualified life. Efforts to improve the quality of urban life is a major concern of the experts. In this way attention to cities as centers that are the main drivers of this flow is very important. The intense competition among cities as tourism destinations has forced cities to find solutions to be differentiated from other cities and tourism destinations. Focus on the development of creative industry and deploying of creative cities strategies is one of the ahead solutions for today’s cities. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of tourism potentials in the life quality and in the formation of the creative city in Kermanshah city. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the main instrument of data is questionnaire. Statistical population of this study is the residents of Kermanshah city and the sample size for this research is 385 that is obtained from Cochran formula. In order to analyzing the result of questionnaire, the structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS software is used and for obtaining the needed map, the GIS software is used. The results showed that tourism potentials are effective in the life quality and life quality is also effective in creating the creative city and the meaningful level for both of them is less than 0/05. Therefore, with identifying and introducing all the potentials to the all, the conditions or backgrounds of the creative city can be provided. Therefore, according to historical, cultural record and many tourist attractions in Kermanshah and with introducing these potentials to all and developing infrastructures for tourism developing and prospering of tourism, city will be led to creativty

The policy to transform villages into cities is a strategy to improve the quality of life in small urban settlements. Yet despite such policy making, the progress of developing services and facilities has been slow in many of these newfound cities. Moreover, demographic trends in certain areas are on the decline even prior to becoming a city. Located in Kordestan province, Bolbanabad transformed into a city in 2009. However, the degree of livability and quality of life in different physical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions are at a low level in this city. The present study seeks to provide answers to the following question: What role has the policy of transforming villages into cities played in Bolbanabad with respect to the improvement of urban livability indices?

Newly established cities are small cities. These cities are, in fact, suitable areas for administrative, economic, social, and welfare decentralization from the cities within the region, driving rural development, balancing the population settlement system, and providing the means for sustainable development. They are also suitable areas for biological sites that somehow cater for livability in former villages. Livability refers to the degree to which the necessities of a society are provided with respect to the extent of needs and capacities of individuals and reflects the welfare of the local community. This concept involves a set of relative criteria and indices. While livability in an area for certain people is to have a dynamic economy and sufficient employment and income, socioeconomic security is of priority for others. In general, the purpose of the policy to transform villages into cities is the comprehensive development of livability dimensions in small cities.

The present applied research was conducted using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and can be considered a descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected using library studies and survey. The total population of the study included Bolbanabad residents. Since collecting data from the entire population was impossible, Cochran’s modified method was used and 120 individuals were selected randomly as sample population. In the qualitative section of the study, content analysis technique (the grounded theory) was employed through MAXQDA software. To prioritize urban livability indices, the importance-performance analysis (IPA) matrix was used to indicate the gaps between priorities and the perceived quality of livability in Bolbanabad. In addition, the questionnaires were validated using Cronbach’s alpha in the SPSS software.

According to the content analysis method, four core concepts including infrastructures, facilities and equipment, beautification, and accessibility and security were identified in MAXQDA software as the most important livability factors from the perspective of Bolbanabad residents. The objectified quality caused by transformation from village into a city and the expectation of infrastructural index improvement demonstrate that the largest importance-performance average gap lies within the transportation sector with regards to the restoration of streets and asphalt quality in the city with a mean difference of -1.65. In the accessibility dimension, the lowest performances were related to weakness in creating green spaces, absence of certain government offices and lack of constant access to drinking water with average gaps of -2.36, -2.27,  and -2.04, respectively. This has resulted in a decline in the livability level of the settlement. According to the residents, the importance priority of security sub-indices from high to low, include financial security, spiritual-mental security, and social security. According to the IPA method, the importance (priority)-performance gap present in dimensions including infrastructures, accessibility, and security are negative; therefore, the status of sub-indices in all aspects are undesirable.

The use of the IPA technique on the urban livability importance-performance showed the significant importance of livability indices and low objective performance in line with improving said indices, the results of which have been a -1.68 average gap and reduced quality of life. Given these conditions, the livability status of the village is below the desirable level. This means that despite its transformation into a city almost a decade ago, expectations are still at a level beyond the perceived quality of residents, and the policy has failed to bring about considerable developments to the improvement of residents’ quality of life in different urban livability aspects. Considering the results of the study, it can be concluded that not every policy that changes the title of a settlement into a “city” is capable of improving the livability of that settlement. Accordingly, more people have emigrated from this city during said period and the population of Bolbanabad is fewer than the time it was politically and administratively considered as a rural area.

Over the last half-century, shaping the development of the concept of quality of life, has changed this issue to a key concept in human issues. Today, with urban expansion and increasing inequalities, research on quality of life has become an important tool for planning and management of cities. The analysis of indicators of life quality can assist managers to identify areas in need of intervention.This study is designed in line with healthy city and in terms of procedure is a descriptive-analytical study. In order to obtain the information necessary to identify and understand the current situation of the quality of urban life, field work in Behbahan is carried out through the production and distribution of a questionnaire based on the subjective quality of life in the form of 10 variables (environmental security , place belonging, social participation, audio-visual and environmental pollution, environmental health, employment and job satisfaction, income and expenses, green space, facilities and services) .To assess subjective indicators, statistical analysis is used . According to the results obtained, citizens' satisfaction of the parameters affecting the quality of life in region one is more than average and in region two is less than average. Of the 10 variables in region one, the highest level of satisfaction is related to place belonging variable, which could be due to a sense of belonging in residents and a desire to spend leisure time in the region. In region two, the highest level of satisfaction is related to environmental health variable that can be due to drinking water and cleanness of streets. The lowest satisfaction rate in regions one and two is related to income and expenses variable and income distribution, which can be a result of low income of people, high living costs and poor distribution of wealth and income in the community.

The present applied survey has been done for the purpose of the evaluation of function quality and effectiveness of Malakhord borderline market on the changes of villagers’ life quality level in Dezli Dehestan of Sarvabad County.
Design/methodology/approach: This research is descriptive-analytic from the view point of method and library and field methods have been used on the basis of questionnaire distribution and interview to collect data. The sample size includes 250 people from the head of the households of active villages in the market that their number was specified using Corcoran formula and the questionnaires were distributed according to their class among the sample villages and distributed randomly among the head of the households.
Findings: The analysis of the data using descriptive statistics indexes and the tests of inferential statistics (Chi-Square, one-sample t-test, Friedman test, Paired Samples t-test, path analysis) showed that generally the market has caused the improvement of the villagers’ life quality level in comparison to the previous period before the establishment of it and it is this economic aspect of the villagers that has had the most improvement and positive change.
Research limitations/implications: Being faraway, the dispersion and the location of a large number of villages in the zero region, the villagers lack of familiarity with questionnaire completion, and not accessing easily to family guardians with the questionnaires were among the imitations of this survey.
Practical implications: According to the survey findings, solutions like the improvement of the roadways to the market, the will of domestic organizations to prevent sectional holidays, the improvement of services and welfare facilities across the market, using local people to manage and coordinate the market affairs, exporting the villagers’ products to the neighboring country, allocating a part of the market income to the construction and physical development of the villages, and devoting another part to the young villagers looking for jobs as loan are suggested.
Originality/value: Trading in the form of borderline markets, purposefully and lawfully, can pave the way for economic, social and physical development of the borderline rural areas and as a result will prevent migration, population leaving and the instability of the villages that can have negative consequences in the local, regional and national level.

City landscape plays an important role in defining the spatial functions and is very important in the spirit of people and the city. Malayer has faced with population increase and city development during the last decades. This factor has caused the appearance of a duality in the form of this city, i.e., old and modern urban textures. Besides, ignoring the city landscape in urban textures and the lack of suitable furniture or inappropriate designing of these textures has caused disconnections in the spatial structure of the city as far as urban landscape is considered. The researcher of the study had a different look while using an analytical and content-based view as well as a descriptive research to study Malayer, in order to determine its effect on urban life. The results of the study obtained from observation confirmed the significant relationship between city development, improving urban life, and urban landscape. The city of Malayer, despite the high cost of aesthetic and improving its quality of life, is not tailored to the expectations of the people, and the need to review the attitude of urban planners is felt. It has also been concluded that urban living will not bring decent living conditions in Malayer without having a suitable urban landscape. Since Malayer has tourism and tourism capabilities, considering its climate, its culture and its location and the effects it has in the west, the city has been underrepresented in terms of urban design and its organization .

INTRODUCTIONCurrently, in most developed countries, the development of rural tourism is realized through creating brands for rural tourism destinations because tourism brands pave the way for competition between different service sectors; however, in a broader context, it competes with other tourism destinations for attracting more tourists and investment, and providing better services, employment, etc. In fact, rural tourism is a valuable source of employment and income generation that could be an important tool for socio-economic development of rural communities. Today, rural tourism is an invaluable source of job creation and income generation, which can serve as an important vehicle for social and economic development in rural communities. Thus, the creation of a unified brand for rural tourism and systematic planning of rural managers in the selection of suitable branding projects can prepare the ground for the promotion of sustainability in economic, social, environmental, physical, and structural domains.
METHODOLOGYThis study is an applied one whose data are collected using a descriptive-survey method. The population consists of rural households in Binalood county. According to the most recent data, there were approximately 9263 rural households in Binaloud county. Based on Cochran formula, the sample size was comprised of 166 out of 4663 households, and as table 1.0 shows, the sample households were selected from nine villages including Jagharq, Abardeh-Oliya, Kang, Dehbar, Gorakhk, Abardeh-Sofla, Zoshk Neighborhood, Hesar, Sarasiab, Azghad and Zoshk. Households were the unit of analysis in this study, and the respondents were the units of observation. The required data were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by household members. The questionnaire designed by the authors of the study was the main research tool to collect data and asses the variables. Data processing and analysis were conducted using SPSS software package. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical statistical methods were employed. The validity (i.e., face validity) of data gathering tools was confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed the questionnaire was reliable (r=0.78).
DISCUSSIONTo analyze the impact of tourism on social sustainability of rural settlements, the path analysis test was used. The results were analyzed in three stages (outputs). In the first stage, 13 independent variables were included in the equation, with a regression analysis explaining 35% variation in the dependent variable (i.e., social sustainability). In this context, the variable of appropriate infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.364 had a significant impact on the dependent variable. Therefore, in the second stage, the “appropriate infrastructure” was treated as the dependent variable and seven other variables, which had high level of significance, were incorporated as independent variables.
The results suggest that variables included in the regression analysis explained more than 14% of the variation in the dependent variable (i.e., appropriate infrastructure) with the variable of accessibility of tourist facilities (a=0.359) leaving the greatest impact on the dependent variable. In the third stage, tourism facilities were treated as the dependent variables and other variables were treated as independent variables. Thus, variables included in the regression analysis explained 7% of the variation in the dependent variable (i.e., tourism facilities). Finally, tourism development remained as the last variable.
CONCLUSIONIn this study, the effects of rural tourism brand factors on social indicators of rural settlement were investigated. There is a significant positive relationship between the creation of a tourism brand and social sustainability in most rural areas under study. That is, the development of rural tourism brand can lead to the sustainability of rural areas.
Finally, the results of path analysis showed that the independent variable (i.e., rural tourism brand), in addition to its direct effects, had a number of significant indirect effects on the social sustainability of rural settlements as well. In this context, the variable of tourist facilities, besides its direct effects, could indirectly influence sustainability through variables such as access to appropriate infrastructure. Similarly, the variable of tourism development could exert indirect effects on variables like appropriate infrastructure and tourism facilities.
On the other hand, entrepreneurship and employment variables also had significant indirect effects on sustainability. Finally, the independent variable factors (e.g., tourism brands) were ranked according to their impact. Out of eight variables analyzed in the regression equation, the variables of tourism facilities (0.472), appropriate infrastructure (0.364), and tourism development (0.169) had the greatest effect on social sustainability. However, the effects of factors such as education, artistic importance, existence of tourism-related job opportunities, tourism assets, accessibility, investment, natural potentials, cultural significance, and entrepreneurship on sustainability were identified as the least important factors in the path analysis though they are different from other equation variables.

After passing several years of rural guide plans(tarhe hadi), it is necessary to be evaluated to find out its effects on the life quality of the villagers, also by identifying strengths and weaknesses; the required Information to enhance the life quality of the villagers is achieved. This is the main aim of this article which is descriptive - analytical in nature and its data have been collected from two sources: documentary and field data (interviews, questionnaires, observation). To determine the sample size of the study, the households in 8 villages (1252 households) of Khavmirabad district which from their villages guide plans at least 5 years has passed. Then Cochran formula has been used and 250 households act as the sample size and after distributing questionnaires among the villages, randomly stratified simple questionnaires were distributed among households. The results of data analysis using descriptive statistics (mean and mode) and inferential statistics (chi square, t single sample, Pearson correlation and path analysis) showed that conducting projects in promoting economic and social aspects and the quality of life of the villagers failed to promote and improve the quality of life for villagers in two dimensions and physical environment is sent. The physical dimensions have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life of the villagers by conducting projects.

The main objective of this study is reviewing and examining life satisfaction in informal settlements in Bojnourd. The research method is descriptive – analytic and is practical in terms of type. To analyze the variables of the research, statistical methods including descriptive statistics, factor analysis and step-by-step regression were used and field survey data were collected. Research indicators include physical environment, economic environment and social environment. The component of the physical environment (access to banks, pharmacies, shops and other facilities) is the highest and the savings component of the economic environment index shows the least satisfaction. From 26 items, using factor analysis, 6 factors of environmental health, aesthetics of the environment, public service distribution, economic welfare, social solidarity, and satisfaction were extracted. Base on the findings, the only indicator of access to banks, pharmacies, shops, and other facilities got the highest mean score (3.6) of residents’ satisfaction from the physical environment, nutritional indicators status with 3.2 of economic environment and trust in neighboring with 3.1, indicated the greatest satisfaction from three-fold environments. Finally, the finding showed that the majority of residents in informal settlements are not satisfied with their life quality in terms of standards of three-fold environments.

Today, urban planning is a comprehensive issue that in its right way, addresses to improve the quality of life for citizens in the form of a dynamic and powerful process and to achieve this, improvement of citizens life quality is one of the requirements in all planning dimensions. According to importance of this issue, present study is carried out with the aim of improving life quality in Hemmat Abad of Isfahan with emphasizing effective physical-functional components. Therefore, in the research, basic and main aim is to improve urban life quality of citizens of Hemmat Abab. Research method is developmental-applied and data type is qualitative and quantitative mix. Data gathering was done using survey and documental studies and factor analysis was used for analyzing data.
Results of this research indicate that inappropriate distribution of applications leads to different life quality in neighborhood blocks. Also, old texture of the neighborhood has reduced life quality in the neighborhood that satisfaction level of residents of their life quality is low. Finally, some solutions are also introduced for improving lie quality in the neighborhood to be useful evaluation.

The main objective of building new towns in Iran is decentralization of big cities contains a Population overflow. One of the dominant ideas among urban professionals and urban planners is creating new Town with a high quality of life in order to achieve this goal. Because the new Towns had not equal facilities and growth factors and this has caused the creation of significant differences in quality of their life and metropolis.
The purpose of this study is satisfaction measurement from life quality of Mohajeran new city from residents view. The study methods is descriptive-analytical and survey. The population in this study are residents of Mohajeran new town that 317 samples are selected by using of Cochran formula and the questionnaire have been distributed between them. Research indicators are classified with intellectual looking to aspects of life quality in 8 dimensions including of social, security, economic, physical, environmental, access to facilities, aesthetics and management dimension and are analyzed in SPSS software by using one-sample T-test and Kendall’s. As well as in complete of the analysis has been applied Shannon entropy method for weighting studied indices and VIKOR model for rating districts of Mohajeran new town.
The research result show that the citizens are not happy from the life quality in the Mohejeran new town and they have a favorable evaluation only from aesthetic, environmental and social indicators. The highest level of the residents satisfaction belongs to the environmental dimension and the lowest level of satisfaction belongs to the management dimension. The results of the VIKOR model suggest that Farhangian1 and Farhangian2 districts have highest level of life quality and Shahid Sadr and Fazilat districts have the lowest level of life quality.