جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « systematic approach » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Many experts believe that in order to achieve rural development, it is necessary to pay attention to various fields and factors that interact with each other (Ratan, 1997: 6). A system is anything that derives its form and coherence from the current interactions of its components. According to the main subject of geographical studies, namely the human-environmental system, to discover this nature, it is necessary for the researcher to know the environment and human well, to determine the relationship between the two or the role of each in this system (Ajaghloo Ajaghloo, 2016). A review of research conducted in rural development programs shows a lack of attention to the environmental dimension of rural development in the laws of all programs (Fatah Elahi, Vamiri Police Station, 1396, attention to the development of structures and physical manifestations and disregard for goals Functionality, human beings and rural people (Rahimi and Tavassoli, 2012), and the effect of contextual variables of policy-making environment on the nature and structural variables (Omidi, 2012) are the characteristics and policies adopted in rural development. Lack of a comprehensive model for sustainable rural development leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of rural development programs and in addition to the negative population growth rate in these areas has led to migration and issues such as urban slums and declining population active in the strategic sector of agriculture and production. Will have. Therefore, in order to reduce discrimination and economic and social inequalities in rural areas and national-regional and local development, provide a coherent model consisting of interaction and interrelationships between the environment and inside the system, paying attention to the structures and functions of the space system with spatial interfaces and Systematically guided non-space is mandatory. Village, rural development and development planning are all systemic concepts. Therefore, recognizing them and any action to create the desired change in them requires a proper attitude. The central premise of the present study is that the systemic approach with respect to the structural-functional approach is a suitable model for recognizing and developing and sustainable development of rural areas and subsequently creating the desired change in it.

The present article is fundamental research in nature and applied research in purpose. Systemic approach provides a methodological framework for research and study on the construction and operation of a system; And allows geographers to construct a new form of geographical comprehensiveness as a methodological tool.

In general, with a review of the projects in rural spatial development and the systemic approach proposed in the present study, the following issues were raised in rural planning. Rural development goals require social justice, facilitating agricultural development along with the expansion of trade and urban industries, and therefore more attention is paid to the economic development of small and medium-sized cities as a link between urban and rural economy can be comprehensive development and balanced distribution. Accelerate interests (Randinley, 1118: 1918). Therefore, paying attention to strengthening the interconnection and interaction between cities and villages is one of the requirements of rural development, which by adopting integrated policies of balanced urban and rural growth and development, as well as economic and social strengthening of small towns to serve the surrounding villages. it's related to. - Paying attention to the system of program production as a functional component that is important based on the form and scope of relationships and how to meet local and regional needs and stimulate motivational factors. Rural planning to achieve the goals of spatial-physical and economic-social organization of rural settlements requires attention to structural-functional approaches in rural areas.Emphasizing the need for a systemic approach using a structural-functional approach and its relationship to spatial planning, the basic discussion is to provide a definition of the position, roles and interrelationships between system components. 1- Rural functions-structures and internal-external links in the field of rural planning and development can be studied in two axes of strategic policies and indicators of rural spatial organization at the village level with economic, social and physical subsystems. It is related to service functions and service distribution. 2- Paying attention to the factors of spatial-functional vacuum of rural services at the land level in the field of rural planning and development can be traced with service range indices and population threshold, and with regional results The village is related. Organizing existing diversity in terms of regional resources, regional needs and capabilities, division of labor between urban and rural sectors are systematically guided through institutional and managerial structures. 3- Popular institutionalization is one of the internal factors and inputs of the system that includes the support of indigenous knowledge. Institutional approach of participation in order to encourage the motivations of the system that stimulates its internal and external functioning by building structural and operational capacity along with changing the planning system to a region leads to comprehensive and balanced improvement of different parts of the village and local institutional development , Provides national and regional.

Realization of rural development is made possible by a complete set of coherent patterns of capital distribution in the village, organizations, institutions that are accompanied by a series of appropriate external links. A systemic approach in spatial planning that is a related set of various structures and functions with the aim of reducing discrimination and economic and social inequalities in rural areas and national-regional and local development and recognizing the spatial vacuum - mandatory rural service functions Is. A system in spatial planning with a structural-functional approach with a comprehensive understanding of the space organization, provides the basis for local, national and regional institutional development.

It is necessary to apply futures studies in urban and regional planning, the subject of which is to identify, analyze and plan for cities and regions as the most complex human structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the development variables of Guilan province with a futuristic approach and by applying systems theory in order to identify the key factors of regional development in the horizon of 1410. This research, while identifying the key factors of the province's development, adapts it to the basic theory of the province's development and prioritizes the province's development capabilities (derived from the basic theory of the province's development) with the key technologies method. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data nature and documentary-survey in terms of data collection method. Research methods include Delphi methods, cross-impact matrix and Mic Mac software, key technologies and utility-feasibility matrix. The results of this study showed that the key variables of the province development include population and migration, macro management style, production technology, government investment, water resources, environment, product export, knowledge-based development, natural hazards, foreign investment, production efficiency , Tourism development and prioritization of the province's development capabilities are tourism, agriculture, agricultural conversion and complementary industries and commercial activities, respectively.

Spatial planning as an alternative approach to sustainable development in the knowledge of geography is based on a correct and appropriate understanding of space. This type of planning is a systematic phenomenon that plays a central role in guiding society towards the principles of sustainable development. The construction of dams and irrigation networks in the form of development plans inorder to supply water for agriculture, drinking and industry has caused various structural-functional changes in the spatial system of human settlements. On the other hand, the construction of dams and irrigation networks is considered as an intervention in the environmental system that has many effects and consequences. These consequences are considered as part of geographical spaces that play an important role in the process of spatial evolution and space production. The present study uses positivist and integrated methods, quantitative and qualitative methods, completing household and settlement questionnaires and statistical analysis to evaluate the effects of Alavian dam and irrigation network (in East Azerbaijan province) on spatial changes of rural settlements through a spatial planning approach. The results showed that the implementation of Alavian dam and irrigation network due to lack of comprehensive and systematic approach based on the principles of spatial planning in different stages of study, implementation and operation has not led to the organization and balanced growth of the spatial system of rural settlements.

Spatial planning as an alternative approach to sustainable development in geographical knowledge is based on a proper and appropriate understanding of space as a systematic phenomenon that has a fundamental role in guiding society towards the principles of sustainable development such that social and economic development and Improving the quality of life of each region depends on its spatial planning system. The construction of dams is considered to be an interventionist measure in the environmental system, which may lead to positive or negative impacts. While these impacts can be recognized directly in all elements and phenomena that are related to the geographical space, they play an important role in the process of spatial development and "production of space". This article questions to what extent the construction of the Alavian dam affects the integrated spatial reorganization of rural settlements. To investigate this, the Alavian reservoir dam in East Azarbaijan province (Iran) has been selected as a case study. The construction of the dam and the Alavian drainage network in the Maragheh and Bonab areas began in 1990 and ended in 1995 aiming to provide drinking, agricultural and industrial water as well as flood control. We hypothesized that the implementation of this project has caused a wide change in the structural and functional status of the spatial system as well as the changes in the environmental, socio-cultural and economy of the human settlements located at the margin of the reservoir. We studied such structural/functional changes in the spatial system of the Alavian dam and its irrigation network. It is presumed that "the role of the construction and Utilization of the dam and irrigation networks" has a great impact on "developments of the spatial system of rural settlements", mostly in social, economic and environmental. In summary, we offer the following hypotheses: In terms of segmentation, the top-down approach and structural approach, implementation and exploitation of the dam and Alavian irrigation network have not changed the spatial system of rural settlements within the scope of the project. Spatial performance due to the construction of the dam and the Alavian irrigation network is different in structural and functional changes of the spatial system of rural settlements according to their dispersal and spatial distribution. In this study, a descriptive-analytical method was used based on a comparative strategy. Within the framework of structural-functional scanning theory, four main criteria with 40 related indicators were selected to study the effects of reservoir dam construction and the irrigation network on all human settlements located in the geographical scope of the design. These criteria are considered to be the most important structural-functional components that are based on sustainable development. All data (quantitative and qualitative) required for this research were collected using two methods of library studies and field survey and then analyzed. Data collection tools, including village and household questionnaires, interviews, focus group meetings, observation and field surveys, were collected through all data collection tools. The general questionnaire for all villages (27 villages) was completed in full format. The household size of the samples was calculated using a Cochran method with a confidence level of 95 percent for all 370 households. The household questionnaire was randomly filled out. The questionnaire of villages and households was completed according to the impact of the construction of the Alavian reservoir Dam separately and with a proportional distribution in the upstream and downstream villages. To analyze the data, normality, correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Kendall coefficient were performed using SPSS software. This study presented an innovative way to evaluate the effects of construction of the dam and irrigation network on the variation of the spatial system of rural settlements in an integrated manner based on spatial paradigm. The findings of this research are the result of collaborative fieldwork to describe the relationship between dam construction and irrigation network and changes in the spatial system of villages. Spatial planning as a new, comprehensive and systematic approach to geographic knowledge can well support the theory of sustainable development. This approach is based on the harmonious and balanced development of the environmental-ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical conditions of the spatial system. To sum up, it can be said that observation of the spatial organization of the areas affected by the implementation of the dam and the Alavian irrigation network, as a result of uncompetitive development policies, is indicative of the imbalance and inequality in access to opportunities (such as access to agricultural water, increased agricultural production, increased income, etc.). Accordingly, due to lack of a Integrated and systematic approach based on the principles of spatial planning in the study and implementation of the Alavian Reservoir Dam, is not possible the conditions for positive change in rural settlements. It actually causes disarray, disunity and imbalance of the spatial system of the regions. In other words, is one of the most important reasons for failure of development projects in third world countries, ignoring the dimensions and structural-functional aspects of spatial systems. The project of construction of Alavian reservoir dam and its irrigation network can be a good example of such projects.

War zone tourism has the potential of economic and social reconstruction of war-torn areas in the border lines as a new popular beneficial tourism market. Achieving this goal requires proper planning based on the existing conditions. So it is essential to identify and prioritize areas that have this potential so that the facilities and assets may have a correct orientation and also be in the right direction. This is an important contribution to management decisions and helps the tourists select destinations as well as investors for investment purposes. On the one hand, tourism planning and priorities of tourist destinations must be based on currently accepted approaches to tourism management called systematic approach and new methods of decision-making. In this regard the current practical investigation has been done based on a systematic approach and has used a subset of multi-functional decision-making procedures of hierarchical analysis approach. the obtained results showed that among the target areas of tourism in Kurdistan province, Baneh has the most favorable situation than other competitors (objectives) for development and expansion of the war tourism.

Scenario planning is one of the appropriate tools for the strategic planning in uncertain circumstances and when tomorrow’s world is full of various wildcards. The present study has focused on developing and implementing a model for preparing development scenarios of Mazandaran Province in horizon 1410 with a systematic approach. Chain combined methodology was developed to perform the study. Data collecting was mainly based on documentary and Delphi model. Also, cross-impact analysis are used to analyze data by use of MICMAC software and morphologic method are used for analyzing and preparing scenarios by using Morphol software. The results revealed the evolution of key capabilities of Mazandaran province in horizon 1410. In all of the first four scenarios, the presumption of gradual decrease in crops because of changes in land use (especially in western areas) has been emerged which is considered as a serious and key threat for Mazandaran Province specifically for areas near the western areas of the province. Another important result was the coming out of presumption of “over %30 of exchanges growth of Feridoonkenar port” seen as an effective factor in province development, which is able to create a strong development pole in areas towards the geographical center of the province. In tourism sector of the first four scenarios, the optimistic presumption of “development of tourism infrastructure in the west of province and take initial steps for regional branding in transnational scale” has appeared which hoped that development conditions in the west areas of the province would be improved.