جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « war tourism » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The imposed war, with all the devastation and hardships it brought to the people of the border areas of Iran, also left a sense of pride and honor for our country. Now people from all over the country and abroad to see these areas and monuments. Remnants of the war travel and this has led to a boom in war tourism in these areas.This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey in terms of conducting research. The main tool for data collection in this study is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study consists of tourists who went to visit the War Museum in Khoramshahr. Due to the fact that the exact volume of the population was not available to the researchers, based on the principle of data saturation and receiving multiple opinions of sample members, 240 people were selected as sample members based on the researchers' opinions. The sampling method is simple random with no alternative. After distributing and collecting the research questionnaires, the research hypotheses were examined using Spss software and independent one-sample t-test. The findings of the study indicated that war tourism incentives have a positive and significant relationship with increasing tourist visits and it is suggested that the government in the field of international relations, and the Khoramshahr War Museum in the field of advertising and media redouble their efforts to attract Have a tourist.

Today, tourism by its diverse branches is known as one of the most popular industries in the world. Among the various branches, war tourism has found many fans and many people are receive it. Owners, war tourism travel to war zones, monuments And they know the effects of war, that in order to gain new experiences, the social-cultural-spiritual needs are met. War tourism, in addition to playing a key role in intercultural exchanges, can link cultures and the present with the past.In addition, we should notice that Qom province, due to its historical and cultural background, has a high potential to attract this group of tourists and their satisfaction can be better known to the expectations and perceptions of tourists, better planning to In order to attract the satisfaction of tourists and important factors in attracting satisfaction, this study examines the satisfaction of tourists with the revolutionary and war narrative tours based on the four components of program implementation schedule, destination attractions, tour awareness and the effectiveness of narrative knowledge. And tourists' insights are paid. The analysis of the research findings has been done by SPSS and excel software and the results indicate that the win scenario is valid in the four components studied with different levels of satisfaction. It has been a destination and an awareness.

One of the new products, destinations and types of tourism that can be well utilized for the socio-economic reconstruction of the border areas, is war tourism. Almost after World War II, the war tourism idea which had no objectives except reviving the war zones and improving the economic conditions in these areas attractedthe attentions. War tourism is a type of black tourism, which is considered to be the most visited type of black tourism. Despite the public fear of death, the interest of tourists to visit the places which have experienced natural and human disasters is on the rise. The main issue addressed in this research is that, up until now, tourism activities related to the war have failed to gain a considerable place in economic and social sustainabilityin the city of Marivan considering its potentials in this city. The main objective of the present research is to identify and analyze the status of tourism in the region with a systematic approach, because tourism as a system composed of various elements can only play its role in the realization of developing war-torn areas, once all elements of the system in terms of quantity and quality are placed together in a coordinated set in such a way that includesall the players of the extensive scene of tourismso that the obstacles and problems of war tourism development in the city are detected in the first place and then, the practical solutions for the development of this type of tourism to create the bases for economic and social reconstruction of the war-torn region of Marivan are suggested.

Methods and Materials: The present applied research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method.Documentary resources were used to collect information in the theoretical part;and in the field part, a survey method based on interviews and questionnaires was used. The statistical population of this exploratory research includes two groups, officials, specialists, local experts in the field of development and tourism of the city, as well as those people who have travelled to the areasand war memorials of Marivan city in the form of Rahian-e-Nour camp.

Discussion and Findings: Analysis of interviews with tourists, informed people and experts in the field of tourism and development authorities of the cityidentified 43 indicators in 9 components (categories) and in two main dimensions of supply and demand. Meanwhile, 3 components of motivation and low willingness to visit the region, the lack of familiarity with the area and its attractions, and theexpensesof travelling to the region are related to the demand dimension, and 6 components of the lack of facilities, welfare and accommodation services,inappropriate quality of information, education and advertising, poor transportation structures, inappropriate quality of tourist attractions, the lack of attention, supervision and desirable performance of public institutions, and poor local participation are related to supply dimension of the region’s tourism. In the next step, the results of the factor analysis testwere used to confirm the extractedresults from the research findings, summarizationand determination of the factors (obstacles and problems) affecting the development of war tourism in the region. The results showed that the formed factors are capable of explaining 66 percent of the changes and shaping the present situation. Five main factors were formed. The highest factor load was related to the shortage of service, accommodation and welfare facilities, and the expenses of the trip; and the lowest was related to the motivation factor and low tendency to visit the region as well as the weakness of transportation structures. The results of the course analysis test showed that the undesirable conditions of the supply dimension had the greatest impact on the development of war tourism in the region. This dimension also affects the status of the demand dimension indirectly. The type of relationship and effectiveness were also calculated positive and direct so that it can be said that the more desirable the status of the components of the tourism supply dimensions of the region,the more will improve the status of demand dimension and its indicators which means that, by improvement of the conditions of supply dimension, more demands will be created for visiting the region and the war tourism will revive in the region. Given the fact that the quality of demand is subject to the conditions of supply dimension, undoubtedly the undesirable conditions of war tourism of the Marivan city, have a significant role in the formation of the weakness in this demand dimension. Therefore, it is necessary to organize and improve the conditions of the war tourism supply dimension of the city at first, in order to increase the resultant of the issue and continue the demand for visiting the attractions of war. In the meantime,the role of responsible governmentalagencieswhich requires a great deal of coordination and efficiency with regard to the multidimensionality of tourismwill be very significant.

The development of war zone tourism as a new product in the lucrative and beneficial market of tourism for socio-economic reconstruction of the war-torn, needy border regions according to multidimensionality of tourism system and the influence of internal and external factors requires the use of a correct method of planning that have the ability to understand this complexity. In this context in the current study to develop tourism in Kurdistan province which is full of tourist attractions of war, SWOT analysis techniques with regard to compliance and capability to understand the complexity of the tourism system was used. This applied research methodologically is descriptive- analytical. Collecting the information was theoretically documentary and in the field part through interviews and analysis with content analysis method and Delphi technique.The calculations has been done in‘expert choice’ software, for binary comparison and determining the significance of factors, and ‘excel’ software too. The results showed that aggressive strategies are acceptable strategies for developing war tourism in the region.

War zone tourism has the potential of economic and social reconstruction of war-torn areas in the border lines as a new popular beneficial tourism market. Achieving this goal requires proper planning based on the existing conditions. So it is essential to identify and prioritize areas that have this potential so that the facilities and assets may have a correct orientation and also be in the right direction. This is an important contribution to management decisions and helps the tourists select destinations as well as investors for investment purposes. On the one hand, tourism planning and priorities of tourist destinations must be based on currently accepted approaches to tourism management called systematic approach and new methods of decision-making. In this regard the current practical investigation has been done based on a systematic approach and has used a subset of multi-functional decision-making procedures of hierarchical analysis approach. the obtained results showed that among the target areas of tourism in Kurdistan province, Baneh has the most favorable situation than other competitors (objectives) for development and expansion of the war tourism.

War is one of the most important events in the history of every society that might have negative or positive consequences. Although at first glance, the costs of war may be irreparable, after the war, a positive analysis of the consequences of war can be presented. Especially when war is defensive, it would produce or reproduce positive values which remain in collective memory and are transferred to the next generation in many ways. In recent years, in our country, Rahiyan Noor trips have been organized for visits to war areas attracting many people, especially young ones. At this point, some questions are raised: "what is the motivation behind these trips?" and "what effects will the experiences of these trips leave on individuals?" This study used qualitative research methods and the strategy of Grounded Theory, a general research method used to generate theories. The research data were collected through open, in-depth interviews. The population of the study consisted of 18 students from Payame Noor University of Piranshahr, who had experience of Rahiyan Noor trips. They were selected through theoretical and purposive sampling methods. The size of the sample was determined when theoretical saturation was reached in the interviews. The results arising from multiple coding led to the formation of a theoretical model with “war tourism” as the main concept. The results show that the experiences of Rahiyan Noor trips will help form and reproduce positive individual and collective memory of the war through transferring war values to the next generations.
War is one of the most important events in the history of every society that might have negative or positive consequences. Although at first glance, the costs of war may be irreparable, after the war, a positive analysis of the consequences of war can be presented. Especially when war is defensive, it would produce or reproduce positive values which remain in collective memory and are transferred to the next generation in many ways. One of the specific types of tourism, which in recent decades has been of interest to tourists and planners, is war tourism. This type of tourism was attracted to, for the first time, by Western countries years ago and was manifested in the forms of visiting the monuments and vestiges left after the First and the Second World War. The main axes of this type of tourism are the preservation of the effects of war and transfer of the concepts and values of the society in time of war to future generations. Eight years of sacred defense, as an honorable, glorious, and epic event, has been recorded in the collective memory. Sacred Defense has had a significant role in the construction of social realities of today's society whether in terms of formal or informal rules and norms or in terms of the representations of collective behavior such as values, ideals, and myths. Thus, in the years after the imposed war, various programs have been implemented by different institutions to promote and preserve the values and ideals of the war. One of these programs is Rahiyan e Noor Trips (light-bound trips) to visit the war zones. At this point, some questions are raised: "what is the motivation behind these trips?" and "what effects will the experiences of these trips leave on individuals?"
This study used qualitative research methods and the strategy of Grounded Theory, a general research method used to generate theories. The research data were collected through open, in-depth interviews. The population of the study consisted of 18 students from Payame Noor University of Piranshahr, who had experience of Rahiyan Noor trips. They were selected through theoretical and purposive sampling methods. The size of the sample was determined when theoretical saturation was reached in the interviews. The research data were analyzed using coding at the three levels of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.
Results and Discussion :The results arising from multiple coding led to the formation of a theoretical model with “war and self-development tourism” as the main concept. The results show that the experiences of Rahiyan Noor trips will help form and reproduce positive individual and collective memory of the war through transferring war values to the next generations. Therefore, it can be argued that eight years of sacred defense created an atmosphere in which many moral concepts such as sacrifice, martyrdom, believe in God, Freedom, love, unity, courage, and perseverance that can be effective in the infrastructure of the cultural and political system of any country, can be interpreted. Memories of the sacred defense and its spiritual atmosphere have social bases. Rituals, rites, commemoration, and remembrance which provide for remembering war memories are shared with others. War and self-development tourism is not just a normal trip but also one of the most effective methods of transferring the values and experiences of the last generation to the next generation and a means of promoting the culture of martyrdom among young people and future generations. In fact, the experience of Rahyian Noor Tip helps enhance the collective memory of the war for the present generation. Thus, a sense of interaction is formed where the last generations’ experiences are transferred to the next generation which would eventually lead to the formation of a common collective memory of the war based on the supreme values of the war period.

War tourism is a type of tourism that the purpose is visiting the war zones and exploring the memories of wartime. War tourism history goes back to the period after World War II that people for improving the livelihoods of people who lived in war zones, were traveling to these areas. This type of tourism in Iran began after the war with Iraq. This type of tourism in areas of cultural tourism is an important branch of specialized tourism that shows the destruction caused by war and anti-war sentiments awakened a sense of spiritual history and epic humanitarian help a country to keep tourists. War tourism in the community can pursue a variety of social and cultural functions that facilitate the identification of the most important functions of society, especially young people. Another great appeal of tourists in the country, along with spirituality and humanity that owes its enormous courage of the warriors who died on the way to their goals and set up their covenant signed with their blood. People with traveling to this region taking away from the material world and find a spiritual approach to their release from the shackles of this world, even for a while. Khuzestan province is one of the major provinces on the war path that traces of war in this region as a tourism attraction. Baath regime of Iraq's imposed war against Iran, including the wars in history, literature, epic and courage is registered and has its own attractions for tourists. This work is now perhaps the sole purpose Caravan light path, but the capacity to such sites remaining from the World War II that attract many tourists, domestic and foreign tourists visited affected. The current study aims to use the full benefits of tourism and tourism in particular war is to identify barriers to the development of tourism in this province Sacred Defense and strategies for tourism development in the province is holy. The dominant approach of this research development - an applied research method is descriptive, analytical and survey. The data analysis technique used is path analysis and simple linear regression analysis, the results showed that among the multiplicity of decision-making; poor marketing, lack of infrastructure and tourism services, poor receive tourists culture and tourism underdevelopment there is a war.