جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « second home tourism » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Rural tourism, and consequently second home tourism, can be regarded as the outcome of great economic, social, and cultural development in the society after World War II, such that in our country, especially in mountainous areas beside large cities, also in the shores of Caspian Sea, the number of vacational second homes -primarily used for spending one's leisure time- has significantly increased over last few decades. This study aims at investigating the impact of second home tourism on physical development of rural settlements in Kelardasht County. This is an applied research carried out with a descriptive-analytical method. We benefited library research and field works for data collection. The population included 9 rural settlements situated in Kelardasht County, with a significantly impressive construction of second homes. using Cochran formula, 200 sample households were randomly selected from rural residents and the owners of the rural second homes. Reviewing the dimensions and indices of research variables showed that the highest value in 'promoting rural tourism' (2.50) was related to the village of Paye- qale), and the highest value in the variable of 'physical development of rural settlement's was related to the village of Taeb Kala had (3.09). Besides, the impact intensity of the variable of rural tourism development on physical development of second homes, has been achieved about 40 percent, while it is 44.4 percent in rural communities, and about 24.5 percent among of second home's owners; representing the average impact of second homes tourism on the studied area. According to the step-by-step regression test, in the second step, the index of creating new jobs (with the co-efficient 12 percent), had the highest impact; and the index of new construction (with the co-efficient 8.6 percent) was in the second place, associated with tourism.

Second homes tourism is one the important tourism patterns at rural areas which has had positive and negative effects on different aspects of rural space, especially on physical appearance of rural areas. Effects of tourism on host society, concurrent with the development of tourism have complexities which need more investigation. This paper aims to examine the satisfaction of villagers from rural architectural style prevalent in the construction of second homes in the Kalardasht County done. This is an applied research carried out in a descriptive-analytical method. Library research and field works have been used for data collection. The population of the study included 9 rural settlements situated in Kelardasht County in which construction of second homes have been significantly impressive. Based on Cochran formula, 200 households were selected from the villages of the study area. The sample households were randomly selected from rural residents. Having reviewed the research indices, we may conclude that in the study area, the average satisfaction indices, which are less than or equal to 3, show the low satisfaction of residents with the architectural style of second homes constructed in their villages. The study also found that the residents of Avijdan village have expressed the lowest level of satisfaction (2.53) and residents of the village of Othman Kala have expressed the highest level of satisfaction (3.40) with the architectural style prevalent in the construction of second homes in their villages. In order to compare the mean of research indices in the sample villages, we used one way analysis of variance, which uncovered significant differences in sample villages. In a way that there have been significant differences in the satisfaction level of the villager in rural areas of Lash Sar and Osman Kala compared to villagers in Avijdan.

INTRODUCTIONTourism acts within the framework of certain spatial patterns; one of these patterns is rural tourism that is considered as the most popular form of tourism. The most important and the most common form of tourism in rural areas is second homes tourism. Generally, second home tourism is consistent with the tourism motivation and patterns and is related to the need for recreation and travel to different locations. Mostly, second homes tourists seek to meet several needs at the same time; because they have different motivations. Although it is possible in circumstance, one of these factors affects as the main factor, but usually in second homes, several or all of these factors are important affecting items.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKDuring the past three decades, second home tourism has become a topic for study by researchers in disciplines such as geography, tourism planning, economics and sociology. This research has focused on relation between second home tourists and residents of rural environment. One of the ways to identify second home tourism motivations, is understanding the factors related to tourism, namely driving pull and push factors.
The study of second home tourist's motivations, is important because of the impacts on rural areas. Therefore, the aim of the research is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting second home tourist's motivations in Javaherdeh Ramsar as a mountain village which this phenomenon (second home tourism) has taken shape there for many years.
METHODOLOGYThis study is a functional, descriptive and exploratory research. Geographic scope of this study encompasses the Rural Complex of Javaherdeh in Ramsar and the time domain has been in the spring, summer and autumn 1394 (2015). The population consisted of second homes tourists in the village as well as tourism professionals and geographical experts. Sampling was judgmental and the number of 334 people was selected. For experts in form of Delphi, the number of 30 individuals was determined. Data were collected through questionnaires. The validity was checked through the content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.9) and it was approved. Analysis of the data was performed by the coefficient of variation to prioritize and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to dimension reduction by SPSS23 software.
DISCUSSIONprioritizing of the push factor of second homes tourism from the rural tourists perspective of Javaherdeh Ramsar indicated that the highest priority respectively is related to increase leisure time, increase income and financial strength, to escape the monotony and routines, dignity and social status, attachment to the place, acquisition of vehicles, provision of retirement days, willingness to invest, to avoid pollution of urban, environmentalism attitude, following fashion behavior, change in cultural attitudes, migration and modernity (recognition and search for new experiences).
Also, prioritizing of the pull factor from the perspective of second homes tourists of Javaherdeh Ramsar showed that the highest priority respectively is related to pleasant climate, positive image of the destination, the distance between primary residences and second homes, attractions, natural landscapes, access to the attractions and landscapes, tranquility of environment, ease in ownership of housing, ease of access, openness culture of residents, social capital of destination, convenient transportation system, proximity to urban centers, prices, development of infrastructure and superstructure, similarity and closeness of residents’ culture.
In next section of results, by using exploratory factor analysis, after the second home tourism motivational factors decreased to seven dimensions (with 67.55%), Which includes dimensions of tourists’ economic status, mental and practical attitude to leisure, psychological-social factors (related to push factor) and the nature and climate of the destination, features of destination, distance and access, and social development of destination (related to pull factor).
CONCLUSIONIn leisure and tourism studies, always, motivation has been of particular importance. Mostly, second homes tourists seek to meet several needs at the same time; because their tourisms’ acts do not originate from unique motivations. Although it is possible in a circumstance, one of these factors affect as the main factor, but usually in the second homes, several or all of these factors affect in collection of interlocked.
Prioritizing of pull factor of second homes tourism from perspective of tourist showed that the component of the "to increase leisure time" is the highest priority and "modernity (recognition and search for new experiences)" is the lowest priority. Also, prioritizing of pull factor of second homes tourism from perspective of tourist indicated that the component of the "pleasant climate" is the highest priority and "similarity and closeness of resident’s culture" is the lowest priority.
In order to evaluate the motivational factors (pull and push factors) second home tourism, the percentage share of each factors of eigenvalues of the variance have been determined in the pull and push factors. From the values would appear that from total factors, 59.3% are related to push factor and 40.7% are related to pull factor. From this model can be received that values of second homes tourist's motivations in the village of Javaherdeh in push factors has been more than pull factors.

In recent decades, Along with the structural transformation in the field of tourism in the country, especially tourism in rural areas, construction of second homes aimed at leisure in the villages of summer has begun. Now a days, second home tourism in the Nir County due to the mountainous location, being close to the provincial capital, enjoying beautiful landscape and pleasant climate has been growing very significantly. The purpose of present study is to investigate second homes and their developmental impacts and repercussions on rural environments. This research study followed documentary, field and analytical methodologies. The findings suggest that second home tourism in this area has led to various social, economic, environmental and physical outcomes and changes which in some cases, it has resulted in the skyrocketing land prices and housing, use of standard architectural style and improvement of the rural streets in terms of health. Threats associated with tourism in this area has been led to undesirable consequences such as the destruction of natural landscapes, destruction of farmlands and orchards, agricultural land use change and deterioration of agricultural activities. Therefore, effective planning and management of tourism activities is essential for achieving sustainable rural tourism.

One of the critical criteria in sustainable tourism development approach is support and Attitude of inhabitants. Local resident support for tourism development is critical because successful operation and sustainability depend heavily on their good will. Therefore planning in respect to sustainable tourism development should be on the basis of the goals and priorities of local residents. The objective of this research is to determine factors affecting attitudes of second home tourism development and environmental impacts in rural areas of Dohezar County., The case study target is located in Tonekaboon Township in Mazandaran province Second home tourism development has been considered as the independent variable and environmental impacts have been considered as dependent variables. From 16 villages of Do Hezar Rural District (50%) 8 villages have been studied due to the extensive research problems. The study population includes households of Do Hezar Rural District equal to 486 households among which 150 householders namely 30% of the total population were selected as sample using Cochran formula. The other population includes the owners of second homes that were selected as 100 subjects as the statistical population from 640 people. The collected data are as objective and subjective indicators. In this study, the number of second homes, the amount of waste generated in the tourism and non-tourism seasons are as objective indicator and guest and host community attitudes in relation to environmental factors are as subjective indicators in this study. In this regard, based on the initial field study and study goal and review of the intellectual foundations of variables were assessed in terms of questionnaires of Rural residents and second home owners. Reliability was calculated as 0.743 using Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze and infer, depending on the type of data, scale of variables and intended objectives the descriptive-statistical methods such as mean, statistical analysis methods such as regression and generalized views of the entire population of the one-sample t-test and to understand the gap between two communities in relation to environmental variables t-test was used. Studies show that a total of 640 second homes are used currently in the area and by including the allocation of 121 square meters to each house and the allocation of 640 square meters recreational space for each residential unit, approximately 50 acres of the total land have changed the use due to this type of tourism development. Results indicate that this type of tourism has developed in Do Hezar area and the study population has acknowledged the negative environmental effects of second homes tourism. But in relation to the environmental effects of this type of tourism there are significant differences between local residents and second home owners. Other findings indicate that from the perspective of both groups The most important both environmental outcome of tourism development in the villages of Do Hezar rural district is related to the changes of land use although there are significant differences between the two approaches. The least difference in the viewpoints of two groups is related to the environmental pollution and apparent landscape and the mean difference is 0/3 in two groups.area and the study population has acknowledged the negative environmental effects of second homes tourism. But in relation to the environmental effects of this type of tourism there are significant differences between local residents and second home owners. Other findings indicate that from the perspective of both groups The most important both environmental outcome of tourism development in the villages of Do Hezar rural district is related to the changes of land use although there are significant differences between the two approaches. The least difference in the viewpoints of two groups is related to the environmental pollution and apparent landscape and the mean difference is 0/3 in two groups.area and the study population has acknowledged the negative environmental effects of second homes tourism. But in relation to the environmental effects of this type of tourism there are significant differences between local residents and second home owners. Other findings indicate that from the perspective of both groups The most important both environmental outcome of tourism development in the villages of Do Hezar rural district is related to the changes of land use although there are significant differences between the two approaches. The least difference in the viewpoints of two groups is related to the environmental pollution and apparent landscape and the mean difference is 0/3 in two groups. The results show that tourism development has a high level of development in the region so that in total, more than 53% of rural homes of the study area are second homes. The mean of distance in time and space for second homes and main homes in the study area is equal to 210 kilometers and the wasted time to reach second homes is equal to 230 minutes. In most cases, from the viewpoint of the guest community however, this type of tourism development has resulted in negative consequences, but this is a natural consequence and on the contrary from the viewpoint of host community tourism development in second homes of Do Hezar rural district has left strong negative effects So that the study of total means confirms this status in relation to most indicators. The key point in this study is that both communities analyze the conditions for their benefits but in general the field study of the researcher in the study area indicates that although Second home tourism development in recent years has created jobs and increased local incomes in the study area but vast changes in lands resulted in water shortage especially in hot seasons and holidays, and reduced agricultural productivity and soil erosion.

Like other tourism models, second-home tourism leads to various consequences in rural areas. Due to the nature and development of this model, a lot of physical-environmental changes have been brought about in rural areas. For persistent development of second-home tourism, understanding both the impacts and the consequences of this model seem to be necessary. In Iran, one of those rural areas in which this model has been expanded and incorporated into inhabitants’ lives, is the rural area of Rudbar Qasran. Accordingly, this study aims at exploring the environmental-physical impacts of second-home tourism development in this geographical area. This applied study benefitted from the descriptive/analytic methods of data analysis. Library and field data collection methods were employed to collect the data. In the field method, a questionnaire was utilized in which the Cochran formula was used; 238 households were selected as the statistical sample. Moreover, descriptive/inferential statistical methods were employed to interpret the collected data. The findings showed that the model of second-home tourism had the greatest impact on the index of environmental changes and the least effect on the infrastructural services improvements. It was also found that none of the changes was statistically significant. The results also revealed that there were significant differences in views of people whose jobs were dependent on tourism compared with those who had other jobs regarding the effects of second-home tourism development.

The impact of second home tourism is divided into three categories: economic, social and environmental. The main focus of this paper is the social impact of second home tourism. The study analyzes social capital by comparing two rural areas. To collect the data, a research are made questionnaire with Chronbach Alpha reliability of 0.78 was used. Stratified random sampling was used to select the sample which consistied of 228 people settling in Siyavaraz (with second homes) and Lirehsar (without second homes) for at least 15 years. The results showed that social capital in one village was not significantly different from the one in the other village. However, details showed that the level of formal social participation, social trust and institutional trust was higher in Lirehsar (without second homes) than in Siyavaraz (with second homes). On the other hand, level of literacy and rate of income were higher in Siyavarz than in Liresar. The study suggests further research in this area as second homes with positive economic effects and negative social effects seem contradictory.

Tourism in rural environment expanding due to urbanization، improved transportation and communications systems، the increase in leisure time، etc. and followed by formation and expansion of second homes، the most important phenomena of the twentieth century and present century. Enjoying a privileged position in the study area with natural and ecological and the proximity to the city hosted many tourists Quchan second homes in rural environments. The purpose of this study a variety of second homes tourism development and its comparative analysis from the perspective of owners and residents in Shirindareh Dehestan (Quchan) is. Methods In this study، is experimental and in part of descriptive - analytical. Statistical study of seven villages with 1188 households are that based on Cochrane formula 218 questionnaires in two groups of owners and residents of systematic random method in the region has been collected. Findings showed that the strong relationship between changes of social and economic aspects and tourism development of second homes in the villages there. Highly variable impact of second homes development tourism on social and economic changes of villagers living in 0. 502 is estimated، that represents the average impact of second homes tourism is in the area. Investment of non-rural people most affected by a factor of about 35 percent in the formation of rural life has changed. Significant difference in the views of owners and residents to develop of second homes tourism and changes are in the economic aspects of rural life there. Given the findings، solutions include integrated management system designed for second homes tourism، Land-based studies to evaluate the ecological، Studies and waste management and wastewater projects، Administrative regulations relating to environmental design and rural development perspective، Formulation and implementation of regulations related to changes in your gardens and farms to second homes، etc. is proposed.