جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « rural migration » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Today, one of the most important concerns for researchers and planners in rural areas is the population instability of rural settlements, which can hinder rural development plans. Therefore, the present study was conducted to reveal the hidden motivations of villagers for migration in the villages of Khusf County and furthermore provide appropriate solutions for greater population stability. The research is applied in terms of purpose and nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The population consisted of 41 villages over 100 population (4226 households and 13892 people), which, according to geographical distribution, population classification, and population decline in 2006 and 2016, 20% of them (8 villages) with 796 households were selected the as sample. A total number of 259 questionnaires (based on Cochran’s Formula) were distributed among the sample based on simple random sampling. One sample t-test was used to analyze quantitative data and the Friedman test was used to rank the effect of different factors on population instability. Based on the results, drought had the greatest impact on population instability in the settlements studied, followed by unemployment, low income, and low facilities and services, respectively.

Rural migration has shaped a wide range of problems for developing countries in different dimensions. One of the direct effects of unplanned migration from rural areas to cities in Iran is the formation of informal sectors in urban areas of the country. It is obvious that the formation of this sector is the direct result of rural migration along with the phenomenon of urban population growth, which is now one of the challenges of urban management in the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of rural migrations in the formation of informal jobs with an emphasis on economic dimensions in Mohammadabad district in Qarchak city. The current study was an applied and descriptive-analytical research. Data were collected by library and survey methods. In order to analyze the data single sample t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman tests were used. According to Cochran's formula, the statistical population of the study is 168 sellers in Qarchak Mohammadabad district, which reached 260 to determine accuracy. The results of the research show that most of the employees in the informal sector are in the study area of rural immigrants. The status of informal sector workers was also economically desirable and there was a significant relationship between the educational status of immigrants and the formation of informal occupations in the study area. The results indicated that lack of proper employment, lack of expertise, and insufficient capital were the reasons for the expansion of the peddling business in the study area.

During the last three decades, Iranian society has been heavily involved in the phenomenon of migration from rural to urban areas and its socio-economic consequences. The growth of marginalized population, the emergence of new subcultures, the decline of agricultural production and the increase in the number of unskilled and semi-skilled workers have been the first and most obvious aspects of this phenomenon. This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the factors affecting rural youth migration in Ardabil province in two stages: qualitative (Grounded Theory) and quantitative. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative section. The statistical population selected 30 people for the quality department of general managers and deputies of Organization of Agriculture Jihad, Sports and Youth Department, Rural Cooperatives, Provincial Banks and Nomadic Affairs Department, which was coded after theoretical saturation in the interview. The statistical population of the quantitative section was 280 young people living in rural areas in Ardabil province. 162 people were selected based on Morgan table and stratified random sampling method. The obtained data set was organized in the form of 90 open codes, 59 concepts, 15 categories and 6 categories (intervening conditions, causal conditions, pivotal conditions, consequences, strategies and contextual conditions) after a continuous process of open, axial and selective coding. Finally, using the Smart Pls software, the fit of the obtained model was ensured and all significant relationships were identified. The results show that the most important reasons for rural youth migration; House and housing wear, social status and reputation in the city, difficult access to agricultural and livestock services, achieving their aspirations in cities, security and stability in urban life, and access to information and mass media.

Abstract Identifying the Demographic trends in movement and population mobility within the administrative-political borders of the country makes population policies based on reliable information and existing facts. This article has been done with a geographical approach, understanding of the dimensions of migration and spatial mobility in rural regiones of Guilan, And content analysis is based on collecting information from all villages of the province. According to the information obtained, 180,467 immigrants have been counted in the form of 61,597 households that 75 percent negative and 25 percent temporary migration into permanent housing in the form of refugees are returning. The destination of the reverse migration was plain villages and the destination of permanent migrants was mainly the mountainous villages. The villages of Rasht township with 37.4%, Lahijan with 7.6% and the roodsar with 7% have the highest rate of settlement in the villages, respectively. Tehran province with 47% and Isfahan with 12.8%, Ardabil with 9.9% and Alborz with 5.9% are the most important migrating provinces to the villages of the Guilan. The achievements of this study showed that this population movement is a function of modernization, living disorders in densely populated cities, climate risks and water shortages in the central and southern provinces, tourism and retirement time. Keywords: Migration, Spatial mobility, Rural migration, Reverse and return migration, Guilan province

In this paper, the long-term effects of changes in the type of water exploitation on agricultural lands, textures, and lifestyles of the village of Abdullah Abad, Damghan, which has been damaged, are studied. This local and regional effect is examined in this paper by aggregating several analyzing methods such as the village's water supply resources in the Damegan city for over 50 years, drawing piezometric diagrams of regional and village wells, the identification of changes in water resources, analyzing aerial images of the residential and agricultural texture of the village during the years 1966, 1987, and 2018, and the analysis of population and migration statistical results. The main approach adopted in this paper is the description-analysis method based on the analysis and field observation because of reference limitations. As a result, the village's water supply resources conversion from aqueducts (sustainable) to water wells (unsustainable), caused three periods with different texture, structural, and populations conditions. Finally, a rehabilitation plan is proposed in this paper in order to achieve optimal exploitation of agricultural lands and village's water supply resources, and modification of the continuous chain of local and regional vital elements.

Climatic changes and environmental degradation has had a significant impact on the movement of people around the world. Reactions of people is different in response to the climatic changes and the most important reaction of people is toward the environmental deterioration and removal of the relocation risk, that migrations caused by climatic changes and its consequences form the shape of climate refugee. The idea of Climatic refugee or climatic change refugee is a relatively new idea. Lack of adaptability and the required capacity for climatic changes are the most important causes of the humans vulnerability. Southern Khorasan Province located in the southeast of Iran is one of the places vulnerable to climatic changes. In this study to assess the climatic changes, the precipitation and temperature data and the number of days of dust and groundwater resources have been used for 20 years up to 2014. To identify and predict the climatic changes of South Khorasan province, Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) by using LARS- WG model and Evaluation Indices of climatic changes have been used. For the assessment, the climatic changes of 10 stations of the province for period 2010-2030 have been made under Lars Model. By using such data, firstly ,the centers of the crisis due to the climatic changes have been identified and zoned in GIS environment. Then the dispersion of the settlements which are subject to such risks has been specified. For the assessment of climatic refugees, the migration statistics of year 1996 and up to 2011 have been used and the rural settlements at these areas which have been evacuated and removed in this period have been determined. Processing of climatic data shows that most of the province districts were affected by climatic changes, but south of the province centered by Nehbandan, has had the greatest impacts of climatic changes. These events led to population displacement and the formation of climatic refugees in the south of the province and the population of the southern provinces has moved to the north of the province. The human settlements of the province in 1996 was equal to 61.76 percent which decreased to 45.61 percent in 2011. So that the role of climatic changes in the last 20 years is evident with the challenges such as drought, degradation of water resources, desertification, particularly in the west and south part of the province.

The spatial and functional interrelationships between cities and surrounding areas, including rural areas in their influence on districts, gradually lead to different changes in different cases. One of these phenomena is spatial mobility (positional movement) of population from village to urban areas. Considering the effect of the village-urban migration, it is quite clear that the population, economy and villages physical structure will change. The present study discusses the changes in demographics, economics and the physical structure of rural settlements in east Tabriz which have been taken based on the village residency. Moreover, an attention has been paid to the root causes of such formation. This article is based on field studies (direct observation, various questionnaires and interviews with experts).The ultimate goal of the present study is the applied one, because it is aimed at understanding the physical changes, demographic and economic way to provide optimal solutions. The results of this article revealed that the interactive effect of the spatial and functional interrelationships between Tabriz metropolitan and under study villages has had a major role in the development of population, economy and physical changes of villages. Among this, ungovernable extension of Tabriz and existence of problems like high costs of life and livelihood problems, high price of land and settlement, excessive air pollution, are the educator elements on the contrary of the low cost of land and settlement, clean air in villages and existence of equipment of transport and the suitable roads in the under study villages which acts as a suction element and actuates some of the urban people to settle in the stated villages.

Potential environmental factors such as topography، slope، temperature، precipitation، water and land capacity can have a significant impact on the volume of migration and evacuated villages. Society’s disability due to various structural reasons، the lack of ability to deal with natural factors such as drought، floods and earthquakes، and finally، overcome natural conditions and unfavorable factors have been forced to relocate and to leave their settlements. Research methods are descriptive - analytical and field data collection including a library and we tried to deal with the effects of drought on the rural economy and immigration. The study population comprised 35 villages Abarkouh township. For data analysis، we used inferential statistics (Pearson correlation، regression analysis، one-sample T-test and factor analysis) also to monitoring drought valid Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). SPI results of the study show that the city faced many years of drought. In addition، the Kendall correlation and factor analysis indicated that the drought could crop yield loss، caused instability of the rural economy in this township. Single-sample T-test results of the regression analysis also suggests that the variable had impact of drought on Rural – Urban migration in this township. Single-sample T-test results of the regression analysis also suggests that the variable had impact of drought on Rural – Urban migration in this township.

This trend of immigration is importantand how to attend this kind of migration in terms of living conditions of refugees life welfare of residence in the target is also of great significance. In other words, the migration of villagers to flee inequality and changes in the living conditions take place resulting in favorable conditions for the improvement of environmental and socioeconomic status-in other refugee settlements.The data was collected through library and field studies. The population consists of three villages households (talBndv, Sarasiab and Gnjalo).A random sample of 90 cases as samples were selected. The findings of the study indicate that economic factors such as unemployment, particularly efforts to increase revenue address the most important causes of migrationof villagers to the cities. The economic situation of rural migration to urban areas has been associated with modest improvements in terms of livelihood. So that more than 62 percent of respondents acknowledged that the welfare state - the income is better than before.

This research which has been done with application procedure and by relying upon collection of the information in both library and ground methods its goals is identification and study of the effective causes in the villages migration of EIl Gourak villages Boukan region, as well as area consequences resulted in such as migration in studying ploughman. In order to understanding of the effective causes in the migration of the villagers, adventurism selection of sample from statistical society. According number of 90 refugee family who have migration to various cities as Boukan selected and studied. In order to study of the migrations consequences also three Rural Ghazel, Gloulan and Ghrouchaye that have least rating of growth, selected and situation of villages studied. Results of researches indicating of the effectiveness of natural limitations as well as villages economic-social problems increasing villager migration. Coordination ally- Although 65/5 percent from sample society expressed economic inadequacy existing in village such as attempting to resolution of the unemployment, achieving task and earning as most important factor in their temporary and permanent migration from village. Migrators of villager areas. Reduces denizen population of villages and instead causes babel and increasing of Boukans Region, in often of vills villages disturbed populations contexture which have few and sparse population. Eke the migration of the job-age people polarized Eil Gavark vills villager population at the one axis have positioned elder population and at another very young and nonproductive population. This abate in the productive population in villages during times resulted in the alteration of the cultivation standard, reduction of the production efficiency, earnings and result increasing of the relative depauperation in vills villager.

The present paper that was based on the documentation method and secondary analysis of data from censuses Population and Housing Statistics Center of Iran، intended to thoroughly analyze the effects of these factors in rural migration on rural aging population; in addition، the increase in aging of Iranian employees in agriculture sector and its consequences were examined. Results have shown that migration from the village to city is one of the most important reasons for aging of rural population in Iran. Moreover، during the years 1345 to1385، the agricultural sector employees have become about 5. 7 years older، while the total employees have become only 2. 2 years older. The results of this review consider migration of human resources from rural areas as one of the most challenges of rural development from the viewpoint of sustainable development in Iran that weakens the rural economy and culture and makes agricultural employees older and have caused the instability of the situation in rural areas.

The outbreak of rural migration takes place due to a wide range of socio-economic factors. Once the villagers, provided with better economic and social facilities, didn’t feel any reason to leave the villages, finding it as a suitable place for living. The goal of this study is, using the field study, to explore the probable changes in recent migration flows. To fulfill it, a number of villages of Bandar Anzali have been selected and studied via the questionnaire, and then the information was analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that factors once assuring the villagers’ residence at the village now have been evolved into the important factors for the migration from rural areas for the new generation. This problem together with the old factors will leave a double impression on unsustainability of rural society which could be called as "Intensive migration".